Survey - Sample Report

Visvesvaraya Technological University
Jnana Sangama, Belgavi – 590018
AICTE ACTIVITY POINTS PROJECT REPORT (20 Points)
ON
Agri Job Opportunities Platform in Rural Areas
Submitted By
Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy [1BY21CS064]
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Rajesh N V
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
BMS Institute of Technology and Management

[An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum]
Doddaballapura Main Road, Avalahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru - 560064
2022-2023
BMS Institute of Technology and Management
[An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum]
Doddaballapura Main Road, Avalahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru – 560064
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the AICTE Activity Points Project entitled “Agri Job Opportunities Platform in Rural
Areas” carried out by Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy bearing USN: 1BY21CS064 a bonafide student of
BMS Institute of Technology and Management in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of
Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi during the year 2022-23. It is certified that all theory/practicals/corrections/suggestions
indicated for Activity Points have been executed under the directions of Mr. Rajesh N V. The project
report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of AICTE Activity Points
prescribed for the said degree.
Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal
Mr. Rajesh N V Dr. Thippeswamy G Dr. Mohan Babu G N

Assistant Professor HOD and Professor Principal
Dept of CSE Dept of CSE BMSIT&M
BMSIT&M BMSIT&M
DECLARATION
I, Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy bearing the USN 1BY21CS064, student of 3rd Semester B.E.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management,
Bengaluru declare that the AICTE Activity Project work entitled “Agri Job Opportunities Platform in
Rural Areas”, has been duly executed by me under the guidance of LGS Social Innovation and
Research Centre (An unit of LGS Trust) and Mr. Rajesh N V, Assistant Professor, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru. The
Project report of the same is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor
of Engineering degree in Department of Computer Science and Engineering by Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2022-2023.
Date: Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy

Place: Bengaluru 1BY21CS064
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the project report which would be
complete only with the mention of the almighty God and the people who made it possible, whose report
rewarded the effort with success of project presentation
We are grateful to BMS Institute of Technology and Management for providing us an opportunity to
enhance our knowledge through the project.
We express our sincere thanks to Dr. Mohan Babu G N, Principal, BMSIT&M for providing us an
opportunity and means to present the project.
We express our heart full thanks to Dr. Thippeswamy G, Professor and Head, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, BMSIT&M for encouragement in our project work, whose cooperation and
guidance helped in nurturing this project report.
We would like to express profound thanks to the project guide Mr. Rajesh N V, Assistant Professor,
Project head and Internal Guide, Department of Computer Science and Engineering for the keen interest
and encouragement in our project presentation.
We extend our thanks to the LGS Social Resource and Research Center for their effort and endurance
to bring out the best in us.
Finally, we would like to thank our family members and friends for standing with us through all times.
Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy
[1BY21CS064]
ABSTRACT
The AICTE Activity Points project has the focus on applying engineering skills to solve the social
problems existing in India. The project “Agri Job Opportunities Platform in Rural Areas” throws a light
on possible opportunity for the engineering solution in the development of Job Opportunities in the
Agriculture segment particularly in Rural Areas. The Project is executed in 2 phases, Theoretical and
Practical Phase.
In Theoretical Phase, the meaning of Labour, Labourer and its classification were studied. The existence
and origin of agriculture labour since the Ancient Period were analyzed. The reason for the existence of
gap or differentiation between the agriculture labour and agriculture land owner is studied. The thinking
process irrespective of right or wrong happened in the labour and owner segment has contributed to the
today’s complication in the Agri Labour segment. The government policies supporting agri labourer and
owner were studied. The gap existing in policies addressing the labour – owner issues were explored.
Finally, the practically implementable solution in addressing such issues were elaborated in this project
In Practical Phase, a data survey is conducted with 20 individuals. For every individual, 60 questions
regarding the Agri Labour issue, Present solutions, its ineffectiveness, necessity of engineering solution
were discussed. The survey is helping in analyzing the type of Engineering Solutions needed to provide
platform for the agri job opportunities in rural areas. The complete analysis of 1200 answers collected is
recorded along with photos.
The Final probable solutions along with Financial, Legal and Beneficiary analysis to bridge the gap in
agri jobs were discussed. This solution has a potential to be implemented in the Practical world with the
necessary infrastructures.
PROJECT FEATURES AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Project Name: Agri Job Opportunities Platform in Rural Areas
Project Category as per AICTE Preparing an Actionable Business Proposal for

