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Exam : CFPS

Title : Certified Fire Protection

Specialist (CFPS)

Vendor : NFPA

Version : DEMO

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QUESTION NO: 1
Which smoke detector type contains a small amount of radioactive material and functions by
sensing a decrease in conductance of the air when smoke particles enter the chamber?
A. Photoelectric
B. Cloud chamber air sampling
C. Light scattering
D. lonization
Answer: D
Explanation

Smoke detector
Explore
The smoke detector type that contains a small amount of radioactive material and functions
by sensing a decrease in conductance of the air when smoke particles enter the chamber is
theionization smoke detector.
Ionization smoke detectors use a small amount of americium-241, a radioactive element, to
ionize the air molecules inside a sensing chamber. This creates a low-level electric current
between two electrodes. When smoke enters the chamber, it disrupts the ionized air and
reduces the current flow. This triggers the alarm to sound.Ionization smoke detectors are
more sensitive to small particles of smoke, such as those produced by flaming
fires1.However, they may also be more prone to false alarms from cooking or steam, and
they require proper disposal of the radioactive source2.
References:
Smoke Detector Types: Which Type of Smoke Detector Is Best? - X-Sense
How Does Your Smoke Detector Work? - ThoughtCo

QUESTION NO: 2
For engine driven emergency power supplies, which of the following devices maintains a
relatively constant speed of the prime mover throughout the full power output range by
varying the fuel input to the prime mover?
A. Generator
B. Distributor
C. Governor

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D. Alternator
Answer: C
Explanation
Governor
For engine driven emergency power supplies, the device that maintains a relatively constant
speed of the prime mover throughout the full power output range by varying the fuel input to
the prime mover is the governor. A governor is a device that automatically regulates the
speed or power of an engine or other prime mover by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to
it. A governor senses the speed of the prime mover and compares it with a desired set point,
and then controls the fuel valve to increase or decrease the fuel flow accordingly.By doing so,
the governor ensures that the prime mover operates within a narrow range of speed or
power, regardless of the load or other factors that may affect its performance12

QUESTION NO: 3
At what temperature do cellulose nitrate products begin to decompose?
A. 581° F (305° C)
B. 425° F (218° C)
C. 350° F (177° C)
D. 300° F (150° C)
Answer: D
Explanation
Cellulose nitrate products begin to decompose at about 300 °F (150 °C). This is the
temperature at which the nitrate ester bonds start to break down and release nitric acid,
which further catalyzes the decomposition. The decomposition temperature depends on the
nitrogen content, the stabilizers, and the external heating rate of the cellulose nitrate. Higher
nitrogen content, lower stabilizer concentration, and faster heating rate lower the
decomposition temperature and increase the risk of thermal runaway.
References:Nitrocellulose - Wikipedia;Comparative analysis of stable decomposition and
combustion kinetics of nitrated cellulose;Degradation of aged nitrocellulose investigated by
thermal analysis methods;Nitrocellulose;Effect of stabilizers and nitrogen content on thermal
properties of nitrocellulose

QUESTION NO: 4
The typical discharge coefficient of a solid stream nozzle for a standard orifice with sharp
edges is?
A. 0.62
B. 0.75
C. 0.8
D. 0.95
Answer: A
Explanation
0.62
The discharge coefficient of a solid stream nozzle for a standard orifice with sharp edges is a
dimensionless number that indicates the ratio of the actual flow rate to the theoretical flow

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rate of the nozzle. The discharge coefficient depends on the geometry and the flow
conditions of the nozzle. According to the web search results, the typical discharge coefficient
of a solid stream nozzle for a standard orifice with sharp edges is about 0.62, which means
that the actual flow rate is about 62% of the theoretical flow rate.This value is based on the
experiments conducted by the National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) and reported in the
paper
"Discharge Coefficients of Fire Nozzles"1.The paper also provides a formula to calculate the
discharge coefficient for different nozzle diameters and pressures123

QUESTION NO: 5
The minimum width of a doorway in a means of egress to accommodate a person in a
wheelchair is
A. 28 inches (711 mm).
B. 32 inches (813 mm).
C. 36 inches (914 mm).
D. 40 inches (1016 mm).
Answer: B
Explanation
The minimum width of a doorway in a means of egress to accommodate a person in a
wheelchair is 32 inches (813 mm).This is based on the requirements of the Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA) and the International Building Code (IBC), which both specify that
doors in a path of egress and doors on an accessible route must have a clear opening width
of at least 32 inches (813 mm)12. This width allows enough space for a person in a
wheelchair to maneuver through the doorway without difficulty. A wider doorway may be
preferable for some types of wheelchairs or other assistive devices, but 32 inches (813 mm)
is the minimum standard for accessibility and safety.References:DECODED: Calculating the
Egress Width of Door Openings - I Dig Hardware;Digital Codes.

