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(IELTS Writing Task 2) THE BOOK by Mastership (Skillshare)
(IELTS Writing Task 2) THE BOOK by Mastership (Skillshare)
Table of Contents
IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic [MASTERCLASS] IELTS Listening [MASTERCLASS] (only available on Udemy)
3
Welcome Aboard!
IELTS Writing Task 2 Course
5
About me
7
Who makes the IELTS?
8
How can you take the IELTS?
● This is an English test. You don’t need any specialized background knowledge
10
Exam Overview
● No breaks in between
○ Develop your stamina by practicing with full-length practice tests
● No penalty for wrong answers. Guess when you don’t know the answer!
11
Listening
4 sections, 40 items
30 minutes
Academic Reading
Breakdown 3 sections, 40 items
60 minutes
Speaking
11 to 14 minutes
13
Next stop is…
● You can score a band 9 with the minimum requirement of just 250 words.
16
Basics
● Unlike Task 1, you can use the words, I, you, we, us, but don’t overuse them
● 6 question types - The same basic strategy applies to every question type
● Your examples don’t have to be truthful! But they should sound real
● Your position/opinion can never be wrong, so feel free to choose any side!
Types of Questions
19
The 6 Types of
Questions
Introduction to IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Write about the following topic:
Some people believe that unpaid community service should be compulsory part of high school
programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching
sports to younger children).
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
21
Agree/Disagree
WRITING TASK 2 Choose ONE side! This is not a “discuss both sides”
question. It is possible to write a partly-agree essay,
Write about the following topic: but this is risky. Just simplify it and pick a side.
Some people believe that unpaid community service should be compulsory part of high school
programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching
sports to younger children).
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words. Your opinion is required and you
are allowed to strongly express it
22
Advantage/Disadvantage
WRITING TASK 2
Write about the following topic:
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
23
Advantage/Disadvantage
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
24
Problem/Solution
WRITING TASK 2
Write about the following topic:
In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and
fitness are decreasing.
What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measure could be taken to
solve them?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
25
Problem/Solution
WRITING TASK 2
Write about the following topic:
In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and
fitness are decreasing.
What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measure could be taken to
solve them?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words. Your opinion is required, but do NOT strongly express it
26
Discuss/Opinion
WRITING TASK 2
Write about the following topic:
Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of
sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and
that other measures are required.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
27
Discuss/Opinion
WRITING TASK 2 Here, you can agree with one side or both sides.
Write about the following topic:
Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of
sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and
that other measures are required.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Your opinion is required and you
Write at least 250 words. are allowed to strongly express it
28
Opinion
WRITING TASK 2
Write about the following topic:
Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the
only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
29
Opinion
Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the
only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words. Your opinion is required and you are
allowed to strongly express it
30
Two Parts
WRITING TASK 2
Write about the following topic:
Nowadays, the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Do NOT state your opinion, as it is not required
31
Next stop is…
32
How to Get a 7+
High Score
Introduction to IELTS Writing Task 2
Each band descriptor category is scored on a band of 0-9 and then averaged for the total score
34
Band Descriptors
35
What you must do to score well
Band Task Achievement
36
What you must do to score well
Band Coherence & Cohesion
37
What you must do to score well
Band Grammatical Range and Accuracy
● Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy; rare minor
9
errors occur only as ‘slips’
38
What you must do to score well
Band Lexical Resource
● Uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of
9
lexical features; rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’
39
Next stop is…
40
How This Course
Is Structured
An overview of our Writing Task 2 course
43
II. Overview of Recipe
How to outline How to introduce How to discuss How to discuss How to summarize
main ideas and topic, paraphrase and/or support your and/or support the main points of
supporting details the question position with main your position with your essay and
of the body language and state idea #1, supporting main idea #2, restate the thesis
paragraphs the thesis details and supporting details
examples and examples
44
III. Overview of Cooking
45
Next stop is…
46
Task Achievement
The first ingredient in Writing Task 2
48
An Overview of Structure
Paragraphs Requirements
Example: “Living in big cities is stressful, because they are too overcrowded.”
Is this true for everyone who lives in big cities? No, because some people enjoy big cities
Is this true for every single child? No, because some children do exercise
50
How to Stop Overgeneralizing
To avoid overgeneralizing, you have to soften your statement with the words below:
often many
could
sometimes some
may
usually few
might
generally a number of
can
typically a lot of
probable
tend to several
likely
occasionally numerous
Generalization: “Living in big cities is stressful, because they are too overcrowded.”
Correction: “Living in big cities can be stressful, because they tend to be too overcrowded.”
51
How to Stop Overgeneralizing
Generalization Correction
Prison is more effective for reform. Prison may be more effective for reform.
52
Second Ingredient:
Coherence & Cohesion
53
Coherence &
Cohesion
The second ingredient in Writing Task 2
2. Connect sentences and paragraphs together with cohesive devices (words like
however, moreover, furthermore, therefore, etc.)
Example
To begin with, teaching children a foreign language in primary school does have some
drawbacks, namely the shorter availability of time for other subjects and the delayed
development of the child's first language. Learning another language can take away some
time from other subjects, such as math and science, which are vital for higher education.
Additionally, children may mix up the linguistic structures from the various languages,
resulting in a possible delay in the development of their native language.
56
What are Cohesive Devices?
Cohesive devices are words and phrases that link your ideas together to make your essay
flow smoothly. They are the glue that stick your sentences and paragraphs to each other.
Example
To begin with, teaching children a foreign language in primary school does have some
drawbacks, namely the shorter availability of time for other subjects and the delayed
development of the child's first language. Learning another language can take away some
time from other subjects, such as math and science, which are vital for higher education.
Additionally, children may mix up the linguistic structures from the various languages,
resulting in a possible delay in the development of their native language.
Note that relative pronouns and Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns will be
conjunctions also act as cohesive devices discussed in detail in the Grammar section
57
Cohesive Devices
Overview Opening Sequence Addition
Overall, Considering… First/Firstly, Additionally,
Generally, Regarding…, Second/Secondly, Furthermore,
Generally speaking, In regards to… Last/Lastly… Moreover,
In general, Moving on to… Initially/Finally ...as well as…
In brief/short, In terms of…, Meanwhile, ...not only _____, but
By and large, Specifically, Subsequently, also...
Basically, To be specific, Eventually, In addition to…,
As a rule, Research shows that… Immediately, On top of that…
Essentially, Research has found… Before/After Besides…
On the whole, When it comes to… During/While… Another point…
All things considered, With respect to… Simultaneously, Another reason is…
Following this…
… followed by…
58
Cohesive Devices
Comparison Contrast Cause/Effect Emphasis
Similarly, Alternatively, Thus, Above all,
Likewise, On the contrary, Therefore, Mainly,
Equally, In/by contrast, Consequently, In particular,
Compared with/to On the other hand, As a consequence, ...particularly…
In comparison, Conversely, As a result of… ...especially…
Similar to... Nevertheless, ...due to… ...notably…
… as _____ as… Nonetheless, ...leading to… ...remarkably…
like... Though/Although ...resulting in… Certainly,
Even though... Because of… Absolutely,
Despite/In spite of… Hence… Undoubtedly,
While/Whereas… Thereby… There is no doubt…
Unlike… Owing to… Precisely
Instead, For this reason… Surely
59
Cohesive Devices
Illustration Qualification Reference Clarification
As an example, If… ...former/latter To put it simply,
For instance, Although… In relation to… That is to say,
For example, Unless… …, respectively In other words,
Among others, …, except… In proportion to… In short/brief,
…, such as… As long as… Such… In fact,
...namely, Apart from… This/that... To clarify,
To cite an example, Provided that… In essence,
As an evidence, In case… To be more precise,
To illustrate, Whether… To put it another way...
...illustrated by… Regardless of…
In the case of… Despite of…
Otherwise…
Now that…
60
Paragraphing
You can either indent each paragraph or skip a line when you start a new paragraph, but do
not mix both formats or change them midway - choose only one format and stick to it
61
Next stop is…
Third Ingredient:
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
62
Grammatical Range
& Accuracy
The third ingredient in Writing Task 2
66
When NOT to Change the Tense
Do no change the tense when there is NO time change for the action
Incorrect: During the lecture, Jane stood up and drops her phone.
Correct: During the lecture, Jane stood up and dropped her phone.
Correct: During the lecture, Jane stands up and drops her phone.
● Usually, the timing of the actions within a sentence will dictate when the tense must
be changed
Correct: Sam reached for the apple after he had already eaten two oranges.
XXXXXXXXX X X
Timeline
P Now F P Now F P Now F P Now F
I am eating rice right I have eaten all of the I have been eating rice
Example I eat rice everyday.
now. rice. for 2 hours.
Shows that a Shows that an action Shows that something Shows that something
Description completed action took was ongoing, until it happened before started in the past and
place at a specific time was interrupted by another action in the continued up until
in the past another action in past past another action in past
Timeline X X X X X X X
P Now F P Now F P Now F P Now F
X X X X X X X
Timeline
P Now F P Now F P Now F P Now F
Use ‘a’ or ‘an’ with singular countable nouns when the reader does not know exactly to
whom or what we are referring:
73
Subject-Verb Agreement
Subjects and Verbs must agree with each other in number (singular or plural). If a subject is
singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.
