Ejemplo del Método de Rayleigh Ritz

Para el siguiente problema

Solución .-

Identificamos la Ecuación Diferencial que gobierna el problema:

d2 ⎛ ⎛ d 2 ⎞⎞
―― ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― v ⎟⎟ + k ⋅ v - q ＝ 0
d x2 ⎜⎝ 2
⎜⎝ d x ⎟⎠⎟⎠

Dominio: Ω :0≤x≤3

Condiciones de Borde:

C.B.1: X=0 V(x=0) C.B.E.

⎛ d ⎞
C.B.2: X=0 ⎜―― v⎟ =0 C.B.E.
⎜⎝ dx ⎟⎠
x＝0

C.B.3: X=L M(x=L) =0 C.B.N.

C.B.4: X=L Q(x=L) =0 C.B.N.

1er Paso: Construir la función Prueba

C.B.E. se deben cumplir para la función prueba

φ0 ≔ x φ1 ≔ x 2 φ2 ≔ x 3 φ3 ≔ x 4

V ((x)) ≔ c1 ⋅ φ1 + c2 ⋅ φ2 + c3 ⋅ φ3

V ((x)) → c3 ⋅ x 4 + c2 ⋅ x 3 + c1 ⋅ x 2
V ((x)) → c3 ⋅ x 4 + c2 ⋅ x 3 + c1 ⋅ x 2

Verificamos que cumple las C.B.E.

C.B.1: X=0 V(x=0) C.B.E.

V ((x)) ≔ c1 ⋅ x 2 + c2 ⋅ x 3 + c3 ⋅ x 4

x0 ≔ 0 V ⎛⎝x0⎞⎠ → 0 Cumple ✔

⎛ d ⎞
C.B.2: X=0 ⎜―― v⎟ =0 C.B.E.
⎜⎝ dx ⎟⎠
x＝0

d d
―― ((V ((x)))) → 4 ⋅ c3 ⋅ x 3 + 3 ⋅ c2 ⋅ x 2 + 2 ⋅ c1 ⋅ x ―― ⎛⎝V ⎛⎝x0⎞⎠⎞⎠ → 0
dx dx
Cumple ✔

2do Paso: Método de Rayleigh Ritz

d2 ⎛ ⎛ d2 ⎞⎞
―― ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― V ((x))⎟⎟ + k ⋅ V ((x)) - q ＝ 0
d x2 ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠⎟⎠

q ≔ 30
k ≔ 1500
0.20 ⋅ 0.30 3
I ≔ ――――= 4.500 ⋅ 10 -4
12
E ≔ 2.4 ⋅ 10 7 → 24000000.0

E ⋅ I = 1.08 ⋅ 10 4

V ((x)) → c3 ⋅ x 4 + c2 ⋅ x 3 + c1 ⋅ x 2
d collect , c3 , c2 , c1
―― V ((x)) ――――― → c1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ x + c2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ x 2 + c3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ x 3
dx

d2 collect , c3 , c2 , c1
―― V ((x)) ――――― → 2 ⋅ c1 + c2 ⋅ 6 ⋅ x + c3 ⋅ 12 ⋅ x 2
2
dx

d2 ⎛ ⎛ d2 ⎞⎞
( )
R (x) ≔ ―― ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― V ((x))⎟⎟ + k ⋅ V ((x)) - q
d x2 ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠⎟⎠

collect , c3 , c2 , c1
R ((x)) ――――― → c1 ⋅ 1500.0 ⋅ x 2 - 30.0 + c2 ⋅ 1500.0 ⋅ x 3 + c3 ⋅ ⎛⎝1500.0 ⋅ x 4 + 259199.9999999999596
 collect , c3 , c2 , c1
R ((x)) ――――― → c1 ⋅ 1500.0 ⋅ x 2 - 30.0 + c2 ⋅ 1500.0 ⋅ x 3 + c3 ⋅ ⎛⎝1500.0 ⋅ x 4 + 259199.9999999999596