QUESTION NO: 6
NFPA 25 requires initial testing of representative samples of fast response sprinklers after
A. 5 years.
B. 10 years.
C. 20 years.
D. 50 years.
Answer: C
Explanation
20 years.
According to NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-
Based Fire Protection Systems, 2020 edition, fast response sprinklers are those that have a
response time index (RTI) of 50 (m s)^(1/2) or less.These sprinklers are designed to activate
faster than standard response sprinklers in the event of a fire, and they are typically used in
light hazard, ordinary hazard, and residential occupancies1 NFPA 25 requires initial testing of
representative samples of fast response sprinklers after 20 years from the date of
manufacture, and subsequent testing every 10 years thereafter. The testing involves
removing a minimum of four sprinklers or 1% of the total number of sprinklers per individual

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sprinkler sample, whichever is greater, and sending them to a recognized testing laboratory.
The laboratory will perform a plunge test, which measures the time it takes for the sprinkler to
operate when exposed to a specified air temperature.The test results will indicate whether
the sprinklers meet the acceptance criteria or need to be replaced123 References:
NFPA 25: Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire
Protection Systems1 Sprinkler System Inspections, Testing, and Maintenance Frequencies
Explained | NFPA4 Sprinkler Testing on Quick Response Sprinklers: What You Need to
Know2 NFPA 25 ITM Quick Reference Guide - hillgrp.com3

QUESTION NO: 7
What percent of fire departments surveyed participate in the delivery of emergency medical
services?
A. 38%
B. 61%
C. 79%
D. 90%
Answer: C
Explanation
According to the web search results, 79% of fire departments surveyed participate in the
delivery of emergency medical services (EMS).This is based on the NFPA report "US Fire
Department Profile 2020"1, which states that nationwide, 37% of fire departments provided
no EMS, 46% provided basic life support (BLS), and 17% provided advanced life support
(ALS). Therefore, the percentage of fire departments that provided either BLS or ALS is 46%
+ 17% = 63%. However, this does not include fire departments that provided EMS through a
third-party contract or agreement.According to the NFPA fireservice survey from
2018-20202, 16% of fire departments reported having such an arrangement. Therefore, the
percentage of fire departments that participated in the delivery of EMS in some form is 63% +
16% = 79%.References:
NFPA report - U.S.fire department profile3
US Fire Department Profile 2020 Supporting Tables2

QUESTION NO: 8
When using the Fire Safety Concept Tree to assess life safety for occupancies, the major
categories of strategies include managing the fire, managing exposed occupants, and
A. emergency response.
B. occupant notification.
C. fire prevention.
D. risk classification.
Answer: A
Explanation
The Fire Safety Concept Tree is a tool for systematically evaluating the fire safety
performance of a building or occupancy. It consists of three main branches: fire prevention,
fire protection, and fire safety management.
Fire prevention aims to eliminate or reduce the occurrence of fire. Fire protection aims to
control or limit the fire development and spread, and to protect the exposed occupants and

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property. Fire safety management aims to ensure the effective operation and maintenance of
the fire safety systems and the appropriate human behavior in case of fire. Emergency
response is one of the subcategories of fire protection, which includes the actions of the fire
department, the building staff, and the occupants to respond to the fire
emergency.References:

QUESTION NO: 9
Potassium bicarbonate is a dry chemical agent considered to be twice as effective as
A. Asodium bicarbonate.
B. monoammonium phosphate.
C. sodium chloride.
D. potassium sulfide.
Answer: A
Explanation
Potassium bicarbonate is a dry chemical agent that is considered to be twice as effective as
sodium bicarbonate in fire suppression, especially for Class B fires involving flammable
liquids and gases. This is because potassium bicarbonate has a higher melting point and a
lower decomposition temperature than sodium bicarbonate, which allows it to form a more
stable and insulating layer on the burning surface.Potassium bicarbonate also has a lower pH
and a higher specific gravity than sodium bicarbonate, which enhances its penetration and
dispersion abilities123.References:Dry Chemical Agents - Purple-K Powder is Purple
- Chemguard;Evaluation of Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishing Standards - NFPA;Potassiu
m bicarbonate - Wikipedia.

QUESTION NO: 10
Which factor plays a significant role in most industrial fire and explosion losses?
A. Process
B. Mechanical
C. Human
D. External
Answer: C
Explanation
The answer is C. Human factor plays a significant role in most industrial fire and explosion
losses.According to a study by Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty (AGCS), human error is
the cause of 80% of all industrial accidents, including fires and explosions1. Human error can
include mistakes, negligence, violations, or sabotage. Some examples of human errors that
can lead to fires and explosions are:
Improper handling or storage of flammable or combustible materials
Failure to follow safety procedures or regulations
Lack of training or supervision
Poor maintenance or inspection of equipment or machinery
Ignoring or disabling alarms or warning systems
Smoking or using open flames near hazardous areas
Intentional or accidental ignition of explosives or incendiaries
To prevent or reduce the impact of human errors, industrial facilities should implement

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effective risk management strategies, such as:

Providing regular and adequate training and education for workers and managers
Establishing and enforcing clear and consistent safety policies and rules Conducting
thorough and frequent audits and inspections Installing and maintaining reliable fire
protection systems and equipment Developing and practicing emergency response and
evacuation plans Encouraging a positive safety culture and communication among all
stakeholders

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