Activity Points: Enhancing the Village Income
Total Hours of Involvement: 80 Hours
Total Activity Point Earned by this

20 Points
Project:
Implementation Plan:
For the easiness of Implementation, the project was divided to 2 phases. In each phase, the separate
dynamics of the project was understood.
Phase-1 details:
• 10 Hours of Theory Class understanding the Source of Problem, Features of Problem, Present
Solutions, Success and Failure of Present Solutions, The Possible Solution to solve such issues
• 20 Hours of Case Studies, Interviews and Problem Analysis
Phase-2 details:
• 40 Hours of Practical Survey and Ground Work with the nearby Beneficiaries
• 05 Hours of suggesting Engineering Solution
• 05 Hours of Report writing
Implementation Plan of Project for 80 Hours

Phase – 1 Phase – 2
(30 Hours) (50 Hours)
Theory – Case Study – Report Practical Survey – Engg Solution - Report
Under the LGS Trust Mentorship Under the LGS Trust Mentorship
NGO Darpan Id GSTIN
Project Completion Certificate 29AABTL9441K1Z3
KA/2020/0254433
LGS Social Innovation and Research Centre

An initiative of LGS TRUST ®
College: BMSIT&M
Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy
Course: BE
Branch: CSE for participating in a 80 Hours of Theory and Practical on Project
“Agri Job Opportunities Platform in Rural Areas” designed to award
USN : 1BY21CS064 20 Activity Points towards the “AICTE Activity Points Program” from
Certificate ID : AJR00C5102 15-Dec-2022 to 05-Jan-2023
Mr. B G Shivanna Mr. Harsha S Mrs. B Kowsalya

An Initiative of LGS Trust ®
No.126, 1st Floor, Aadri, 7th Cross, 2nd Main, Hoysalanagar, Sunkadakatte, Bangalore - 560091
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “Agri Job Opportunities Platform in Rural Areas”
carried out by Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy bearing USN: 1BY21CS064 and NGO Certificate ID
AJR00C5102 a bonafide student of BMS Institute of Technology and Management in
executing tasks for 80 Hours needed to earn 20 AICTE Activity Points for the AICTE Activity
Points Project on the partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in
Department of Computer Science and Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi during the year 2022-23.
It is certified that the student has participated in all the activities assigned by Centre that can
impart knowledge on the project. It is also certified that student has involved in making the best
model to help the society and solve the social problem related to the project. The tasks created
as per the terms of University are executed by the Student. We, the NGO find that student has
met the criterion to award the 20 Activity Points as per the University rules.
Signature of NGO Resource Person

Signature of NGO Key Person
Mr. Harsha S
M.Tech, PGDFCS Mr. B G Shivanna
LGS Social Innovation and Research Centre President, LGS Trust
lgstrustindia@gmail.com lgstrustindia@gmail.com
Ph: 9448165040 / 9742942597 Ph: 9448165040 / 9742942597
An Initiative of LGS Trust ®
No.126, 1st Floor, Aadri, 7th Cross, 2nd Main, Hoysalanagar, Sunkadakatte, Bangalore - 560091
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “Agri Job Opportunities Platform in Rural Areas” was
carried out by “LGS Social Innovation and Research Centre, an initiative of LGS Trust” under
the guidance of Mr. B.G. Shivanna, a Red Cross Coordinator, NSS Coordinator, Himalaya Wood
Badge Holder, Scouts and Guides Instructor
My suggestion was considered in creating the syllabus, conducting theory class – Survey – Case
Study and Practical Surveys. The implementation was done as per the standards to make
students learn the social problems and come up with the solution for the same.
The procedures followed by the LGS Social Innovation and Research Centre towards this project
to earn 20 AICTE Activity Points for the student is satisfactory as per my experience in the Red
Cross - Scouts and Guides,
Signature of NGO Resource Person

