Wen tng Hoa Figp ot catony | Carboxylic acid NTH11 + 1986 Khai nigém = Carboxylic acid la hgp chat hu co ma phan tu c6 nhém COOH lién két truc tip véi nguyén tir carbon ho&c hydrogen. Danh phap = Tén thay thé cia carboxylic don chtrc gém cdc thanh phan sau: Mach carbon dugc danh sé tir nhém carboxyl. ™ Mét 6 carboxylic acid c6 thém tén théng thuting, cdc tén nay thuéng lién quan dén nguon géc. Carboxylic acid Ten thay thé Tén théng thudng HCOOH Methanoic acid Formic acid CHsCOOH Ethanoic acid ‘Acetic acid (CHsCH.COOH Propanoic acid Propionic acid (CHs(CH:)COOH Butanoic acid Butyric acid (CHs(CH:)sCOOH Pentanoic acid Valeric acid (CHs):CHCH:COOH 3-Methylbutanoic acid Isovaleric acid (CHs(CH:)4COOH Hexadecanoic acid Palmitic acid (CHs(CH)16COOH_ Octadecanoic acid Stearic acid CH2=CHCOOH Propenoic acid ‘Acrylic acid CH2=C(CH:)COOH 2Methylpropenoic acid Methacrylic acid HOOCCOOH Ethanedioic acid Oxalic acid HOOCCH2COOH Propanedioic acid Malonic acid HOOC(CH:),C00H Butanedioic acid Succinic acid HOOC(CH:)sCOOH Pentanedioic acid Glutaric acid HOOC(CH:)«COOH Hexanedioic acid ‘Adipic acid VD1: Viét tat cd dng phan céiu tao va goi tén cdc carboxylic acid c6 cong thie phan tur CsH1002. Thay Lam Manh Cutng « Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM « Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo)Wen tng Ha Hop ch carbon Tinh chat vat ly = 0 diéu kién thuéng, cdc carboxylic acid déu 6 thé long hoae ran. = Nhd cé lién két hydrogen nén nhiét d6 sdi cla carboxylic acid cao hon cdc alcohol c6 cng sd nguyén tt carbon trong phan tt. Cc carboxylic acid no, don chttc, mach hé tang dan theo chiéu ‘tang ca phan tir khdi. c rd } i Ned * Cac carboxylic acid tao duge lién két hydrogen vdi nude nén tan rat tot trong nude. Trong dé, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid va acrylic acid tan v6 han trong nuéc. Khi sé nguyén tt carbon trong phan ti tang thi dé tan gidm dan. "= M6t sé carboxylic acid cé vi chua dac trung. Acetic acid cé vi chua clia gidm, oxalic acid c6 vi chua cla me, citric acid co vi chua cla chanh, tartaric acid cé vi chua cla nho, ‘D2: So snh nhiét d6 séi cla cdc chat: HCOOH, C2Hs, CHsCHO, CHsCOOH, C2HsOH. Gidi thich. Tinh chat héa hoc = Trong nhém carboxyl, electron tai oxygen cia nhém -OH bi dich chuyén vé phia nhém C=0 nén nguyén tu hydrogen mang mét phan dién tich dung va linh déng hon véi nhém -OH cia alcohol = Trong nude, carboxylic acid dién li khéng hoan toan, tao ra Ht va lam quy tim chuyén mau dé. RCOOH = RCOO™ +H* * Dung dich carboxylic acid phan ting dugc véi kim loai diing truéc hydrogen trong day hoat déng héa hoc cia kim loai, tao ra mudi carboxylate khi Ho. 2RCOOH + Mg -> (RCOO)2Mg + He = Carboxylic acid phan ting dugc véi base hoac oxide base tao thinh mudi carboxylate va nuéc. RCOOH + NaOH — RCOONa + H20 2RCOOH + CuO - (RCOO)2Cu + H20 * Carboxylic acid phan ting durgc véi mudi carbonate va musi hydrogencarbonate tao thanh mudi carboxylate va gidi phéng khi CO2. 2RCOOH + CaCOz - (RCOO)2Ca + CO2 + H20 RCOOH + KHCOs — RCOOK + CO2 + H20. = Carboxylic acid tham gia phan tng ester héa véi alcohol tao thanh ester. RCOOH + R'OH =°sS#> RCOOR' + H:0 Thay Lam Manh Cutng « Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM « Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo)Wen ting Hoa Figp ct camony \VD3: Viét cdc phutong trinh phan ting gitta cdc cp chat (dung dich) sau: (@) Oxalic acid va calcium (b) Benzoic acid va kém (c) Acetic acid va magnesium carbonate (4) Butylic acid va sodium hydrogencarbonate (€) Propionic acid va iron(II!) oxide (9) Acrylic acid va nurée bromine (h) Formic acid va thuéc thir Tollens \VD4: Trinh bay cdch phan biét cdc dung dich ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid va acrylic acid bang phuong phap héa hoc. Viét cdc phuong trinh phan tng. DS: Dun néng 12 g acetic acid vdi 13,8 g ethanol (cd xtic tac H2SO4 dac) thu duge 11 g ester. Tinh hiéu suat phan ung ester héa. Thay Lam Manh Cuting + Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM = Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo) [EQWen tng Ha Hop ch carbon VD6: Methyl butyrate la ester cé mii téo, viét phu‘ong trinh héa hoc cua phan ng diéu ché ester nay tl carboxylic acid va alcohol tuong tng VD7: Hop chat X duge dung nhigu dé téng hop polymer. Két qua phan tich nguyén td cho thay X 06 %C = 50%, %H = 5,56% (v8 khdi long), con lai la O. Trén phd dd MS ciia X thy xuat hién peak cuia ion phan tu [M*] co gid tri m/z = 72. Trén phé IR clia X thay xuat hién mot tin hiéu dc trung trong ving 3200-2500 cm”, mét tin hiéu dc trung 61707 om-". Lap luan va dy dodn céng thirc cau tao cua X. Diéu ché = Cac carboxylic acid duge diéu ché bang phuong phdp oxi héa alkane. 2RCH2CHLR’ + 502 —*"> 2RCOOH + 2R'COOH + 2H20 * Acetic acid dugc sén xuat cng nghiép cht yéu bang phan ting carbonyl héa methanol CHOH + CO 2, CHyCOOH = Acetic acid con dugc diéu ché thi céng bang phuong php lén men gidm, dung lam gidim &n. CoHsOH + 02 "98", CHaCOOH + H20 Ung dung ® Acetic acid Ia nguyén liéu san xuat vinyl acetate (keo dén), cellulose acetate (to soi), aluminium monoacetate (chat cam mau), ethyl acetate, butyl acetate (dung mdi), thuéc acetamide, penicillin, san xuat nudc hoa va cac chat diét co. = Trong di séng, dung dich acetic acid 2-5% dugc ding lam gidim &n, chat tay c&n trong am dun nu‘éc, lam sach gi kim loai * Acrylic acid va metacrylic acid la nguyén ligu san xuat thiy tinh hitu co. Benzoic acid dung dé bdo quan thyc phim. Salicylic acid 18 nguyén ligu san xuat thuéc cém aspirin va thudc giém dau methyl salicylate. Adipic acid va terephtalic acid la nguyén ligu san xuat to soi. Hat Thay Lam Manh Cutng + Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM + Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo)Wen ting Ha Figp ct camony | Carboxylic acid NTH11 + 19LT LT1: Viét cong thie cau tao ctia cdc carboxylic acid ¢6 tén goi sau (@) Pentanoic acid (b) But-3-enoie acid (c) 2Methylbutanoic acid (d) 3-Methylbut-2-enoic acid (e) 2,2-Dimethylpropanoic acid (g) 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid LT2: Viét cdc phyong trinh phan ting gitfa acetic acid véi cdc chat sau: Zn, Cu(OH)2, CaO, NHs. LT3: Hop chat hitu co X ¢6 céng thie phan tur fa CaHs02 nhung chua 16 céng thitc cau tao. Dé tién hanh xc dinh cau tao cua X, ngudi ta thuc hién cac thi nghiém va thu dugc két qua sau: X lam quy tim chuyén mau dé. X lam mat mau nude bromine. Khi cho tac dung vai Na2COs tao chat khi khéng mau. (a) Xac dinh tat ca cdc céng thifc cau tao cé thé cé cla X, goi tén va cho biét cau tao nao cd dong phan hinh hoc. (b) Viét phucong trinh héa hgc cia phan ting xay ra. Thay Lam Manh Cutdng + Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM = Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo) [ZSMWen tng Ha Hop ond carbon LT4: Mat loai gidm an cé 4,5% acetic acid vé thé tich. (a) Tinh khéi lugng acetic acid trong mot can giém cé dung tich 5 L. (b) Tinh thé tich dung dich NaOH 2 M cn ding dé trung héa hoan toan lugng gidm trén. Biét khdi lirgng riéng cia acetic acid [a 1,05 g/mL. LTS: Methyl salicylate la hgp chat thugc loai ester dugc ding lam cao dan gidm dau khang viém ngoai da. Methyl salicylate dugc téng hop tir phan tng ester héa gitfa salicylic acid va methanol theo so dé sau: 00H Hs dt + CHOH ==“ Methyl salicylate + H,0 Salicylic acid Viét phurong trinh héa hoc ctla phan ting nay. LT6: Vi chua cua cc trdi cay 1a do cdc acid hu co cé trong dé gay nén. Trong qua téo c6 chia 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid (malic acid), trong qua nho cé chifa 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (tartaric acid), trong qua chanh ¢6 chia 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (citric acid hay limonic acid). Viét céng thuic cau tao cdc acid d6. Thay Lam Manh Cutng « Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM = Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo)Wen