Incorrect Correct
People improves their life by learning from People improve their life by learning from
their past mistakes. their past mistakes.
Reflecting on our past help us to make Reflecting on our past helps us to make
better decisions. better decisions.
74
Active & Passive
Voice
Grammatical Range & Accuracy: Writing Task 2
Example: The dog bit the boy. Example: The boy was bitten by the dog.
76
Active Voice
Active voice is best used for conveying simple, straightforward ideas and actions. This voice
is far more common than the passive voice, because it is:
The dog was fed by me yesterday. (This is strange and unnecessarily complicated)
Note that both sentences are grammatically correct, but this particular idea is best
conveyed with active voice.
77
Passive Voice
Passive voice is primarily used in these two situations:
● When we do not want to say, or do not know, who did the action.
● When focusing on the recipient of the action is more important.
Examples: Shoplifters were arrested. (No need to say ‘by the police’’ because it is obvious)
The road is being repaired. (We are only interested in the road, not in the people
who are repairing it)
(Both sentences have the same meaning but in the first one, the emphasis is on ‘the
poem,’ whereas in the second one, the emphasis on Shakespeare) 78
Passive Voice To form passive voice, use different forms of ‘to be’
Present Continuous is/are being + past participle The food is being eaten.
Present Perfect have/has been + past participle The food has been eaten.
Past Continuous was/were being + past participle The food was being eaten.
Past Perfect had been + past participle The food had been eaten.
Future Simple will be/going to be + past participle The food will be eaten.
Future Continuous will be being + past participle The food will be being eaten.
Future Perfect will have been + past participle The food will have been eaten.
79
Simple & Compound
Sentences
Grammatical Range & Accuracy: Writing Task 2
As you can see, simple sentences can include other basic elements, such as modal verbs,
prepositions, articles, etc.
81
Compound Sentences
Independent Clause + Independent Clause(s) = Compound Sentence
Idea is complete , coordinating conjunction for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Britain invested over 1 million pounds in books, and France only invested 100,000.
Switzerland ranked the highest in 1999, but it was outranked by Britain the following year.
83
Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions Examples
When a coordinating conjunction
The proposed legislation seems promising, but it has
but
connects two independent
clauses, a comma is always used several drawbacks.
* Placing a comma before “and” in a list is optional → I love books, movies, and music.
84
List of Coordinating Conjunctions
F for
A and
N nor
B but
O or
Y yet
S so
85
Complex Sentences
Grammatical Range & Accuracy: Writing Task 2
Whereas Britain invested over 1 million pounds in books, France only invested 100,000.
Switzerland ranked the highest in 1999, although it was outranked by Britain the following
year.
… conjunction
If a subordinating unless is Walking is better than driving unless one is in a hurry.
used to give extra information (as a
qualification or an afterthought), It is important to consider one’s financial situation
… before…
then you must , unless
use a comma before travelling abroad, unless one is wealthy.
‘Although’ is an exception. Comma is Certainly this could happen, although the odds are
… although
almost always used when ‘although’ remote.
appears in the middle of a sentence
89
List of Subordinating Conjunctions
while even until instead of
whereas as unless in order to
though as long as now that within
although as soon as so that without
as though since provided that before
even though because rather than after
if despite when whether
as if except which
even if besides wherever
if only once whenever
90
Correlative
Conjunctions
Grammatical Range & Accuracy: Writing Task 2
A comma is not usually used between the two components of a correlative conjunction, unless
other elements are present
Relative Pronoun
Incorrect Correct
Parents should neither yell at their children nor Parents should neither yell at their children nor
be punishing them. punish them.
I used to love both swimming competitively and I used to love both swimming competitively and
to play golf. playing golf.
Vegetables not only are delicious but also healthy. Vegetables are not only delicious but also healthy.
both … and
either … or
neither … nor
not … but
whether … or
94
Relative Clauses
Grammatical Range & Accuracy: Writing Task 2
Example: Belgium is the country that sold Example: Belgium earned 1.7 million euros
the most coffee. from coffee sales , which made it the most
profitable country.
96
Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns They refer to... Examples
The Italians, who form the vast majority of
who people
population, are 15-59 year olds.
Overgrazing represented the primary cause of
which/that things global land depletion, which accounted for
approximately 30% of land degradation.
The only country where the population declined
where places
was Australia.
The only period when mobile phones plummeted
when times
in demand was in December.
whose possession The only country whose sales declined was Yemen.
The reason why they migrated to the nearby
why reason
islands is not clear.
97
Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns They refer to... Examples
Essential Relative Clause The Italians, who form the vast majority of
who
Clarification of what we’re people
population, are 15-59 year olds.
talking about (use comma)
Overgrazing represented the primary cause of
which/that things global land depletion, which accounted for
approximately 30% of land degradation.
The only country where the population declined
where places
Non-essential Relative Clause was Australia.
Extra information about the
The only period when mobile phones plummeted
noun (no comma)
when times
in demand was in December.
whose possession The only country whose sales declined was Yemen.
The reason why they migrated to the nearby
why reason
islands is not clear.
98
Combining Elements
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
I like to sleep in, but I can get up early if I have to go to work or meet up with my friends.
Even though pollution is increasing at an alarming rate, I believe that we can still improve the
health of our planet and reverse the environmental damage that has caused numerous ecosystems
to collapse.
Research has shown that people who consume meat have higher rates of disorders due to
cholesterol, which not only contributes to heart disease but also diabetes, high blood pressure
and a host of other problems, whereas plant-based foods have been shown to alleviate such
disorders.
Grammatical Range:
Punctuation
101
Conditional
Sentences
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
Conditional Use
103
Zero Conditional
Used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and
possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. In zero conditionals,
the word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.
105
Second Conditional
Used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These
sentences are used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result.
106
Third Conditional
Used to refer to a past situation that is contrary to reality. It refers to an unreal past
condition and its probable past result.
If you had studied harder you would have passed the exam.
107
Punctuation
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
, 3) Commas: Generally, use them whenever you hear a brief audible pause
C 5) Capitalization: Only capitalize words at the start of the sentence and proper nouns
; 6) Semicolons: Use them to join two independent clauses that are closely related in ideas
109
Commas
Commas can be very difficult to use in English. However, for the IELTS essays, these 4 rules
are the most relevant:
1. If the dependent clause comes before the independent clause, use a comma at the end
of the dependent clause
○ Even though junk food is unhealthy, many people consume it due to cheaper costs
2. Use comma before any coordinating conjunction that links two independent clauses
○ Teachers should be paid higher wages, because their work is of utmost importance.
2. For singular and plural nouns ending in “s” → apostrophe only (without “s”)
○ Ensuring job satisfaction of the employees is the boss’ responsibility.
○ The education of children is their teachers’ responsibility.
3. Months (January, February) and days of the week (Sunday, Monday) are treated as
proper nouns and are thus capitalized, but seasons (summer, winter) are not
○ After a sharp growth in March, the profit from banana sales plummeted in December
but recovered by the following summer.
4. Names of school subjects (math, algebra, geology, psychology) are not capitalized, with
the exception of the names of languages (French, English)
○ My favorite subjects in high school were Spanish and psychology.
112
Semicolons
Semicolons indicate an audible pause that is longer than a comma, but shorter than a period.
You probably will not need to use it in your essay, but here are the main rules, just in case:
1. Semicolon is usually used to link two independent clauses that are closely related
○ Some people write on computers; others prefer to write by hand.
3. Use a semicolon before words/terms like namely, however, therefore, that is, for example,
for instance, etc., when they introduce a complete sentence (followed by a comma)
○ Science is one of the most significant subjects; however, the arts are just as important.
The paragraph below contains 12 punctuation errors. Can you find them all?
Example
To begin with teaching children a foreign language in primary school, does have some
drawbacks; Namely, the shorter availability of time for other subjects and the delayed
development of the childs first language. learning another language can take away some
time from other subjects, such as Math and Science which are vital for higher education.
Additionally children may mix up the linguistic structure’s from the various languages,
resulting in a possible delay in the development of their native language! However, these
drawbacks are temporary and outweighed by the benefits that can be reaped from this
arrangement
114
Fix the Punctuation Errors
The paragraph below contains 12 punctuation errors. Can you find them all?
Example
To begin with, teaching children a foreign language in primary school does have some
drawbacks; namely, the shorter availability of time for other subjects and the delayed
development of the child’s first language. Learning another language can take away some
time from other subjects, such as math and science, which are vital for higher education.
Additionally, children may mix up the linguistic structures from the various languages,
resulting in a possible delay in the development of their native language. However, these
drawbacks are temporary and outweighed by the benefits that can be reaped from this
arrangement.
115
Writing Numbers
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
Correct: It was found that four Middle of sentence: Residents Incorrect: There was zero point
out of 10 students failed. aged 60 and above should eighty six inches of rain this
receive free medical insurance. month.
