CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY

Mechanical Engineering Department

COMBUSTION ENGINEERING

Instructor: RTL
 THEORETICAL CYCLES
(Dual Cycle)
ME 336 Lecture 4

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 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Analyze dual cycle using thermodynamic
principles.
2. Calculate state points temperature and pressure,
network output, thermal efficiency, and mean
effective pressure of a dual cycle.
3. Develop loyalty and devotion to nation state
(nationalism) by persevering in his/her goal in
relation to the course.
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 Air-standard Cycles
a) Otto Cycle
b) Diesel Cycle
c) Dual combustion Cycle
d) Atkinson Cycle

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
It is a theoretical cycle for modern high speed
diesel engines. The heat supplied is partly at
constant volume and partly at constant pressure.
This cycle is also called the mixed cycle or
limited pressure cycle. The compression and
expansion processes are isentropic and heat is
rejected at constant volume.
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 Dual Combustion Cycle

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
Processes:
1-2: Isentropic compression.
2-3: reversible constant volume heat addition process.
3-4: reversible constant pressure heat addition process
4-5: Isentropic expansion
5-6: reversible constant volume heat rejection process.

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
Thermal efficiency,

𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 − ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑄𝑙

𝜂= = =1−
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑄𝐻

𝑚𝑐𝑣 𝑇5 − 𝑇1
=1−
𝑚𝑐𝑣 𝑇3 − 𝑇2 + 𝑚𝑐𝑃 𝑇4 − 𝑇3
𝑻𝟓 − 𝑻𝟏
=𝟏−
(𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟐) + 𝒌(𝑻𝟒 − 𝑻𝟑)
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 Dual Combustion Cycle
Three ratios are used to analyze the Dual Cycle:
1. Compression ratio
V1
𝒓=
V2
2. Cut-off ratio.
V4
rc =
V3
3. Pressure ratio.
P3
rp =
P2

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
For isentropic process 1-2,
𝑘−1
𝑇2 𝑉1 𝑘−1
= =𝑟
𝑇1 𝑉2
𝒌−𝟏
𝑻 𝟐 = 𝑻𝟏 𝒓

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
For constant volume process 2-3,

𝑃2 𝑃3
=
𝑇2 𝑇3

𝑃3 𝒌−𝟏
𝑇3 = 𝑇2 = rp𝑇2 = rp𝑻𝟏 𝒓
𝑃2

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
For constant pressure process 3-4,

𝑉3 𝑉4
=
𝑇3 𝑇4

𝑉4 𝒌−𝟏
𝑇4 = 𝑇3 = rc𝑇3 = rcrp𝑻𝟏 𝒓
𝑉3

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
For isentropic process 4-5,
𝑘−1 𝑘−1 𝑘−1
𝑇5 𝑉4 𝑉4 𝑉3 𝑟𝑐
= = 𝑥 =
𝑇4 𝑉5 𝑉3 𝑉5 𝑟

𝑟𝑐 𝑘−1 𝑟𝑐 𝑘−1
𝑇5 = 𝑇4 = rcr𝑝𝑇1 𝑟 𝑘−1 = 𝑻𝟏 r𝒑𝒓𝒌𝒄
𝑟 𝑟

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
Thermal efficiency,

Thermal efficiency of Diesel cycle was shown to be:

𝑻𝟓 −𝑻𝟏
𝜂𝑡ℎ = 𝟏 −
(𝑻𝟑 −𝑻𝟐)+𝒌(𝑻𝟒 −𝑻𝟑)
By inserting values of T2, T3, T4, and T5 this becomes:
𝒓𝒑 𝒓𝒌
𝒄 −𝟏
𝜂𝑡ℎ = 𝟏 −
𝒓𝒌−𝟏 [ 𝒓𝒑 −𝟏 +𝒓𝒑 𝒌(𝒓𝒄 −𝟏)

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
From the first law of thermodynamics, for a closed system, the
work done during a cycle,

𝑊 = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 − ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

𝑊 = 𝑚𝑐𝑣 𝑇3 − 𝑇2 + 𝑚𝑐𝑝 𝑇4 − 𝑇3 − 𝑚𝑐𝑣(𝑇5 − 𝑇1)

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 Dual Combustion Cycle
Mean Effective Pressure (Pmep)
- the average pressure exerted on the piston during each power stroke
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕
𝑷𝒎𝒆𝒑 =
𝑽𝑺
By derivation, the mean effective pressure can be written as:
𝑷𝟏𝒓𝒌
𝑷𝒎𝒆𝒑 = 𝜼 [(𝒓𝒑 −𝟏) + 𝒌𝒓𝒑 (𝒓𝒄 − 𝟏)]
(𝒌 − 𝟏)(𝒓 − 𝟏)

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 Sample Problem
An air-standard Dual cycle has a compression ratio of
15, and the compression begins at 1 bar and 27 C.
The maximum pressure is limited to 60 bar. The heat
transferred to air at constant volume is twice that at
constant pressure. Calculate the pressure and
temperature at the cardinal points of the cycle, the
cycle efficiency, and the mean effective pressure.
Ans. 𝜼 = 𝟔𝟔 %, MEP = 2.77 bar

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 Problem Set No.3
Show your detailed and organized solution in your notebook.

A dual combustion cycle operates with a

compression ratio of 12 and with a cut-off ratio of
1.615. The maximum pressure is 52.17 bar. The
pressure and temperature before compression
are 1 bar and 62 C, respectively. Assuming
indices of compression and expansion of 𝑛 =
1.35 , calculate the temperature at cardinal
points, the cycle efficiency and the mean
effective pressure.
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