d 2 ⎛⎛ collect
4⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞⎞ ⎛ 4 3 2⎞
R ((x)) ≔ ―― ⎝⎝1.08 ⋅ 10 ⋅
⎠ ⎝ 2 ⋅ c1 + c2 ⋅ 6 ⋅ x + c3 ⋅ 12 ⋅ x ⎠⎠ + 1500 ⋅ c
⎝ 3 ⋅ x + c2 ⋅ x + c1 ⋅ x ⎠ - 30 ＝ 0 ―――
d x2

w1g ((x)) ≔ x 2 w2g ((x)) ≔ x 3 w3g ((x)) ≔ x 4

3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 ⎛ ⎛ d2 ⎞⎞⎞⎞ 3 3
⎮ ⎜w1g ((x)) ⋅ ⎜―― ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― ⌠ ⌠
V ((x))⎟⎟⎟⎟ d x + ⌡ w1g ((x)) ⋅ k ⋅ V ((x)) d x - ⌡ w1g ((x)) ⋅ q d x ＝ 0
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜
⎝ d x2
⎜
⎝ ⎜
⎝ d x2
⎟⎠⎟⎠⎟⎠⎟⎠
⌡ 0 0
0

3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎞
B ((w , v)) ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― w1g ((x))⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― V ((x))⎟ + w1g ((x)) ⋅ k ⋅ V ((x))⎟ d x
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎞
d
l ((w)) ≔ ⎮ ⎜w1g ((x)) ⋅ q + ―― w1g ((x))⎟ d x
⎮ ⎜⎝ dx ⎟⎠
⌡
0

L
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎞
B ⎝φi , φj⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜――
⎛ ⎞ φi⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― φ j⎟ + φ i ⋅ k ⋅ φ j⎟ d x
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
L
⌠⎛ ⎞
d
l ⎛⎝φi⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜φi ⋅ q + ――φi⎟ d x
⎮ ⎜⎝ dx ⎟⎠
⌡
0

⎡ B ⎛⎝φ1 , φ1⎞⎠ B ⎛⎝φ1 , φ2⎞⎠ B ⎛⎝φ1 , φ3⎞⎠ ⎤ ⎡ c1 ⎤ ⎡ l ⎛⎝φ1⎞⎠ - B ⎛⎝φ1 , φ0⎞⎠ ⎤

⎢ ⎛ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Tenemos: B φ , φ ⎞ B ⎛φ , φ ⎞ B ⎛φ , φ ⎞ ⋅ c ＝ l ⎛φ ⎞ - B ⎛⎝φ2 , φ0⎞⎠
⎢ ⎝ 2 1⎠ ⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎝ 2 3⎠ ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎥
⎢⎣ B ⎛⎝φ3 , φ1⎞⎠ B ⎛⎝φ3 , φ2⎞⎠ B ⎛⎝φ3 , φ3⎞⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ c3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ l ⎛⎝φ3⎞⎠ - B ⎛⎝φ3 , φ0⎞⎠ ⎥⎦

φ0 ≔ 0 φ1 ≔ x 2 φ2 ≔ x 3 φ3 ≔ x 4

3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ1 , φ1⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― ⎛⎝x 2 ⎞⎠⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― ⎛⎝x 2 ⎞⎠⎟ + ⎛⎝x 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ k ⋅ ⎛⎝x 2 ⎞⎠⎟ d x = ?
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 2⎞ ⎛ d2 3⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ1 , φ2⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ + x 2 ⋅ k ⋅ x 3 ⎟ d x = 765450
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 2⎞ ⎛ d2 4⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ1 , φ3⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ + x 2 ⋅ k ⋅ x 4 ⎟ d x = 2801442.857
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
 3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 2⎞ ⎛ d2 4⎞ ⎞
⎛ ⎞ ⎮
B ⎝φ1 , φ3⎠ ≔ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ + x 2 ⋅ k ⋅ x 4 ⎟ d x = 2801442.857
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 3⎞ ⎛ d2 2⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ2 , φ1⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ + x 3 ⋅ k ⋅ x 2 ⎟ d x = 765450
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 3⎞ ⎛ d2 3⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ2 , φ2⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ + x3 ⋅ k ⋅ x3 ⎟ dx = ?
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 3⎞ ⎛ d2 4⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ2 , φ3⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ + x 3 ⋅ k ⋅ x 4 ⎟ d x = 16976587.5
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 4⎞ ⎛ d2 2⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ3 , φ1⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ + x 4 ⋅ k ⋅ x 2 ⎟ d x = 2801442.857
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0