Incorrect: She has four sisters
aged six, eight, 13, and 17. Beginning of sentence: Seventy Correct: There was 0.86 inches
children came to the class trip of rain this month.
Correct: She has four sisters this year, but last year there
aged 6, 8, 13, and 17. were 90.
117
Writing Numbers
Dates Fractions Percentages
Dates are written in numerals. Always spell out simple Percentages should be written
Do not use ordinal numbers (i.e. fractions (use hyphens) in numerals (unless they appear
1st, 2nd, 3rd with full dates). at the beginning of a sentence)
Incorrect: School begins on Incorrect: About 1/3 of the Middle of sentence: According to
September 2nd, 2019. science class comes from Japan. the latest research, 63% of
professors live in the city.
Correct: School begins on Correct: About one-third of the
September 2, 2019. science class comes from Japan. Beginning of sentence: Eighty
and one-half percent of
students drive to school.
Whenever you are in doubt, it’s usually best to spell out the number in words
118
Lexical Resource
(Vocabulary)
The fourth ingredient in Writing Task 2
We have created an interactive list of IELTS vocabulary words for you on Quizlet.
Click here to get the interactive version: https://quizlet.com/class/8957279/
120
Basics
121
Useful Phrases
Lexical Resource: Writing Task 2
125
Topic Related
Vocabulary
Lexical Resource: Writing Task 2
Universities are great places for people to get an education, thanks to the knowledge of
their staff, well-designed agenda and spaces for studying different things.
Universities are great places for students to pursue higher education, thanks to the
knowledge of their faculty, well-designed course curriculums and research facilities for
varied disciplines.
Both sentences are saying the same thing, but this second sentence uses
topic-related vocabulary, which can only be used for discussing universities
127
Use Topic-Related Vocabulary
Read the two sentences below and decide which sounds better:
Museums are great places for people to get an education, thanks to the knowledge of their
staff, well-designed agenda and spaces for studying different things.
Universities are great places for students to pursue higher education, thanks to the
knowledge of their faculty, well-designed course curriculums and research facilities for
varied disciplines.
Limit the use of general vocabulary which can be used for other subjects. Instead, throw in
some topic-related vocabulary to show off your English (without overusing it).
128
Use Topic-Related Vocabulary Create vocabulary lists for
common topics
Obesity (n.) Kindergarten (n.) Global warming (n.p) Cultural values (n.p)
Eating Disorder (n.p) Post-graduate (n.p) To dump waste (coll.) Perceptions (n.)
To be on a diet (coll.) Syllabus (n.) Pollution (n.) Conformity (n.)
Overweight (adj.) Curriculum (n.) Clean energy (n.p) Ethnocentrism (n.)
Overeating (n.) Research facility (n.p) Burn fossil fuels (coll.) Segregation (n.)
Prescribe (v.) Diploma (n.) Natural resources (n.p) Diversity (n.)
Medical (adj.) Faculty (n.) Rainforests (n.) Ethnicity (n.)
Wellness (n.) Dissertation (n.) Deforestation (n.) Interdependence (n.)
Depression (n.) Scholarship (n.) Ecosystem (n.) Globalization (n.)
Nutrition (n.) Distance learning (n.p) Species (n.) Cultural heritage (n.p)
Dehydration (n.) Higher education (n.p) Biodiversity (n.) Etiquette (n.)
Sleep deprivation (n.p) Literacy/Illiteracy (n.) Habitat (n.) Residents (n.)
n. (noun) adj. (adjective) v. (verb) n.p. (noun phrase) coll. (collocation) 129
Use Topic-Related Vocabulary
Below is a list of the 20 most common topics that often appear on IELTS Writing Task 2.
You should practice the topic-related vocabulary for each of these 20 topics:
Lexical Resource:
Collocations
131
Collocations
Lexical Resource: Writing Task 2
The wrong version will immediately jump out to native speakers and show your
weak English.
Let’s look at some examples...
133
Use Collocations
Verb-Noun Collocations
1. There are some people who have a raised a question.
2. The government is giving priority to the issue of water quality in cities.
Verb-Adverb Collocations
1. Many customers have complained bitterly about the terrible service.
2. She apologised profusely after bumping into her boss and spilling his drink.
Adjective-Noun collocations
1. Due to the heavy snow overnight, all roads were blocked.
2. There is a strong possibility that ocean levels will rise due to climate change.
134
Use Collocations
Adverb-Adjective Collocations
1. I was utterly shocked by her bad behaviour.
2. It is incredibly stupid to drink and drive.
Noun-Noun Collocations
1. She got a round of applause after her performance.
2. It can be challenging to work in the service industry for several reasons.
have lunch have a good time Don’t learn new words in isolation!
Instead, learn them in “chunks.”
have a bath have a relationship
have a rest have a holiday
have a meeting have sympathy For example, instead of learning “have” and
“problem” separately, it’s much better to
have a haircut have a problem learn them as a ‘set’ - ‘have a problem.’
have a drink
As you can see, collocations can come in countless varieties. Therefore, the best way to
learn them is to immerse yourself in English by reading books, listening to audiobooks and
conversing with native speakers.
136
Next stop is…
Lexical Resource:
Word Formation
137
Word Formation
Lexical Resource: Writing Task 2
Root words cannot be Some root words have By adding a suffix to Not every word can be
broken down further suffixes; others don’t the root word, we can changed into every
change its word class word class
Example: Drinking alcohol makes the body weaker. → Drinking alcohol weakens the body.
140
How to Form Nouns
Note that ‘-ise’ is used in British English, whereas ‘-ize’ is used in American English.
Both spellings are accepted on the IELTS exam.
Some root words contain By adding a prefix to the root Not every prefix can be
prefixes; others don’t. word, you change its meaning applied to every word
Example: I do not agree with this view. → I disagree with this view.
144
How to Make New Words
149
Part 2: Recipe
Basic Strategy for Writing Task 2
155
How to Create
Outlines
Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
157
Template #1 Format of Outline
158
Agree/Disagree Outline - Template #1
160
Advantage/Disadvantage Outline - Template #2
161
Problem/Solution Outline - Template #1
You must discuss both sides. You Pro tip: Write the paragraph you disagree with
cannot pick just one side! first, so that you can refute it in the next
paragraph - this will make your essay flow better
163
Opinion Outline - Template #1
To what extent do you think laws are II. Critical for improving planet’s health
needed to make people recycle more 1. ↓ Env. pollution
2. Conserves natural resources
of their waste?
164
Two Parts Outline - Template #2
166
“I don’t know how to
come up with ideas”
Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
Example: Infants will not Example: Instead of harshly Example: If a child is punished,
understand what is happening punishing negative behavior, it will teach the child that it is
or why he or she is being children should be rewarded acceptable for larger people to
punished, because their brains for good behavior for positive hit smaller ones, which may
are underdeveloped. reinforcement. This kind of result in the child starting to
approach is more effective. bully others.
Use these 3 questions to outline your main ideas and supporting details
168
3 Questions for Generating Ideas
Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however,
believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Example: Once a child goes to Example: At school, children Example: If a child’s education
school, they are entering a will experience working with becomes the responsibility of
wider community where people from various parents alone, then children
teachers and peers will have backgrounds. This experience will miss out on the
just as much influence as their should teach them how to be opportunity to learn valuable
parents do at home. good members of society. lessons from others.
Use these 3 questions to outline your main ideas and supporting details
169
Next stop is…
How to Write
Introductions
170
How to Write
Introductions
Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
172
Template
1 State why the topic is 2 Write about recent 3 Write about the impact of
important development in the topic topic on daily life or society
Example: Every nation needs Example: In the last few years, Example: Volunteer work
citizens who display social numerous approaches to directly benefits the society by
commitment and actively work improve society and reinforce increasing the productivity of
to improve the community for the ties between community its residents and imparting
the welfare of its residents. members have taken root. valuable life skills.
174
Phrases for Starting Introductions
● Many/some people claim/opine/believe that...
● There is no denying/doubt that...
● It is often said that...
● These days.../ Nowadays...
● In this day and age...
● Recently,.../Lately,...
● In the last few years, ...
● It is universally accepted that...
● We live in an age when many of us are...
● People are divided in their opinion regarding...
● .... is one of the most important issues...
● Whether .... or .... is a controversial issue/subject...
175
How to Paraphrase
176
How to Write the Thesis
Some people believe that unpaid community service should be compulsory part of high school
programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching
sports to younger children). To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Position/Opinion
+ Main Ideas
I strongly agree with this view, because volunteering not only improves the
community as a whole but also builds valuable character traits.
178
How to Write
Introductions
Agree/Disagree: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Question Statement
Write about the following topic:
Some people believe that unpaid community service should be compulsory part of high school
programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching
sports to younger children).
