Integrals of Exponential Functions

𝑢
𝑎
න 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒𝑢 +𝐶 න 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶
ln 𝑎
1. Example: ‫ 𝑒 ׬‬7𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Example: ‫ ׬‬83𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 7𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 7𝑑𝑥 𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑 𝑥
1 1
⇒ න 𝑒 7𝑥 7𝑑𝑥 ⇒ න 83𝑥 3𝑑𝑥
7 3 𝑎=8
𝟏 7𝑥 1 83𝑥
= 𝑒 +𝐶 = +𝐶
𝟕 3 ln 8
𝟏 𝟕𝒙 83𝑥
= 𝒆 +𝑪 = +𝐶
𝟕 3ln 8
 2. ‫ ׬‬25𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 = 5𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑑𝑥
Solution:
Here 𝒂 represents a constant so our 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒖 = 𝟓𝒙 and
the given 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒅𝒙, Again before we give our solution,
we must check the given du if satisfies the function
𝑎 𝑢 𝟏
න 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶 = න 25𝑥 𝟓𝑑𝑥
ln 𝑎 𝟓
𝟏 25𝑥
= +𝐶
𝟓 ln 2
𝟐𝟓𝒙
= +𝑪
𝟓 𝐥𝐧 𝟐
 3. ‫ 𝑒 ׬‬ln 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: Given 𝒖 = ln 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 ln 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑥
by the definition of 𝑑 ln 𝑢 = 𝑢
= = 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝒅𝒖 = cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 by the definition of identity cot 𝑢 =
cos 𝑢
sin 𝑢

This satisfies the given 𝑑𝑢

න 𝑒 ln 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒆𝐥𝐧 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

න 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶
 3arcsin 3𝑧
4. ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑧
1−9𝑧 2
Solution: Let us rearrange the given function
3arcsin 3𝑧 𝑑𝑧
න 𝑑𝑧 arcsin 3𝑧
1 − 9𝑧 2 = ‫׬‬3
u 1−9𝑧 2
du
Given 𝒖 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑧, 𝑎=3
= 𝑑 arcsin 3𝑧
𝑑𝑢
by the definition of 𝑑 arcsin 𝑢 =
1−𝑢2
𝑑 3𝑧 3𝑑𝑧
= =
1 − 3𝑧 2 1 − 9𝑧 2
𝟑𝑑𝑧
𝒅𝒖 =
1 − 9𝑧 2
 1 3𝑑𝑧
→ න 3arcsin 3𝑧 𝑎𝑢
3 1 − 9𝑧 2
𝑢
න 𝑎 𝑑𝑢 =
ln 𝑎
+𝐶

1 3arcsin 3𝑧
= +𝐶
3 ln 3
3arcsin 3𝑧
= +𝐶
3 ln 3
3−1 3arcsin 3𝑧
= +𝐶
ln 3
3arcsin 3𝑧−1 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑚 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
= + 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
ln 3
 5. න 2 + 𝑒 2𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
Solution: Expand the given binomial
‫ ׬‬2 + 𝑒 2𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ ׬‬4 + 4𝑒 2𝑦 + 𝑒 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦,
then integrate one by one
= ‫ ׬‬4𝑑𝑦 + ‫ ׬‬4𝑒 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + ‫ 𝑒 ׬‬4𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 4 න 𝑑𝑦 +4 න 𝑒 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + න 𝑒 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑢 = 2𝑦 𝑢 = 4𝑦
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑦
1
= 4 න 𝑑𝑦 +4 2
න 𝑒 2𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + 1 න 𝑒 4𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦
4
=4 𝑦 +𝟐 𝒆 𝟐𝒚
+
1
𝑒 4𝑦 +C
4
1 4𝑦
=4 𝑦 + 2𝑒 2𝑦
+ 𝑒 +C answer
4
 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
6.‫׬‬ 𝑧2
𝑒
Solution: Express into ‫𝑢𝑑 𝑢 𝑒 ׬‬
𝑧 𝑑𝑧 −𝑧 2 1
‫׬‬ 2 = ‫𝑒׬‬ 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 ⇒= − න 𝑒 −𝑧 2
−𝟐𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝑒𝑧 2
Given 𝒖 = −𝑧 2 = −
1
𝑒 −𝑧 2
+𝐶
2
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 −𝑧 2
𝟏 −𝒛𝟐
𝒅𝒖 = −𝟐𝑧𝑑𝑧 =− 𝒆 +𝑪
𝟐
𝟏
= − 𝒛𝟐 + 𝑪 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝟐𝒆
 𝟑𝒛
𝟕. ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒛
𝟐−𝟓 𝟑𝒛

