MTHS112 Klaswerk Week 1 Classwork 12- 16 Febr 2024

WISKUNDIGE VERGELYKINGS: Toepassings van vergelykings /

MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS: Applications of equations

Introduction: / Inleiding:

MTHS112 is a service module. / MTHS112 is 'n diensmodule.

Service modules are included in curricula to provide students with a mathematical foundation to support
learning in economic and financial modules. / Diensmodules word in kurrikulums ingesluit om
studente van 'n wiskundige grondslag te voorsien om leer in ekonomiese en finansiële modules
te ondersteun.
The language and techniques of mathematics enable us to frame and solve problems that cannot be
modelled effectively in other ways. / Die taal en tegnieke van wiskunde stel ons in staat om
probleme te modelleer en op te los wat nie op ander maniere effektief gemodelleer kan word
nie.
For a service module, there is little point in understanding the mathematical theory, unless you can apply
it in practice. / Vir 'n diensmodule het dit min sin om die wiskundige teorie te verstaan, tensy jy
dit in die praktyk kan toepas.
Therefore, in this module, you will practice how to apply mathematical concepts, competencies
and techniques to solve problems in an economical and financial context. / Daarom sal jy in
hierdie module oefen hoe om wiskundige konsepte, bevoegdhede en tegnieke toe te pas om
probleme in 'n ekonomiese en finansiële konteks op te los.
Please remember that you cannot just learn mathematics by reading books or watching others solve
problems. / Onthou asseblief dat jy nie wiskunde kan leer deur net boeke te lees of net te kyk
hoe ander probleme oplos nie.
Classwork questions (mostly from previous exam papers) are made available every week to
assist you in constructing an integrated knowledge structure. / Klaswerkvrae (meestal uit vorige
eksamenvraestelle) word elke week beskikbaar gestel om jou te help om 'n geïntegreerde
kennisstruktuur te bou.
No written-out memos are made available for these weekly classwork questions because that
will just promote rote learning and will not encourage you to develop higher-order thinking
skills. / Geen uitgeskrewe memo's word vir hierdie weeklikse klaswerkvrae beskikbaar gestel
nie, want dit sal net buitensporige leer bevorder en jou nie aanmoedig om hoër-orde
denkvaardighede te ontwikkel nie.
Each student composes a unique memo while attending class. / Elke student stel 'n unieke
memo saam terwyl hy klas bywoon.

Voorbereiding: / Preparation:
Werk deur Week 1 (pp. 1-17) in die voorgeskrewe handboek (diktaat). Hersien die stappe van
eenvoudige wiskundige modellering op p.2 in die handboek en werk deur die voorbeelde wat
gegee word. / Work through Week 1 (pp. 1-17) in the prescribed textbook (reader). Revise the
steps for simple mathematical modelling on p. 2 in the textbook and work through the examples
given.

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Oefeninge vir Week 1: / Exercises for Week 1:

Algebraïese vaardighede / Algebraic skills

1. In stap 3 van eenvoudige modellering moet jy die vergelyking wat jy saamgestel het
kan oplos. Gebruik die hersieningsoefeninge in die handboek op pp. 14-15 om jou
algebraïese vaardighede te hersien. Antwoorde vir probleme 1 tot 3 verskyn agterin die
handboek op pp. 120-121.
In step 3 of simple modelling you have to solve the equation that you have compiled.
Use the revision exercises in the textbook on pp. 13-15 to revise your algebraic skills.
Answers to problems 1 to 3 appear at the back of the textbook on pp. 120-121.

Eweredighede, breuke en persentasies / Ratios, fractions and percentages

2. Gestel die wins van 'n onderneming neem toe van 75% na 90%. / Assume that the
profit of a business increases from 75% to 90%.

2.1 Met hoeveel persentasiepunte het die wins toegeneem? / With how many percentage
points did the profit increase?

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2.2 Bepaal die persentasie toename in die wins. / Determine the percentage increase in the
profit.

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3. Gestel 'n voertuig word verkoop vir R rand wat belasting op toegevoegde waarde
(BTW) van i % insluit. / Assume a vehicle is sold for R rand which includes value added
tax (VAT) charged at i %.
3.1 Lei 'n vergelyking af vir die bedrag BTW wat oorbetaal moet word op die verkope. /
Derive an equation for the amount VAT which should be paid over on the sale.

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3.2 Gestel ‘n motor word verkoop vir R120 000 wat BTW van 15% insluit. Hoeveel BTW
moet oorbetaal word aan die staat? / Suppose a car is sold for R120 000, which includes
VAT charged at 15%. How much VAT must be paid over to the state?

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4. ‘n Modewinkel maak 100% wins op die aankoopprys van hul klere. Na ‘n paar maande
bied hulle ‘n 40% afslag op die verkoopprys. / A fashion store makes a profit of 100%
on the purchase price of their clothes. After a few months they offer a discount of 40%
on the selling price.
4.1 Wat is die persentasie wins wat op die afslag-items gemaak word? / What is the
percentage profit made on the sales items?