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
181
Agree/Disagree Introduction
Paraphrase
182
Agree/Disagree Introduction
How to Write
Introductions for
Advantage/Disadvantage
Questions
185
How to Write
Introductions
Advantage/Disadvantage: Recipe for Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Question Statement
Write about the following topic:
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
187
Advantage/Disadvantage Introduction
Template
This general statement
1 Give general statement tells us about a recent
2 Paraphrase question statement development in the topic
3 State thesis (position + main ideas)
188
Advantage/Disadvantage Introduction
Paraphrase
189
Advantage/Disadvantage Introduction
192
How to Write
Introductions
Problem/Solution: Recipe for Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Question Statement
Write about the following topic:
In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and
fitness are decreasing.
What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measure could be taken to
solve them?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
194
Problem/Solution Introduction
Template
1 Give general statement This general statement tells us
2 Paraphrase question statement why the topic is important
3 State thesis (position + main ideas)
195
Problem/Solution Introduction
Paraphrase
196
Problem/Solution Introduction
199
How to Write
Introductions
Discuss/Opinion: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Question Statement
Write about the following topic:
Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of
sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and
that other measures are required.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
201
Discuss/Opinion Introduction
202
Discuss/Opinion Introduction
203
Discuss/Opinion Introduction
How to Write
Introductions for
Opinion Questions
206
How to Write
Introductions
Opinion: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Question Statement
Write about the following topic:
Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the
only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
208
Opinion Introduction
209
Opinion Introduction
210
Opinion Introduction
How to Write
Introductions for
Two-Parts Questions
213
How to Write
Introductions
Two Parts: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Question Statement
Write about the following topic:
Nowadays, the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Nowadays, the way many people interact with There is no doubt that technology has had
each other has changed because of technology.
a significant bearing on all facets of our life,
including work, education, and
Template communication.
1 Give general statement
2 Paraphrase question statement This general statement tells us
3 State thesis (position + main ideas) about the impact that this
topic has had on society
216
Two Parts Introduction
Nowadays, the way many people interact with There is no doubt that technology has had
each other has changed because of technology.
a significant bearing on all facets of our life,
including work, education, and
Template communication. This impact is particularly
1 Give general statement noticeable in modern-day relationships,
2 Paraphrase question statement which have been remarkably enhanced
3 State thesis (position + main ideas) through telephones, video-conferencing,
emails, and social media platforms.
217
Two Parts Introduction
Nowadays, the way many people interact with There is no doubt that technology has had
each other has changed because of technology.
a significant bearing on all facets of our life,
including work, education, and
Template communication. This impact is particularly
1 Give general statement noticeable in modern-day relationships,
2 Paraphrase question statement which have been remarkably enhanced
3 State thesis (position + main ideas) through telephones, video-conferencing,
emails, and social media platforms. This
Outline essay will explore how technology has
I. How technology shapes relationships
impacted our relationships and why this
1) Form new relationships has been a positive development.
⤷ Ex. → FB groups, forums, dating app
II. Pos. dev. Main ideas Position
1) Phones, email → brings us closer
⤷ Ex. → stay updated, work meetings
218
Two Parts Introduction
Nowadays, the way many people interact with There is no doubt that technology has had
each other has changed because of technology.
a significant bearing on all facets of our life,
including work, education, and
Template communication. This impact is particularly
1 Give general statement noticeable in modern-day relationships,
2 Paraphrase question statement which have been remarkably enhanced
3 State thesis (position + main ideas) through telephones, video-conferencing,
emails, and social media platforms. This
Outline essay will explore how technology has
I. How technology shapes relationships
impacted our relationships and why this
1) Form new relationships has been a positive development.
⤷ Ex. → FB groups, forums, dating app
II. Pos. dev.
1) Phones, email → brings us closer
⤷ Ex. → stay updated, work meetings
219
Next stop is…
220
How to Write Body
Paragraphs
Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
● Template #1 and Template #2 are both used in the examples that follow to
give you a better understanding of both methods
222
Specific General
Outline Template #1
I. Loss of cultural diversity 1 State main idea #1
1) Cultural artifacts will lose their value 2 Give 2 supporting details
2) It will prevent cultural learning 3 Explain detail #1
4 Explain detail #2
II. Loss of jobs for local people 5 Transition into next para (optional)
1) Decline in sales of local products
2) Decline in tourism
227
How to Explain Supporting Details
1 Why/Why not? 2 Example 3 Personal Experience
Example: A country's history, Example: An illustration of this Example: For instance, I once
language, and ethos are all so loss of heritage is visible in travelled to South Africa and
inextricably bound up in its India, where local citizens found that local artifacts were
manufactured artifacts that have replaced traditional near impossible to locate and I
buying a cultural item attires with western clothing, was instead forced to
non-locally would be devoid of like jeans, jackets, and t-shirts. purchase a generic souvenir
richness and meaning. devoid of cultural richness.
230
Next stop is…
231
How to Write Body
Paragraphs
Agree/Disagree: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Some people believe that unpaid community service should be compulsory part of high school
programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching
sports to younger children).
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Outline
I. Builds character
1) Adds new perspective
2) Builds work ethic
235
Agree/Disagree Body Para 1
Outline
I. Builds character
1) Adds new perspective
2) Builds work ethic
236
Agree/Disagree Body Para 1
237
Agree/Disagree Body Para 1
Outline
II. Improves community
1) Creates unity
2) Can inspire solutions to problems
239
Agree/Disagree Body Para 2
Outline
II. Improves community
1) Creates unity
2) Can inspire solutions to problems
240
Agree/Disagree Body Para 2
241
Agree/Disagree Body Para 2
244
How to Write Body
Paragraphs
Advantage/Disadvantage: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
246
Template #2
247
Advantage/Disadvantage Body Para 1
Outline
I. Dis.
1) Underperformance in math, science
⤷ Ex. → Digitalization → Job Security
248
Advantage/Disadvantage Body Para 1
249
Advantage/Disadvantage Body Para 1
Outline
II. Adv.
1) Cultural edu. → healthy social life
⤷ → happier state → more important
252
Advantage/Disadvantage Body Para 2
253
Advantage/Disadvantage Body Para 2
254
Advantage/Disadvantage Body Para 2
In regards to the disadvantages, the main drawback of teaching a foreign language at primary
school is that it may result in underperformance in other vital subjects. Subjects like math,
science and computer programming have real world applications, and allocating time away
from these subjects can lower our children’s employability in the future. For example,
digitalization is now displacing more and more jobs with automation, and as a result, many
favor scientific subjects over creative ones, in order to ensure their children’s job security.
However, although this is an understandable concern, this viewpoint undermines the true
value of bilingualism.
Knowing a foreign language will result in significant advantages to the child’s overall
development. One of the biggest benefits would be that children will learn to appreciate
other cultures from an early age. This is likely to lead to a healthy social life and improved
psychological and emotional state, which are far more vital than job security. In fact, research
proves that the level of one’s happiness and his/her income are directly correlated.
256
Next stop is…
257
How to Write Body
Paragraphs
Problem/Solution: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and
fitness are decreasing.
What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measure could be taken to
solve them?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
259
Template #1
Outline
I. Causes
1) Lack of time
2) Lack of money
261
Problem/Solution Body Para 1
Outline
I. Causes
1) Lack of time
2) Lack of money
262
Problem/Solution Body Para 1
263
Problem/Solution Body Para 1
Outline
II. Solutions → Government initiative
1) National campaigns
2) Subsidies
265
Problem/Solution Body Para 2
Outline
II. Solutions → Government initiative
1) National campaigns
2) Subsidies
266
Problem/Solution Body Para 2
267
Problem/Solution Body Para 2
In essence, the principal causes of obesity are two fold - the fast-paced modern lifestyle and
the poor economic condition endured by many. Firstly, a typical day of average working
people is marked by a substantial lack of time, which can cause them to prioritize convenience
and ease of accessibility over health. Alternatively, there are those who are unemployed or
underpaid and are forced to consume detrimental foods in an attempt to conserve their short
supply of funds.
Despite these challenges, it is possible to resolve this health crisis through educational
campaigns and government subsidies. National campaigns, which can be promoted through
social media and street outreach, have the power to educate people about the importance of
prioritizing their health over convenience and time-saving. Moreover, if the government were
to subsidize healthy foods, it would allow farmers to produce them at a cheaper cost and
lower the price for consumers as a result.
269
Next stop is…
270
How to Write Body
Paragraphs
Discuss/Opinion: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of
sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and
that other measures are required.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
272
Template #2
273
Discuss/Opinion Body Para 1
Outline
I. Benefits of more gyms
1) Easier accessibility
⤷ → increased motivation
274
Discuss/Opinion Body Para 1
275
Discuss/Opinion Body Para 1
276
Discuss/Opinion Body Para 1
Outline
II. Other measures are needed
1) Gov. initiatives
⤷ → education + help poor areas
278
Discuss/Opinion Body Para 2
1) Gov. initiatives
⤷ → education + help poor areas
279
Discuss/Opinion Body Para 2
It is true that this proposition does offer some benefits. For instance, if a sports facility was
established in every zip code of a city, people would find it quite convenient and time-efficient
to commute to the nearby gym and as a result would be more likely to work out. Additionally,
gym-goers may come into contact with other like-minded individuals who share similar health
goals, which could result in an increased motivation to exercise. However, despite these
benefits, merely increasing the number of gyms is not the ideal solution.