Solution: Express in ‫𝑢𝑑 𝑛𝑢 ׬‬ 𝑛

1
3𝑧 −2
‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑧 = ‫ ׬‬2 − 5 3 𝑧 3 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2−5 3𝑧
𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Given 𝒖 = 2 − 5 3𝑧 𝒅𝒖 = 𝑑 2 − 5 3𝑧
= 𝑑 2 − 5𝑑 3𝑧
3𝑧 𝑎𝑢
= 0 −5 𝑑𝑧 by definition of 𝑑 𝑎 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
ln 3 ln 𝑎
𝟓
𝒅𝒖 = − 3𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝐥𝐧 𝟑
 1
3𝑧 𝑧 −2
‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑧 = ‫ ׬‬2 − 5 3 3 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2−5 3𝑧
ln 3 −
1 5
→= − න 2 − 5 3𝑧 2 − 3𝑧 𝑑𝑧
5 ln 3
1
− +1
ln 3 2 − 5 3𝑧 2 𝑢𝑛+1
=− +𝐶 → +𝐶
5 1 𝑛 + 1
−2 + 1
1
𝑧
ln 3 2 − 5 3 2
=− +𝐶
5 1
2
ln 3 𝑧
1
=− 2 2−5 3 2 +𝐶
5
2 𝑧
1
= − ln 3 2 − 5 3 2 + 𝐶
5
Integration Formulas Involving the Natural Logarithmic Function

‫𝑢 ׬‬−1 𝑑𝑢 = ln 𝑢 + 𝐶 or sometimes it is written in the form

𝑑𝑢
‫ = 𝑢 ׬‬ln 𝑢 +𝐶
Example: 2𝑥 3 +3𝑥
1. ‫ ׬‬4 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 3𝑥 2
Solution: Assume 𝒖 = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2
Compute 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2
= 𝑑 𝑥 4 + 3𝑑 𝑥 2
= 4𝑥 3 + 3 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒖 = 𝟐 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒so here , all we have to do is to neutralized the given function
1
by 2 and 2 to satisfies our 𝑑𝑢
2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥
1. න 4 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 3𝑥 2
2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 𝟏 𝟐 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑢
න 4 2
𝑑𝑥 = න 4 2
𝑑𝑥 → න
𝑢
= ln 𝑢 +𝐶
𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝟐 𝑥 + 3𝑥
𝟏
= 𝐥𝐧 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝟐
 sin 𝑥
2. ‫ ׬‬1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
Assume 𝒖 = 1 + cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝑑 1) + 𝑑 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝐝𝐮 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 →by definition of 𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = − sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑢
⇒ ‫ ׬‬1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ‫ ׬‬1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → ‫𝑢 ׬‬ = ln 𝑢 + 𝐶

= − 𝐥𝐧 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑪 answer
 3 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3. ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 =3 ‫׬‬ → 𝑢
→ ‫𝑢 ׬‬ = ln 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑥−10 𝑥−10
Solution:
Assume 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 10
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 𝑥 − 10
= 𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑑 10
𝒅𝒖 = 𝑑𝑥 this satisfies in the given function

𝟑 𝑑𝑥 → satisfies the given du

→න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝟑 න
𝑥 − 10 𝑥 − 10
= 𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎 + 𝑪 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
 6𝑒 7𝑤 14𝑒 7𝑤
4. ‫׬‬ + 𝑑𝑤
1−8𝑒 7𝑤 3 1−8𝑒 7𝑤
Solution
Integrate one by one
6𝑒 7𝑤 14𝑒 7𝑤
න
1 − 8𝑒 7𝑤 3 𝑑𝑤 + ‫ ׬‬1−8𝑒 7𝑤 𝑑𝑤
6𝑒 7𝑤 14𝑒 7𝑤 𝑑𝑢
For ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑤 apply 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 For ‫ ׬‬1−8𝑒 7𝑤 𝑑𝑤 use natural logarithmic function ‫׬‬
1−8𝑒 7𝑤 3 𝑢
𝒏
14𝑒 7𝑤 𝒅𝒖
6න 1 − 8𝑒 7𝑤 −3 𝑒 7𝑤 𝑑𝑤 + ‫ ׬‬1−8𝑒 7𝑤 𝒖𝑑𝑤
𝒖 𝒅𝒖
 𝑢 = 1 − 8𝑒 7𝑤 1 7𝑤 −3 1 −56 𝑒 7𝑤
6 − න 1 − 8𝑒 −56 𝑒 7𝑤 𝑑𝑤 +14 − ‫ ׬‬1−8𝑒 7𝑤 𝑑𝑤
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 1 − 8 𝑒 7𝑤 56 56