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4.2 Lei 'n algemene vergelyking af vir die persentasie wins wat op die afslagitems gemaak
word as die oorspronklike winspersentasie i% en die afslagpersentasie a% is. / Derive
a general equation for the percentage profit made on the sales items if the original profit
margin is i% and the discount margin is a%.

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5. Op 'n spesifieke dag gedurende die Covid-19 pandemie is die volgende persentasies
bepaal: Die VSA en Brasilië het saam net 7% van die wêreldbevolking, maar dié twee
lande het saam meer as 40% van alle Covid-19-gevalle. Die VSA se meer as 4,5
miljoen gevalle is net 1,3% van sy bevolking en Brasilië se 2,5 miljoen net 1,2% van sy
bevolking. Gebruik hierdie data om 'n raming te maak van die wêreld se bevolking. /
On a specific day during the Covid-19 pandemic the following percentages were
determined: The USA and Brazil together has 7% van of the world's population, but
40% of all the Covid-19 cases. The more than 4,5 million cases in the USA is just 1,3%
of its population and the 2,5 million cases in Brazil is just 1,2% of its population. Use
this data to give an estimate of the total population in the world.

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Eenvoudige modellering / Simple modelling

Hersien die stappe van eenvoudige wiskundige modellering op p.2 in die handboek en werk
deur die voorbeelde wat gegee word. Kyk eers na die definisie en voorbeelde van eenvoudige
modellering op pp.2-6 in die handboek voordat jy hierdie oefeninge aanpak. Onthou dat
modellering nie 'n eksakte en afgehandelde proses is nie. Na die eerste poging moet daar
geëvalueer word of die model verfyn of vereenvoudig moet word. 'n Model kan verfyn word om
die situasie beter te beskryf deur meer parameters in ag te neem en/of meer veranderlikes in
ag te neem. As die vergelyking dan te moeilik is om op te los, kan die model vereenvoudig
word deur parameters weg te laat. /
Revise the steps for simple mathematical modelling on p. 2 in the textbook and work through
the examples given. First study the definition and examples of simple modelling in the textbook
on pp. 2-6 before you attempt the following exercises. Remember that modelling is not an
exact or complete process. After the first attempt one has to evaluate if the modelling must be
refined or simplified. A model can be refined to better describe the situation by including more
parameters and/or more variables. If the resulting equation is too difficult to solve, the model
can be simplified by discarding some of the variables.

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6. 'n Eiendomsfirma besit ‘n blok wat bestaan uit 96 woonstelle. Teen R5500 per maand
per woonstel word die hele blok uitverhuur. Vir elke R250 toename in huur per maand
is daar drie meer woonstelle wat leeg staan. Wat moet die huur wees sodat die firma
se maandelikse huurinkomste R546 000 is? / A real-estate firm owns a block consisting
of 96 apartments. At R5500 per month, every apartment is rented. For each R250 per
month increase, there will be three more vacancies. What should the rent be if the firm
wants R546 000 rental income per month?

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Voorletters en Van: / Initials and Surname: ......................................................................

Universiteitsnommer: / University number: ...................................................

7. ‘n Vrou wil die verskil bepaal tussen die koste om ‘n kar te besit en om een te huur. Sy
kan die kar bruikhuur teen R8050 per maand plus ‘n koste van R1,60 per km. As sy die
kar koop, is die vaste koste R94 000 en die verdere koste R1,80 per km. Wat is die
minimum km wat sy per jaar moet ry sodat huur goedkoper is as om te koop? / A
woman wants to determine the difference between the cost of owning a car and leasing
it. She can lease the car for R8050 per month. The cost per km is R1,60. If she
purchases the car, the fixed expense would be R94 000 and other costs R1,80 per km.
What is the least number of kilometers she would have to drive per year to make leasing
less expensive than purchasing?

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8. Beskou ‘n kliënt wat R800 000 wil belê in drie tipe fondse: / Consider a client who wants
to invest R800 000 in three types of funds:

A: savings account paying 5% interest A: spaarrekening wat 5% rente per

per year (low risk investment); jaar lewer (lae-risiko belegging);
B: money-market account yielding 7,5% B: geldmarkrekening wat 7,5% per
per year (medium risk investment); jaar lewer (mediumrisiko belegging);
C: stock market portfolio yielding 10% per C: aandeleportefeulje wat 10% per
year (high risk investment). jaar lewer (hoë-risikobelegging).

Gestel die kliënt vereis dat die risikoverspreiding tussen die lae (A) en hoë risiko (C)
rekeninge 3:1 moet wees en dat die totale rente vir die jaar R50 000 moet wees. Gebruik
eenvoudige modellering om die bedrae te bepaal wat in elke rekening belê moet word
om aan die vereistes te voldoen. / Suppose the client wants the risk distribution between
the low (A) and high risk (C) accounts to be 3:1 and the total interest for the three
accounts to be R50 000 for the year. Use simple modelling to determine the amounts
which must be invested in each account to satisfy the requirements.

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