In my view, more effective strategies are needed to promote public health. The government
should take the initiative to promote healthy eating, because research has shown that food
plays a larger role in fitness than exercise. National campaigns should be launched to educate
people about their food choices and economic stability should be promoted in underserved
communities, since malnourishment rates tend to be the highest in poor areas. I believe that
these measures have the potential to have the most profound impact on public health.
282
Next stop is…
How to Write Body Paragraphs for
Opinion Questions
283
How to Write Body
Paragraphs
Opinion: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the
only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
285
Template #1
Outline
I. Many ignore recycling
1) People will take recycling seriously
2) Law → build good habits
287
Opinion Body Para 1
Outline
I. Many ignore recycling
1) People will take recycling seriously
2) Law → build good habits
288
Opinion Body Para 1
289
Opinion Body Para 1
Outline
II. Critical for improving planet health
1) ↓ Env. pollution
2) Conserves natural resources
291
Opinion Body Para 2
Outline
II. Critical for improving planet health
1) ↓ Env. pollution
2) Conserves natural resources
292
Opinion Body Para 2
293
Opinion Body Para 2
It is an unfortunate fact that many ignore recycling either out of ignorance or laziness;
however, legally enforcing this practice would compel residents to pay more attention to
recycling and result in the formation of positive behavior. Research has shown that punishing
negative behaviors with monetary penalties motivates people to correct their behavior in an
attempt to preserve their hard-earned funds. Moreover, consistently repeating the act of
recycling would reinforce it into a lifelong positive habit, which can inspire others to follow in
similar footsteps.
The opponents of this proposal should realize that our environment directly bears the burden
of any residents' negligence toward waste management. In recent years, we have witnessed
the collapse of ecosystems and depletion of natural resources. Recycling regulations would
ensure that hazardous waste like chemicals and plastics do not upset any ecosystems or
endanger any marine or terrestrial species. Additionally, if people recycled their waste, it
would result in the conservation of natural resources like trees, which are routinely cut down
to produce our everyday items like paper and rubber. 295
Next stop is…
296
How to Write Body
Paragraphs
Two Parts: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Nowadays, the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
299
Two Parts Body Para 1
Outline
I. How technology shapes relationships
1) Form new relationships
⤷ Ex. → FB groups, forums, dating app
300
Two Parts Body Para 1
Outline
I. How technology shapes relationships
1) Form new relationships
⤷ Ex. → FB groups, forums, dating app
301
Two Parts Body Para 1
302
Two Parts Body Para 1
Outline
II. Pos. dev.
1. Phones, email → brings us closer
⤷ Ex. → stay updated, work meetings
304
Two Parts Body Para 2
Outline
II. Pos. dev.
1. Phones, email → brings us closer
⤷ Ex. → stay updated, work meetings
305
Two Parts Body Para 2
306
Two Parts Body Para 2
Transition + Position
307
Two Parts: Body Paragraphs
Modern technology has shaped our relationships in a myriad of ways. Social media platforms
have enabled us to not only maintain ties with the people in our lives, but also to form new
relationships. For example, we can now meet like-minded people through Facebook groups
and online forums, and even meet potential mates through dating applications. In fact, I have
found three of my business partners on LinkedIn and I first met my wife through a
matrimonial website, so it is evident that technology has had a positive influence on our
relationships.
Perhaps the most constructive contribution of technology to relationships has been to bring
people closer to each other, irrespective of physical distances. Phones, emails and social
media have allowed us to exchange information at phenomenal speeds. For example, we can
now stay updated with the daily ongoings of our loved ones, conduct business meetings over
Skype or collaborate remotely via task management software. All of these possibilities have
enhanced personal relationships and increased work productivity.
308
Next stop is…
309
How to Write
Conclusions
Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
311
Template
314
How to Write
Conclusions
Agree/Disagree: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Some people believe that unpaid community service should be compulsory part of high school
programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching
sports to younger children).
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Every nation needs citizens who display social commitment and actively work to improve the community
for the welfare of its residents. Since students are the nation’s future, some people have argued that
volunteer work should be a mandatory part of the school curriculum. I strongly agree with this view,
because volunteering not only improves the community as a whole but also builds valuable character traits.
First and foremost, community service develops strong-charactered individuals by exposing them to new
perspectives and encouraging a healthy work ethic. I recall that when I volunteered to clean up the trash in
my high school, I gained an immense appreciation for the arduous work that janitors went through each
day to keep our school tidy. Witnessing such labor with which society members improve our society can
impart valuable lessons about hard work, commitment, and meeting goals and deadlines.
Moreover, volunteering actively improves one's community as a whole. It serves as a bridge that connects
community members with each other and can inspire solutions to community problems. In my experience,
the volunteering program at my high school allowed me to form lifelong friendships with fellow volunteers,
which has strengthened my relationship with my neighborhood. It is also worth noting that such exposure
can put students in touch with the obstacles their community faces, which can inspire them to choose a
significant line of work that directly benefits their community.
317
Agree/Disagree Conclusion
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
318
Agree/Disagree Conclusion
319
Full Essay (294 words)
Every nation needs citizens who display social commitment and actively work to improve the community for the welfare
of its residents. Since students are the nation’s future, some people have argued that volunteer work should be a
mandatory part of the school curriculum. I strongly agree with this view, because volunteering not only improves the
community as a whole but also builds valuable character traits.
First and foremost, community service develops strong-charactered individuals by exposing them to new perspectives
and encouraging a healthy work ethic. I recall that when I volunteered to clean up the trash in my high school, I gained
an immense appreciation for the arduous work that janitors went through each day to keep our school tidy. Witnessing
such labor with which society members improve our society can impart valuable lessons about hard work, commitment,
and meeting goals and deadlines.
Moreover, volunteering actively improves one's community as a whole. It serves as a bridge that connects community
members with each other and can inspire solutions to community problems. In my experience, the volunteering
program at my high school allowed me to form lifelong friendships with fellow volunteers, which has strengthened my
relationship with my neighborhood. It is also worth noting that such exposure can put students in touch with the
obstacles their community faces, which can inspire them to choose a significant line of work that directly benefits their
community.
To sum up, teenagers should be made to partake in volunteer work as part of their high school curriculum, since it will
build strong character traits while simultaneously progressing the community. As a firm believer in this approach, I
suggest that every high school across the nation should take this proposal into serious consideration and implement it
into their school agenda.
320
Next stop is…
321
How to Write
Conclusions
Advantage/Disadvantage: Recipe for Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
323
Our Answer So Far...
A growing number of parents are enrolling their children in foreign language classes for well-rounded
linguistic development. In this regard, some educators propose that primary school is the best place for
learning another language instead of secondary school. This essay will explore both, the advantages and
disadvantages of this proposal, and demonstrate why its proponents are correct.
In regards to the disadvantages, the main drawback of teaching a foreign language at primary school is that
it may result in underperformance in other vital subjects. Subjects like math, science and computer
programming have real world applications, and allocating time away from these subjects can lower our
children’s employability in the future. For example, digitalization is now displacing more and more jobs with
automation, and as a result, many favor scientific subjects over creative ones, in order to ensure their
children’s job security. However, although this is an understandable concern, this viewpoint undermines
the true value of bilingualism.
Knowing a foreign language will result in significant advantages to the child’s overall development. One of
the biggest benefits would be that children will learn to appreciate other cultures from an early age. This is
likely to lead to a healthy social life and improved psychological and emotional state, which are far more
vital than job security. In fact, research proves that the level of one’s happiness and his/her income are
directly correlated. 324
Advantage/Disadvantage Conclusion
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
325
Advantage/Disadvantage Conclusion
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
326
Full Essay (272 Words)
A growing number of parents are enrolling their children in foreign language classes for well-rounded linguistic
development. In this regard, some educators propose that primary school is the best place for learning another
language instead of secondary school. This essay will explore both, the advantages and disadvantages of this
proposal, and demonstrate why its proponents are correct.
In regards to the disadvantages, the main drawback of teaching a foreign language at primary school is that it may
result in underperformance in other vital subjects. Subjects like math, science and computer programming have
real world applications, and allocating time away from these subjects can lower our children’s employability in the
future. For example, digitalization is now displacing more and more jobs with automation, and as a result, many
favor scientific subjects over creative ones, in order to ensure their children’s job security. However, although this is
an understandable concern, this viewpoint undermines the true value of bilingualism.
Knowing a foreign language will result in significant advantages to the child’s overall development. One of the
biggest benefits would be that children will learn to appreciate other cultures from an early age. This is likely to
lead to a healthy social life and improved psychological and emotional state, which are far more vital than job
security. In fact, research proves that the level of one’s happiness and his/her income are directly correlated.
In conclusion, while studying a foreign language in primary school does have some drawbacks, they are temporary
and outweighed by the significant benefits of this approach, which is why I would urge school boards to introduce
foreign language classes as early as possible.
327
Next stop is…
328
How to Write
Conclusions
Problem/Solution: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and
fitness are decreasing.
What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measure could be taken to
solve them?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
330
Our Answer So Far...