= −8𝑑 𝑒 7𝑤 −
3
න 1 − 8𝑒 7𝑤 −3
−56 𝑒 7𝑤 𝑑𝑤 1 −56 𝑒 7𝑤
28 − ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑤
3 4 1−8𝑒 7𝑤
= −8 7 𝑒 7𝑤 𝑑𝑤 − න 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑢
28 −4‫׬‬ -
𝒅𝒖 = −𝟓𝟔𝑒 7𝑤 𝑑𝑤 𝑢
3 1 − 8𝑒 7𝑤 −3+1 1
=− − ln 1 − 8𝑒 7𝑤 + C
28 −3 + 1 4
3 1
7𝑤 −2 − ln 1 − 8𝑒 7𝑤 + C
= 1 − 8𝑒 4
56
3 1
= 7𝑤 2 − ln 1 − 8𝑒 7𝑤 + C 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
56 1−8𝑒 4
 7. න 𝑒 𝑥 1 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1𝑛 1
න 1+ 𝑒𝑥 2 𝑥
𝑒 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑢 𝑛+1
+𝐶
𝑒 2+1
1+𝑥
𝑛+1 →= +𝐶
1
𝑢 𝑑𝑢 +1
2 3
𝑢 = 1 + 𝑒𝑥 1+𝑒 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶
3
2
𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 3
2 1+𝑒 2𝑥
= + 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
3
 2
𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒:

8. න 𝑒1−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 F 𝑏 −𝐹 𝑎
1
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = −𝑒1−2 − −𝑒1−1
2 2
න 𝑒 1−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 = −𝑒 −1 − −𝑒 0
→ −න 𝑒 −𝑑𝑥
1 1 1
𝑢 = 1 − 𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒: − 𝑒 1−𝑥 + 𝐶 = − − −1
𝑒
𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥
= 1
=− +1
𝑒
= 0.6321 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
 1
3𝑥 + 4𝑥 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡, 𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 ( 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠)
9. න 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
0 5
𝑎𝑢
1
3𝑥 4𝑥 න 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶
න + 𝑑𝑥 ln 𝑎
0 5𝑥 5𝑥
3 𝑥 4 𝑥
= 5 + 5 +𝐶
1 𝑥 𝑥
3 4 𝑎 𝑥 3 4
න + 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠: 𝑏 ln ln
0 5 5 5 5

𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒: 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
3 4
න 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑑𝑥 3 𝑥 4 𝑥 1
5 0 5
= 5 + 5 ተ
0
3 4
න 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 න 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 ln
5
ln 0
5
3 4
𝑎= 𝑎=
5 5
 𝐹 𝑏 −𝐹 𝑎
𝑏
3 4 𝑏 3 𝑎 4 𝑎
= 5 + 5 − 5 + 5
3 4 3 4
ln ln ln ln
5 5 5 5
3 1 4 1 3 0 4 0
= 5 + 5 − 5 + 5
3 4 3 4
ln ln ln ln
5 5 5 5
3 4
1 1
= 5 + 5 − +
3 4 3 4
ln ln ln ln
5 5 5 5
3 4
1 1
= 5 + 5 − −
3 4 3 4
ln ln ln ln
5 5 5 5
 3 4
1 1
= 5 + 5 − −
3 4 3 4
ln ln ln ln
5 5 5 5
3 4
1 1
= 5 − + 5 −
3 3 4 4
ln ln ln ln
5 5 5 5
3 4
−1 −1
= 5 + 5
3 4
ln ln
5 5
2 1
− −
= 5+ 5
3 4
ln ln
5 5
−2 1
= −
3 4
5 ln 5ln
5 5
= 1.6793 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