3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 4⎞ ⎛ d2 3⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ3 , φ2⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ + x 4 ⋅ k ⋅ x 3 ⎟ d x = 16976587.5
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0

3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 4⎞ ⎛ d2 4⎞ ⎞
B ⎝φ3 , φ3⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜――
⎛ ⎞ x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ + x4 ⋅ k ⋅ x4 ⎟ dx = ?
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x
2
⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 2⎞ ⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ1 , φ0⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― 0 ⎟ + x 2 ⋅ k ⋅ 0⎟ d x = 0
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2 2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 3⎞ ⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ2 , φ0⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― 0 ⎟ + x 3 ⋅ k ⋅ 0⎟ d x = 0
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2 2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0
3
⌠⎛ ⎛ d2 4⎞ ⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎞
B ⎛⎝φ3 , φ0⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ⎜E ⋅ I ⋅ ⎜―― x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― 0 ⎟ + x 4 ⋅ k ⋅ 0⎟ d x = 0
⎮ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ d x
2 2
⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ d x ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⌡
0

l ⎛⎝φi⎞⎠ ≔ ⌠ ⎛⎝φi ⋅ q + 0 + 0⎞⎠ d x

⌡
0
3
⌠
l ⎛⎝φ1⎞⎠ ≔ ⌡ ⎛⎝x 2 ⋅ 30⎞⎠ d x = 270
0

3
⌠
l ⎛⎝φ2⎞⎠ ≔ ⌡ ⎛⎝x 3 ⋅ 30⎞⎠ d x = 607.5
0
3
⌠
l ⎛⎝φ3⎞⎠ ≔ ⌡ ⎛⎝x 4 ⋅ 30⎞⎠ d x = 1458
0
 3
⌠
l ⎛⎝φ2⎞⎠ ≔ ⌡ ⎛⎝x 3 ⋅ 30⎞⎠ d x = 607.5
0
3
⌠
l ⎛⎝φ3⎞⎠ ≔ ⌡ ⎛⎝x 4 ⋅ 30⎞⎠ d x = 1458
0
⎡ 202500 765450 2801442.857 ⎤ ⎡ c1 ⎤ ⎡ 270 - 0 ⎤
⎢ 765450 ⎢ ⎥
3967842.857 16976587.5 ⎥ ⋅ c2 ＝ ⎢ 607.5 - 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2801442.857 16976587.5 78863220 ⎦ ⎢⎣ c3 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 1458 - 0 ⎦
Valores de prueba

c1 ≔ 1 c2 ≔ 1 c3 ≔ 1
Restricciones

⎡ 202500 765450 2801442.857 ⎤ ⎡ c1 ⎤ ⎡ 270 ⎤

⎢ 765450 ⎢ ⎥
3967842.857 16976587.5 ⎥ ⋅ c2 ＝ ⎢ 607.5 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2801442.857 16976587.5 78863220 ⎦ ⎢⎣ c3 ⎦⎥ ⎣ 1458 ⎦

⎡ 0.0035 ⎤
Solver

find ⎝c1 , c2 , c3⎠ = ⎢ -0.0009 ⎥

⎛ ⎞
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0.0001 ⎦

Reemplazando

V ((x)) ≔ c1 ⋅ x 2 + c2 ⋅ x 3 + c3 ⋅ x 4

V ((x)) ≔ 0.0035 ⋅ x 2 - 0.0009 ⋅ x 3 + 0.0001 ⋅ x 4

V ((3)) = 0.015
x ≔ 0 , 1. ‥ 3

0.017

0.015

0.014

0.012

0.011

0.009

0.008 V ((x))
0.006

0.005

0.003

0.002

0
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3