Maintaining optimal health is crucial for living a healthy lifestyle and avoiding diseases and disorders.
Unfortunately, some nations are now witnessing an increase in the average weight of their population and
a decline in their health and well-being. This essay will highlight the principal causes of these issues and
possible solutions to resolve them.
In essence, the principal causes of obesity are two fold - the fast-paced modern lifestyle and the poor
economic condition endured by many. Firstly, a typical day of average working people is marked by a
substantial lack of time, which can cause them to prioritize convenience and ease of accessibility over
health. Alternatively, there are those who are unemployed or underpaid and are forced to consume
detrimental foods in an attempt to conserve their short supply of funds.
Despite these challenges, it is possible to resolve this health crisis through educational campaigns and
government subsidies. National campaigns, which can be promoted through social media and street
outreach, have the power to educate people about the importance of prioritizing their health over
convenience and time-saving. Moreover, if the government were to subsidize healthy foods, it would allow
farmers to produce them at a cheaper cost and lower the price for consumers as a result.
331
Problem/Solution Conclusion
Main ideas
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
332
Problem/Solution Conclusion
333
Full Essay (257 Words)
Maintaining optimal health is crucial for living a healthy lifestyle and avoiding diseases and disorders.
Unfortunately, some nations are now witnessing an increase in the average weight of their population and a decline
in their health and well-being. This essay will highlight the principal causes of these issues and possible solutions to
resolve them.
In essence, the principal causes of obesity are two fold - the fast-paced modern lifestyle and the poor economic
condition endured by many. Firstly, a typical day of average working people is marked by a substantial lack of time,
which can cause them to prioritize convenience and ease of accessibility over health. Alternatively, there are those
who are unemployed or underpaid and are forced to consume detrimental foods in an attempt to conserve their
short supply of funds.
Despite these challenges, it is possible to resolve this health crisis through educational campaigns and government
subsidies. National campaigns, which can be promoted through social media and street outreach, have the power to
educate people about the importance of prioritizing their health over convenience and time-saving. Moreover, if
the government were to subsidize healthy foods, it would allow farmers to produce them at a cheaper cost and
lower the price for consumers as a result.
To conclude, although many nations are currently experiencing declining health, such challenges can be resolved
with careful planning. I would advise the food and health administrations of nations facing such issues to allocate a
significant portion of taxpayer funds to improve the well-being of their citizens through educational campaigns and
subsidies.
334
Next stop is…
335
How to Write
Conclusions
Discuss/Opinion: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of
sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and
that other measures are required.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
337
Our Answer So Far...
In many nations, the average weight of people is increasing, and their level of well-being is declining. In this
regard, it is proposed that expanding the number of gyms is the most effective way to boost the health of the
general public, although many disagree and contend that other measures are needed. In my opinion, the
proposal of expanding the number of gyms is an insufficient measure; however, this essay will explore both
aspects of this discussion.
It is true that this proposition does offer some benefits. For instance, if a sports facility was established in every
zip code of a city, people would find it quite convenient and time-efficient to commute to the nearby gym and as
a result would be more likely to work out. Additionally, gym-goers may come into contact with other
like-minded individuals who share similar health goals, which could result in an increased motivation to
exercise. However, despite these benefits, merely increasing the number of gyms is not the ideal solution.
In my view, more effective strategies are needed to promote public health. The government should take the
initiative to promote healthy eating, because research has shown that food plays a larger role in fitness than
exercise. National campaigns should be launched to educate people about their food choices and economic
stability should be promoted in underserved communities, since malnourishment rates tend to be the highest
in poor areas. I believe that these measures have the potential to have the most profound impact on public
health.
338
Discuss/Opinion Conclusion
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
339
Discuss/Opinion Conclusion
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
340
Full Essay (288 Words)
In many nations, the average weight of people is increasing, and their level of well-being is declining. In this regard,
it is proposed that expanding the number of gyms is the most effective way to boost the health of the general
public, although many disagree and contend that other measures are needed. In my opinion, the proposal of
expanding the number of gyms is an insufficient measure; however, this essay will explore both aspects of this
discussion.
It is true that this proposition does offer some benefits. For instance, if a sports facility was established in every zip
code of a city, people would find it quite convenient and time-efficient to commute to the nearby gym and as a
result would be more likely to work out. Additionally, gym-goers may come into contact with other like-minded
individuals who share similar health goals, which could result in an increased motivation to exercise. However,
despite these benefits, merely increasing the number of gyms is not the ideal solution.
In my view, more effective strategies are needed to promote public health. The government should take the
initiative to promote healthy eating, because research has shown that food plays a larger role in fitness than
exercise. National campaigns should be launched to educate people about their food choices and economic stability
should be promoted in underserved communities, since malnourishment rates tend to be the highest in poor areas.
I believe that these measures have the potential to have the most profound impact on public health.
All things considered, while increasing the number of gyms would have some benefits, it would be an inadequate
measure. I would advise health committees to instead focus on exploring more effective measures, such as
education and incentivization.
341
Next stop is…
How
Conc to Write
Opini lusions fo
on Qu r
estion
s
342
How to Write
Conclusions
Opinion: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the
only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
344
Our Answer So Far...
The growing pollution and the resulting environmental concerns have stirred a crucial debate. Some
environmentalists claim that due to public's negligence towards proper waste disposal, recycling should be
legally enforced. I strongly agree with this proposal, since a legal mandate will compel citizens to take
recycling more seriously and result in the recovery of our planet’s health.
It is an unfortunate fact that many ignore recycling either out of ignorance or laziness; however, legally
enforcing this practice would compel residents to pay more attention to recycling and result in the
formation of positive behavior. Research has shown that punishing negative behaviors with monetary
penalties motivates people to correct their behavior in an attempt to preserve their hard-earned funds.
Moreover, consistently repeating the act of recycling would reinforce it into a lifelong positive habit, which
can inspire others to follow in similar footsteps.
The opponents of this proposal should realize that our environment directly bears the burden of any
residents' negligence toward waste management. In recent years, we have witnessed the collapse of
ecosystems and depletion of natural resources. Recycling regulations would ensure that hazardous waste
like chemicals and plastics do not upset any ecosystems or endanger any marine or terrestrial species.
Additionally, if people recycled their waste, it would result in the conservation of natural resources like
trees, which are routinely cut down to produce our everyday items like paper and rubber. 345
Opinion Conclusion
Main ideas
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
346
Opinion Conclusion
347
Full Essay (288 Words)
The growing pollution and the resulting environmental concerns have stirred a crucial debate. Some
environmentalists claim that due to public's negligence towards proper waste disposal, recycling should be legally
enforced. I strongly agree with this proposal, since a legal mandate will compel citizens to take recycling more
seriously and result in the recovery of our planet’s health.
It is an unfortunate fact that many ignore recycling either out of ignorance or laziness; however, legally enforcing
this practice would compel residents to pay more attention to recycling and result in the formation of positive
behavior. Research has shown that punishing negative behaviors with monetary penalties motivates people to
correct their behavior in an attempt to preserve their hard-earned funds. Moreover, consistently repeating the act
of recycling would reinforce it into a lifelong positive habit, which can inspire others to follow in similar footsteps.
The opponents of this proposal should realize that our environment directly bears the burden of any residents'
negligence toward waste management. In recent years, we have witnessed the collapse of ecosystems and
depletion of natural resources. Recycling regulations would ensure that hazardous waste like chemicals and
plastics do not upset any ecosystems or endanger any marine or terrestrial species. Additionally, if people recycled
their waste, it would result in the conservation of natural resources like trees, which are routinely cut down to
produce our everyday items like paper and rubber.
All in all, I firmly believe that recycling should be mandated by law and enforced with hefty fines to encourage the
public to take recycling seriously and aid in the recovery of our planet's health. I would suggest the government to
make this legislation a top priority and urgently implement it for the benefit of all.
348
Next stop is…
349
How to Write
Conclusions
Two Parts: Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
WRITING TASK 2
Nowadays, the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
There is no doubt that technology has had a significant bearing on all facets of our life, including work,
education, and communication. This impact is particularly noticeable in modern-day relationships, which have
been remarkably enhanced through telephones, video-conferencing, emails, and social media platforms. This
essay will explore how technology has impacted our relationships and why this has been a positive
development.
Modern technology has shaped our relationships in a myriad of ways. Social media platforms have enabled us
to not only maintain ties with the people in our lives, but also to form new relationships. For example, we can
now meet like-minded people through Facebook groups and online forums, and even meet potential mates
through dating applications. In fact, I have found three of my business partners on LinkedIn and I first met my
wife through a matrimonial website, so it is evident that technology has had a positive influence on our
relationships.
Perhaps the most constructive contribution of technology to relationships has been to bring people closer to
each other, irrespective of physical distances. Phones, emails and social media have allowed us to exchange
information at phenomenal speeds. For example, we can now stay updated with the daily ongoings of our loved
ones, conduct business meetings over Skype or collaborate remotely via task management software. All of
these possibilities have enhanced personal relationships and increased work productivity.