ting Hoa Figp ct catony LT7: Sap xép theo trinh ty tang dan tinh acid cia cdc chat trong day sau: 9 Og 0H Ox, 0H f Se 7 cH ‘OH A 8 c Hy, LT8: Nhén biét 4 dung dich mat nhan sau: ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate va acetic acid bang phuong phap hod hoc. LT9: Khi Idy cng 1 mol cdc acid sau cho phan ting véi dung dich NaHCOs du thi acid nao tao ra thé tich khi én nhat? Viét phuong trinh hod hoc. HO. HO. So sho we oO OH Oo OH Malic acid Tartric acid Citric acid Thay Lam Manh Cutng « Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM « Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo)Wen tng Ha Hop ond carbon LT10: Nhya PET [a mét loai polyester duge ting dung réng rai lam chai nhya, hép dung, to s¢i,.. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) durgc téng hgp tir phan ting ester hoa gia terephtalic acid va ethylene glycol c6 céng thifc nhu sau: Hooc— )—cooH oH Ho Terephthalic acid Ethylene glycol Xée dinh céng thuc cau tao clia PET. LT11: Cho 4,32 g mét acid hiu co X don chic téc dung hét voi NazCOs, thu duge 5,64 g mudi cia acid hiu co (khan). Xac dinh céng thie cau tao va goi tén cia X. LT12: Dé xdc dinh ham lugng cuia acetic acid trong mét loai gidm an, mét hoc sinh pha loang loai gidm &n dé musi fan ri tién hanh chun dO 10 mL dung dich sau khi pha loding bing dung dich NaOH 0,10 M, thu duge két qua nhur bang sau: Lan 1 2 3 Vaaos (mL) 98 97 98 Tinh ham lugng phan tram vé thé tich acetic acid c6 trong loai giém dé, biét khdi lugng riéng cua acetic acid la 1,05 g/mL, gid str trong thanh phan gidm &n chi cé acetic acid phan ting voi NaOH LT13: Ethyl butanoate la mét ester tao ra mui dac trung ca qué dita. Viét phuong trinh hod hoc cla phan tng diéu ché ethyl butanoate tir acid va alcohol tuong ung. Thay Lam Manh Cutng « Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM « Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo)Wen ting Hoa Hap ot catbony L113: Trén 20 mL ethanol véi 20 mL acetic acid, thém 10 mL HS0, dac ri tién hanh phan tng ester hod. Sau mét thai gian, thu dugc 17,6 g ester. Tinh higu suat phan ting ester, biét khéi long riéng cia ethanol va acetic acid [an lugt Ia 0,789 g/mL va 1,05 g/mL. LT13: Cho so dé phan tng: X thy y MOH, 7 00, |] _+_, q GOH Methyl acrylate Biét Y, Z, T, Qa cdc san pham chinh ctia phan ting. Xéc dinh tén goi ctia cdc chait trong so dé va viét phan ting xay ra LT14: Ethyl acetat la chat long dugc san xuat 6 quy mé Ién kam dung méi trong céng nghiép. (@) Viét phuong trinh hod hoc diéu ché ethyl acetate bang céch dun néng hén hgp acetic acid véi ethanol, xtic tac HoSO: dae. (b) BS mot nha may san xuat duge 1000 L ethyl acetate méi ngay thi Ivong thé tich (L) ethanol va acetic acid tiéu thy tdi thigu ld bao nhiéu? Biét hao hut trong qua trinh san xudt trén la 34%. Cho khdi lugng riéng ca ethyl acetate, ethanol va acetic acid an lugt la 0,90; 0,79 va 1,05 g/mL. Thay Lam Manh Cutdng + Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM = Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo) FZEIWen tng Ha Hop ch carbon LT15: Hoan thanh so dé sau véi digu kién dé phan ting xay ra, goi tén cila sn phdm thu duge: a 2) Cathe —2-> crzcooh —@> cH,cooch “| ® C,HsoH —" > cH,cHO LT16: Gidm &n duge diéu ché bang cach lén men dung dich ethanol long. Tinh khéi lugng giam chira 5% khdi lugng acetic acid thu dugc khi lén men 100 L ethanol 40°. Biét higu suét qué trinh len men [a 80%, khdi lugng riéng cia ethanol nguyén chat l& 0,79 g/mL. LT17: Acetone duge str dung nhu mét nguyén liéu dé tong hop methacrylic acid, mét hgp chat duge ding nhiéu trong t6ng hop thuy tinh hitu co. 980,04 cHgcocH, SN x HS, CHy——CONH, aa ,0=9—CooH CHs CH (a) Xéc dinh san pham X va Y trong sod trén. (b) Tinh thé tich acid 46 (D = 1,015 g mL~') tng hgp tir 10 m? acetone (D = 0,784 g mL”) theo so d6 trén. Gia st higu suat méi giai doan du la 80%. Thay Lam Manh Cutng « Chuyén luyén thi Héa tai TPHCM « Lién hé 0936.975.145 (Zalo)