INGEGNERIA DELL'AUTOVEICOLO

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

Engineering
drawings

Elvio Bonisoli
Politecnico di Torino - DIGEP
elvio.bonisoli@polito.it
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Projections

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 Summary

 Projection principles
 Classification of projections
 Orthographic projections
 European and American standard
 Practical projection techniques
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Principles
of projections

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Projection problem

Problem:
to represent a 3
dimensional object
on a two-dimensional
support

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 Gaspare Monge
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Projection principles
s Projection direction
P

A P’

A’
B
 B’

Projection plane 8 / 46
 Classification
of projections

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Projections on
a plane
Central Parallel
projections projections

Prospective Orthographic Oblique

projections Projections

Axonometric Orthographic

First Third Arrow

angle angle method
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First and third angle projections

Second angle First angle

From infinity

Third angle Fourth angle

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First and third angle projections

Different idea:

European

American

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First angle projections

Front view

From above

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First angle projections

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 Third angle projections
Rear view
Left view

From below
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Third angle projections

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 Projection symbols

European

American
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First angle projections

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First angle projections
Left view is
projected
on the right side

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Third angle projections

Right view is
projected
on the right side

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European projection

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European projection

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Rotating approach

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 Main view

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American projection

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American projection

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American projection

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 Arrow approach

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Orthographic projections:
lines properties

a) Surface edges

b) Surface interpenetrations

c) Cylinder or cone generatrixes

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Generatrixes
Intersection B-D

Intersection B-A

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 Intersection

Plane edge
Cylinder generatrix

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Practical approaches
for orthographic projections

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Relationship between views
Side
Front view view

Top view

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View disposition

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 Attention !

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Minimum number of views

Use the minimum number of view in

order to define completely the object ! 42 / 46
Minimum number of views

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Attention !

Natural disposition

Unnatural disposition
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 Standards

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Reference book chapters …

Simmons, Maguire, Chirone, Tornincasa,

“Manual of Engineering Drawing” “Disegno Tecnico Industriale”
Elsevier, 2nd Ed., 2004, Ch.4, pp. 33. Il Capitello, Vol.1, 2010, Ch.4.

Simmons, Maguire, Phelps,

“Manual of Engineering Drawing”
Elsevier, 3rd Ed., 2009, Ch.4, pp. 27.

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