352
Two Parts Conclusion
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
353
Two Parts Conclusion
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
354
Full Essay (273 Words)
There is no doubt that technology has had a significant bearing on all facets of our life, including work, education,
and communication. This impact is particularly noticeable in modern-day relationships, which have been
remarkably enhanced through telephones, video-conferencing, emails, and social media platforms. This essay will
explore how technology has impacted our relationships and why this has been a positive development.
Modern technology has shaped our relationships in a myriad of ways. Social media platforms have enabled us to not
only maintain ties with the people in our lives, but also to form new relationships. For example, we can now meet
like-minded people through Facebook groups and online forums, and even meet potential mates through dating
applications. In fact, I have found three of my business partners on LinkedIn and I first met my wife through a
matrimonial website, so it is evident that technology has had a positive influence on our relationships.
Perhaps the most constructive contribution of technology to relationships has been to bring people closer to each
other, irrespective of physical distances. Phones, emails and social media have allowed us to exchange information
at phenomenal speeds. For example, we can now stay updated with the daily ongoings of our loved ones, conduct
business meetings over Skype or collaborate remotely via task management software. All of these possibilities
have enhanced personal relationships and increased work productivity.
In summary, technology has had a significant impact on every aspect of our relationships and has enhanced our
social ties by bridging the distance between people. As such, we should embrace the role of technology in our lives
and encourage new developments in this field.
355
Next stop is…
356
Check Your Essay
Recipe for IELTS Writing Task 2
● Ideally, you should have 5 minutes left over for checking your work
“To help child learn the difference between right and wrong teachers and parents should
provide first good role modelling in their own behevior.”
“To help a child learn the difference between right and wrong, teachers and parents should
first provide good role modelling in their own behavior.”
358
To Check or Not to Check
5 minutes is short amount of time. You should not check the elements which take too long
to find or fix (unless you have extra time). Focus on correcting small errors.
Employees get job satisfaction in number of ways. Firstly a person need to feel
that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback with superiors
is very importance in this respect. A sense of fulfilling is also encouraged if an
worker feel the is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the
economy as a whole. Secondly, the amount right of challenge are also important
for enjoying ones work. when someone feels they are improving or developing
their skills at training opurtunities, there is a sense of progression and purpose
that rewards a worker.
362
Practice Question 1
Cooking: Real exam question answered in real-time
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on gender
equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and female
students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender would undermine
national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents of
skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class simply to
maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their graduation and
employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal would undermine the
importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more on their gender for acceptance
into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality. Many
deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students to pursue
further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to disqualify them from a
class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can easily demotivate students as
they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because focusing
on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students. As such, I
strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
364
Breakdown of
Strategy
Practice Question 1: Cooking for Writing Task 2
Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words. Choose ONE side only! You can partly agree, but it’s easier to
just simplify it and pick one side
367
Outline
368
Introduction
Universities should accept equal numbers of The subject of male to female student ratio
male and female students in every subject. in university classes has been a trending
topic in recent debates on gender equality.
Template
This general statement tells us
1 Give general statement
about the recent development
2 Paraphrase question statement related to the topic
3 State thesis (position + main ideas)
369
Introduction
Universities should accept equal numbers of The subject of male to female student ratio
male and female students in every subject. in university classes has been a trending
topic in recent debates on gender equality.
Template
This general statement tells us
1 Give general statement
about the recent development
2 Paraphrase question statement related to the topic
3 State thesis (position + main ideas)
370
Introduction
Universities should accept equal numbers of The subject of male to female student ratio
male and female students in every subject. in university classes has been a trending
topic in recent debates on gender equality.
In this regard, it is proposed that university
Template seats should be equally allocated between
1 Give general statement male and female students for every course.
2 Paraphrase question statement
3 State thesis (position + main ideas)
371
Introduction
Universities should accept equal numbers of The subject of male to female student ratio
male and female students in every subject. in university classes has been a trending
topic in recent debates on gender equality.
In this regard, it is proposed that university
Template seats should be equally allocated between
1 Give general statement male and female students for every course.
2 Paraphrase question statement
3 State thesis (position + main ideas)
Outline
I. Undermine national progress
1) Wasting talents/time
2) Lead to underperformance
II. Create inequality
1) Deprive deserving students
2) Demotivate students
372
Introduction
Universities should accept equal numbers of The subject of male to female student ratio
male and female students in every subject. in university classes has been a trending
topic in recent debates on gender equality.
In this regard, it is proposed that university
Template seats should be equally allocated between
1 Give general statement male and female students for every course.
2 Paraphrase question statement
However, I strongly disagree with this
3 State thesis (position + main ideas)
view, because focusing on gender would
undermine national progress and lead to
Outline inequality towards well-qualified students.
I. Undermine national progress
1) Wasting talents/time
2) Lead to underperformance
II. Create inequality
1) Deprive deserving students
2) Demotivate students
373
Our Essay So Far...
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on gender
equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and female
students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender would undermine
national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
374
Body Para 1
Outline
I. Undermine national progress
1) Wasting talents/time
2) Lead to underperformance
375
Body Para 1
Outline
I. Undermine national progress
1) Wasting talents/time
2) Lead to underperformance
376
Body Para 1
Outline
I. Undermine national progress
1) Wasting talents/time
2) Lead to underperformance
377
Body Para 1
378
Body Para 1
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on gender
equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and female
students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender would undermine
national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents of
skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class simply to
maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their graduation and
employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal would undermine the
importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more on their gender for acceptance
into university classes than their competence.
380
Body Para 2
Outline
II. Create inequality
1) Deprive deserving students
2) Demotivate students
381
Body Para 2
Outline
II. Create inequality
1) Deprive deserving students
2) Demotivate students
382
Body Para 2
Outline
II. Create inequality
1) Deprive deserving students
2) Demotivate students
383
Body Para 2
384
Body Para 2
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on gender
equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and female
students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender would undermine
national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents of
skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class simply to
maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their graduation and
employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal would undermine the
importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more on their gender for acceptance
into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality. Many
deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students to pursue
further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to disqualify them from a
class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can easily demotivate students as
they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
386
Conclusion
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
387
Conclusion
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
388
Full Essay (286 Words)
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on gender
equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and female
students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender would undermine
national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents of
skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class simply to
maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their graduation and
employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal would undermine the
importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more on their gender for acceptance
into university classes than their competence. Paragraphing/spacing
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality. Many
deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students to pursue
further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to disqualify them from a
class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can easily demotivate students as
they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because focusing
on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students. As such, I
strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
389
Breakdown of Ingredients for
Practice Question 1
390
Breakdown of
Ingredients
Practice Question 1: Cooking for Writing Task 2
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on
gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and
female students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender would
undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents of
skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class simply
to maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their graduation and
employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal would
undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more on their
gender for acceptance into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality.
Many deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students
to pursue further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to
disqualify them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can
easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because
focusing on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students.
As such, I strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
392
Cohesive Devices
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on
gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and
female students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender would
undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents of
skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class simply
to maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their graduation and
employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal would
undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more on their
gender for acceptance into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality.
Many deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students
to pursue further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to
disqualify them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can
easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because
focusing on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students.
As such, I strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
393
Coordinating Conjunctions (Compound Sentences)
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on
gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and
female students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender
would undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents
of skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class
simply to maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their
graduation and employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal
would undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more
on their gender for acceptance into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality.
Many deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students
to pursue further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to
disqualify them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can
easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because
focusing on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students.
As such, I strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
These don’t form compound sentences. Instead, they form complex verb phrases, so use them too! 394
Subordinating Conjunctions (Complex Sentences)
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on
gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male
and female students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender
would undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents
of skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class
simply to maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their
graduation and employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal
would undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more
on their gender for acceptance into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality.
Many deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students
to pursue further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to
disqualify them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can
easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because
focusing on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students.
As such, I strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
395
Relative Pronouns
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on
gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male
and female students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender
would undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents
of skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class
simply to maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their
graduation and employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal
would undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more
on their gender for acceptance into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality.
Many deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students
to pursue further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to
disqualify them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can
easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because
focusing on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students.
As such, I strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
396
Voice
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on
gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and
female students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender
would undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents
of skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class
simply to maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their
graduation and employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal
would undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more
on their gender for acceptance into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality.
Many deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students
to pursue further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to
disqualify them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can
easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because
focusing on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students.
As such, I strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
Active Voice . Passive Voice . 397
Tenses
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on
gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and
female students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender
would undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents
of skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class
simply to maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their
graduation and employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal
would undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more
on their gender for acceptance into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality.
Many deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students
to pursue further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to
disqualify them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can
easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because
focusing on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students.
As such, I strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
. Present Simple . . Present Perfect . . Future Simple . . Modal Tenses . 398
Collocations
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on
gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male
and female students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender
would undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents
of skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class
simply to maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their
graduation and employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal
would undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more
on their gender for acceptance into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality.
Many deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students
to pursue further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to
disqualify them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can
easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because
focusing on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students.
As such, I strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
strongly urge + urge school boards + school boards across + across our nation + urge to reject + reject such proposals 399
Vocabulary
The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending topic in recent debates on
gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university seats should be equally allocated between male and
female students for every course. However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender
would undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.
To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation by wasting the talents
of skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform. Disqualifying deserving students from a class
simply to maintain the set ratio of male to female students will waste their precious time and delay their
graduation and employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a proposal
would undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance as students learn to rely more
on their gender for acceptance into university classes than their competence.
Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a new form of inequality.
Many deserving students would be deprived of equal educational opportunity and this can demotivate students
to pursue further education. Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to
disqualify them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such injustice can
easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or begin to doubt their abilities.
In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and female students, because
focusing on gender would undermine national progress and result in inequality towards well-qualified students.
As such, I strongly urge school boards across our nation to reject such proposals.
. Vocabulary from Question . . New Vocabulary . You’ll only score points for vocabulary by using new words 400
Next stop is…
Practice Question 2 in
Real-Time
401
Practice Question 2
Cooking: Real exam question answered in real-time
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. It is my view that both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children,
and as such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. Therefore, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
403
Breakdown of
Strategy
Practice Question 2: Cooking for Writing Task 2
Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others
believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful
adults.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
406
Outline
I. Benefits of competition
Some people think that a sense of
1. Push their boundaries
competition in children should be
⤷ Ex. → Soccer
encouraged. Others believe that children
who are taught to co-operate rather than II. Benefits of cooperation
compete become more useful adults. 1. Teamwork
⤷ Ex. → Brainstorming projects
Discuss both these views and give your
own opinion.
407
Introduction
Some people think that a sense of competition in There are many competing views on the
children should be encouraged. Others believe that pedagogy of raising children.
children who are taught to co-operate rather than
compete become more useful adults.
408
Introduction
Some people think that a sense of competition in The subject of male to female student ratio
children should be encouraged. Others believe that in university classes has been a trending
children who are taught to co-operate rather than
topic in recent debates on gender equality.
compete become more useful adults.
409
Introduction
Some people think that a sense of competition in There are many competing views on the
children should be encouraged. Others believe that pedagogy of raising children. In this regard,
children who are taught to co-operate rather than
some educators believe that encouraging
compete become more useful adults.
children to compete is most beneficial to
their development, whereas others argue
Template
in favor of teaching cooperation.
1 Give general statement
2 Paraphrase question statement
3 State thesis (position + main ideas)
410
Introduction
Some people think that a sense of competition in There are many competing views on the
children should be encouraged. Others believe that pedagogy of raising children. In this regard,
children who are taught to co-operate rather than
some educators believe that encouraging
compete become more useful adults.
children to compete is most beneficial to
their development, whereas others argue
Template
in favor of teaching cooperation.
1 Give general statement
2 Paraphrase question statement
3 State thesis (position + main ideas)
Outline
I. Benefits of competition
1) Push their boundaries
⤷ Ex. → Soccer
II. Benefits of cooperation
1) Teamwork
⤷ Ex. → Brainstorming projects 411
Introduction
Some people think that a sense of competition in There are many competing views on the
children should be encouraged. Others believe that pedagogy of raising children. In this regard,
children who are taught to co-operate rather than
some educators believe that encouraging
compete become more useful adults.
children to compete is most beneficial to
their development, whereas others argue
Template
in favor of teaching cooperation. It is my
1 Give general statement
view that both skills are essential to the
2 Paraphrase question statement
3 State thesis (position + main ideas) well-rounded development of children, and
as such, this essay will explore both facets
Outline of this debate and show why both are
I. Benefits of competition necessary.
1) Push their boundaries
⤷ Ex. → Soccer
II. Benefits of cooperation
1) Teamwork
⤷ Ex. → Brainstorming projects 412
Our Essay So Far...
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. It is my view that both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children,
and as such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
413
Body Para 1
Outline
I. Benefits of competition
1) Push their boundaries
⤷ Ex. → Soccer
414
Body Para 1
Outline
I. Benefits of competition
1) Push their boundaries
⤷ Ex. → Soccer
415
Body Para 1
Outline
I. Benefits of competition
1) Push their boundaries
⤷ Ex. → Soccer
416
Body Para 1
Outline
I. Benefits of competition
1) Push their boundaries
⤷ Ex. → Soccer
417
Body Para 1
418
Body Para 1
419
Our Essay So Far...
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. It is my view that both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children,
and as such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
420
Body Para 2
Outline
II. Benefits of cooperation
1) Teamwork
⤷ Ex. → Brainstorming projects
421
Body Para 2
Outline
II. Benefits of cooperation
1) Teamwork
⤷ Ex. → Brainstorming projects
422
Body Para 2
Outline
II. Benefits of cooperation
1) Teamwork
⤷ Ex. → Brainstorming projects
423
Body Para 2
Outline
II. Benefits of cooperation
1) Teamwork
⤷ Ex. → Brainstorming projects
424
Body Para 2
425
Body Para 2
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. It is my view that both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children,
and as such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves as important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
427
Conclusion
Main ideas
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
428
Conclusion
Main ideas
Template
1 Summarize main points/restate thesis
2 Give suggestion or recommendation
429
Full Essay (265 Words)
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. It is my view that both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children,
and as such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. Therefore, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
430
Full Essay (265 Words)
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. It is my view that both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children,
and as such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate. Paragraphing/spacing
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. Therefore, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
‘Softener words’ to avoid overgeneralization
431
Next stop is…
432
Breakdown of
Ingredients
Practice Question 2: Cooking for Writing Task 2
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. In my view, both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children, and as
such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. As a result, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
434
Cohesive Devices
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. In my view, both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children, and as
such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. As a result, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
435
Coordinating Conjunctions (Compound Sentences)
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. In my view, both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children, and as
such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. As a result, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
These don’t form compound sentences. Instead, they form complex verb phrases, so use them too! 436
Subordinating Conjunctions (Complex Sentences)
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. In my view, both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children, and as
such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. As a result, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
437
Relative Pronouns
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. In my view, both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children, and as
such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. As a result, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
438
Voice
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. In my view, both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children, and as
such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. As a result, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. In my view, both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children, and as
such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. As a result, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor of
teaching cooperation. In my view, both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children, and as
such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments, and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. As a result, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
advise schools to introduce + introduce a wide range + a wide range of activities + activities that incorporate + ... 441
Vocabulary
There are many competing views on the pedagogy of raising children. In this regard, some educators believe
that encouraging children to compete is most beneficial to their development, whereas others argue in favor
of teaching cooperation. In my view, both skills are essential to the well-rounded development of children, and
as such, this essay will explore both facets of this debate and show why both are necessary.
Teaching competition serves an important role in kids’ development. A competitive attitude can compel
children to push beyond their current limitations. For example, in my childhood, it was the drive to be better
than the competing team at soccer that motivated me and my team to put in extra hours of practice, which
eventually led to our victory in many soccer tournaments, and helped us to discover our athletic potential. Let
us now turn to the other side of this debate.
No less important is the role of teaching students to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation can prepare
students to be good team players and understand the value of other people’s perspectives. For example, I
remember that in my early childhood education, our teachers assigned us projects in which all the kids were
required to collectively brainstorm solutions to various problems. As a result, we were able to solve puzzles
faster and accelerate our learning.
In summary, a healthy balance of both, competition and cooperation, is vital for the well-rounded maturation
of children. As a result, I would advise schools to introduce a wide range of activities that incorporate both
these essential skills into their teaching curriculum.
. Vocabulary from Question . . New Vocabulary . You’ll only score points for vocabulary by using new words 442
Next stop is…
443
Final Tips
What to do before your exam…
446
What things to bring for the IELTS exam?
● Stationary items
○ Carry your own pencils, sharpener, erasers and pens (ballpoint pen with
black/blue ink) in case your test center does not provide them
● Water bottle (optional)
○ Should be transparent without any writing or labels on it
○ Not allowed in some test centers. In this case, a water facility will most probably
be available.
● Snacks (optional)
○ Not allowed in the test room, but you can eat while waiting to go into the
examination hall (sometimes, it can be a long wait)
448
The Day of the Test
● Confirm that you have everything you need to take with you to the test
● Be on time
○ Aim to get to your test center at least 30 minutes before your test
○ If you arrive after the test starts, you will not be allowed to take the test
● Go to the bathroom
○ Use the restroom before leaving your house
449
Right Before the Test
● Gotta pee?
○ Use bathroom before the test, as there are no bathroom breaks in the exam.
○ To use the restroom during the test, raise your hand to ask the examiner.
○ Don’t go during your listening test, because the listening test will not stop and
you will miss the answers (and get a lower score as a result).
○ If you must, then go to the toilet during your reading or writing test.
● Stay calm and positive
○ It’s normal to feel nervous before an exam, just relax and do your best
○ Focus on deep breathing to calm your nerves and reduce your anxiety
○ If possible, stretch your arms and legs to get your blood flowing.
450
We have arrived!
451
Congratulations!
452
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453