Signature of Red Cross Coordinator
Mr. Harsha S
Mr. B. G. Shivanna M.Tech, PGDFCS
B.A., M.P.Ed, LGS Social Innovation and Research Centre
Red Cross Coordinator harshas@lgstrust.com
Ph: 9448165040 / 9880436959 Ph: 9448165040 / 9742942597
CONTENTS
Chapter 01 Introduction to AICTE Activity Points 1

Chapter 02 Problem Statement 2
Chapter 03 Vision & Mission of Project 3
Chapter 04 LGS Social Innovation and Research Centre 4
Chapter 05 Introduction to Farm Labour 5
Chapter 06 History of Farm Labour 8
Chapter 07 Government Schemes on Agri Labour 11
Chapter 08 Ongoing Solutions of Agri Labour 12
Chapter 09 Comparison of Agri and Non-Agri Jobs 12
Chapter 10 Engineering Solution from LGS Trust 14
Chapter 11 Practical Works Needed 16
Chapter 12 Pie Chart Analysis of Data Survey 21
Chapter 13 Collage of the Photos Collected during Data Survey 28
Chapter 14 Student’s Engineering Solution to the Project 31
Chapter 15 Conclusion – Reference 32
Appendix Case Study Questions 32
Chapter 01
Introduction to AICTE Activity Points
Indian government via AICTE and Universities has mandated the Engineering Students to earn the AICTE
Activity Points in the Engineering Curriculum with the objective of
• Enhancing the Application Skill of Students

• Make students understand the insights of Indian Society Issues
• Developing Engineering Solutions to Indian Society Issues
• Promoting Social Entrepreneurship among Engineering Students
• An attempt to solve Indian Society Issues with Technology
In comparison, Engineering Solution is seen in less than 10% in the following segments of Rural India:
• Rural Development
• Agriculture
• Animal Husbandry
• Agriculture Marketing
• Rural Employment
• Promoting Local Tourism
• Women Empowerment
• Reducing Malnutrition
• Solid Waste Management
Today atleast one CEO of top 10 companies in world is from India. But India itself is struggling to solve the
social problems.
People interested to solve Rural Problems are:

• Lacking the technology knowledge
• Lacking the Implementation Strategy
• Lacking the introduction of Sustainability to the Projects
• Lacking the public involvement
• Lacking the professionalism in the projects
People with expertise in above segments are not interested to solve Rural Problems as:
• They prefer commercialization than Service
Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 1

• Implementation has to start from elementary stage

• Lack of Public support in Rural Areas
• Lack of Infrastructures in Rural Areas
• Decreasing population in Rural Areas
• Unorganized segments are seen in Rural Areas
AICTE Activity Points is very essential in shaping India for the sustainable life style
Chapter 02
Problem Statement
In India, Agriculture plays a major role in the National Economy. Post Independence, government started
giving priority to the Secondary Sector and Tertiary Sector. Agriculture still is such a segment that is dependent
on the nature for its sustainability. Though 60% of Indian population is dependent on agriculture for the
livelihood, Indian Government could not make it well organized. Many segments in the Agriculture such as
Sowing, Land fertility, Pesticides, Fungicides, Fertilizers, Insecticides, Nutrition, Flowering, Fruiting,
Harvesting, Marketing, Sales, Cold Storage and Post Harvest Management are not yet seen complete
sustainability
As organization and sustainability decreased for agriculture and increased for the Secondary and Tertiary
Sector, many started either leaving the agriculture or becoming a agriculturist by hobby. As a result agriculture
lacked the exponential development in past decades. Though green revolution has started in 1970’s, the side
effects were witnessed only after 1990’s.
Following contributed to the failure of agriculture afterwards:

• Irregularity of Rain Pattern
• Decreasing Soil Fertility by Green Revolution
• Imbalance in Demand and Supply for Agriculture Products
• Increasing sustainability in the other segments
Many Agri dependent individuals started working in:

• Garments
• Factories
• IT Industries

• Hotels and Restaurants
As a result, today Agriculture is devoid of labours to do the work. Following are some issues:
• Many labours are available in the drought lands
• Few labours are there in green lands
• Labour unavailability in the peak harvest/sowing time
• Mechanization is not effective as it has not reached to all the villages
• At one end, agri labourers are not having jobs
• At other end, agri land owners are not having labours
• Non availability of labour service to Small and Marginal Farmers
• Vulnerability of Bonded Labourship at Large Land holding Farmers
Hence a platform is needed to interconnect the agri labours with the agri land owners irrespective of any peak
time. However the skills development in every labour regarding the agriculture is essential. This project
addresses the engineering solution that has potential to fill the wide gap existing in the agriculture segment
between agriculture labours and agriculture land owners. Developing such solution helps in
• Enhancing the Rural Economy
• Enhancing the National Economy
• Enhancing the Employment and Entrepreneurship
• Sustainable development of Agriculture
Chapter 03
Vision of the Project
This project is aimed at the development of Social Entrepreneurship that can resolve the problem statements
listed. However such initiation needs the equal participation of Management and Engineering Technology.
Considering the scope of Project, the development of Start-up plan is proposed and implementation is planned
for the future.
Mission of the Project

In this project, with the availability of 80 Hours to complete the project, only following activities can be
undertaken by keeping the Vision of Project as the basis.

Theoretical Understanding of the

• Agri Labourers and their needs
• Main reasons for the agri labourers to leave the agriculture
• Solving labour issue alone cannot contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture
• Policies of Agri Labour and Agri Land Owner
• Gap in the government policy towards agri labour issue
• Present solutions to address this issue
• Ineffectiveness of present solution
• Alternate engineering solution to address this issue
Practical Data Survey with 20 Individuals on

• Collecting answer to 1200 questions from a total of 20 Individuals
• Collecting answers to 60 questions from each individual
• Developing the public opinion on the Agri Labour Issues
• Analyzing the public opinion on the need of Engineering Solution
• Understanding the effect of such solution platform in Society
• Severity of problem in society
• Priority to be taken to address such issue
Chapter 04
“LGS Social Innovation and Research Centre” is an initiative of the NGO “LGS Trust ®”. They are the social
workers working on the Social Innovation. They are located in Bangalore. Their main objective is identifying
the Social Problem, executing the survey, developing the solution on paper, implementing the prototype of the
same. They are supporting students in the implementation of AICTE Activity Points. This project is
implemented with their support.
Mode of Implementation in this Project:
As the project needs minimum of 80 Hours activity, the following activities are done by student

Activity Accountable for Details / Proof listed in

Theory Information 10 Hours Chapter 05 - 10
Case Study Questions 20 Hours Appendix
Public Survey Activity 40 Hours Chapter 11 - 13
Engineering Solution by Student 05 Hours Chapter 14
Project Report 05 Hours Not Applicable
Chapter 05
Introduction to Farm Labour
Farm Labour is any such person
• Who are Semiskilled / Unskilled / Skilled
• Who works on field for majority of time
• Who is dependent on the Farm Work for the primary income source
• Who works on his own field or other’s field
Only an employee cannot be considered as Farm Labour. Any person whether owner or worker who works on
land and dependent on same for the income are considered as the Farm Labour. Following are some of the
activities done by Farm Labour:
• Land Preparation
• Sowing
• Fertilizer – Pesticide Spraying
• Irrigation
• Plant Nutrition Level Monitoring
• Harvest
• Packing
• Loading and Unloading
• Selling in Market
• Animal Husbandry
He works in following conditions:

• Working for 12 Hours per day
• Has only 1 holiday per week

• Earns only Rs.300 wages per day

• Does more physical work
• Works under open environment
• Job is not a permanent one and is seasonal
• Malnutrition in his own body
• No fixed income
• No hike in his salary
Farm Labourer can be classified based on:

1. Type of Work done
2. Type of Skills
3. Nature of Labour
Farm Labourer Classification based on the type of work done:

Agriculture itself is a dynamic and wide segment. There is multiple mode of works to be done in this segment.
Hence based on the nature of work done by Labourer, they are classified as
• Farm Labourer – Works on Agri Fields
• Floriculture Labourer – Works on Flower Farming fields
• Aquaculture Labourer – Works in Fish Farms
• Poultry Labourer – Works in poultries
• Vermiculture Labourer – Works in Earthworm Farms
• Apicultue Labourer – Works in Apiaries
• Viticulture Labourer – Works in Grapeyards
All the above labourers are skilled and experts in their corresponding domains. Hence they are classified under
those particular jobs
Farm Labourer Classification based on type of skills:

Farm labourers are classified based on the farm skills they have as:
1. Skilled Labourer – Has complete knowledge on a crop from sowing to harvest
2. Semi Skilled Labourer – Has minimal knowledge on a crop
3. Un Skilled Labourer – Doesn’t have farming skills and can do only what has been assigned to
Farm Labourer Classification based on Nature of Labour:

Based on the type of commitment labour has with land owner, they are classified as:
• Attached Labour:

➢ They have permanent job with farm land owner.

➢ There is a risk of bonded labourship here
➢ Labour’s poorness may be exploited here for the work
• Casual Labour:
➢ They have temporary job with farm land owner
➢ They are further classified as:
▪ Small Land Holding Labourers
▪ Landless Labourers
▪ On Lease Working Labourers
▪ Share Cropping Laourers
Small Land Holding Labourers:

They work as labourer as they have only small land and are incapable of generating income from such
small lands. Hence they work on other’s land to generate income
Landless Labourers:
They work as labourer as they do not have any land. They depend on the agriculture for the primary
income source
On Lease Working Labourers:

Irrespective of the size of land they possess, they work for lease on the land for the income. The land is
taken for a lease for 3 to 10 years. The labourers pay the land owner a lumpsum amount and work on
field for the harvest. Such labourers are increasing today
Share cropping Labourers:

Here irrespective of the size of land they possess, labourers work in agreement with land owners for a
particular harvest. Land owner provides the land, invests on crops. Share cropping Labourers work there
for the harvest. This is a temporary arrangement. Today such types of labourers are also increasing

Chapter 06
History of Farm Labour
Agri Labourers exist in the world since ancient period. Whether it is ancient period, medieval period, modern
period or post independence period the state of agri labourers remained same.
For the ease of understanding, historical periods are considered as:

1) Ancient Period – 2000 BCE to 800 AD
2) Medieval Period – 800 AD to 1600 AD
3) Modern Period – 1600 AD to 1947 AD
4) Post Indian Independence Period – 1947 AD to till date
Let’s understand the existence of Farm Labourers in Ancient Period:
In Pre-Neolithic Period:
• Agriculture was not in existence
• Hence agri labour concept was not in existence
In Neolithic Period:
• Along with Hunting and Gathering, a culture of
growing started
• Around 9000 BCE, Fruits and Corn cultivation started
• Every tribes started culturing themselves for the fruits
and corns
• However there was no trace of agri labour as everyone
were doing the work on field
• The farm tools stand as eveidence for the existing
agriculture during Neolithic period
In Indus Valley Civilization:

• Agriculture existed in the Indus Valley Civilization.
The availability of Indus river water added to this
• There is no literary source for Agriculture and Agri Labour
• Alexander’s invasion records the existence of agriculture in Indus Valley
• Pictures and Terracota of Agriculture Tools and Bullock Carts proves the existence of Agriculture

• As craftsmen and other professions were utilising the labourers, the agriculture segment was also
utilising the service of labours
In Vedic Period:
• During vedic period:
➢ Cattle Rearing was primary livelihood means
➢ Agriculture was secondary livelihood means
• Agriculture Labour concept existed and is mentioned in Atharva Veda
• Labours and Bonded Labour concept was common in all segments
• Among the 4 varnas, Sudras were considered as labourers for all segments
• Slaves were sold in market for money
In Post Vedic Period:

• Increase in the population is seen after the Vedic Period.
• More dependency on the agriculture is seen after the vedic period due to population
• Increased Population and increased food necessity pushed people to be a agriculture labourer
• Bonded Labour became common
• Individual land concept did not exist, common land for all concept started
• Owners lived in one locality and the labourers lived in another locality
Following is the summary:

Let’s understand the existence of Farm Labourers in Medieval Period:

• It was completely an Agrarian Society
• Farming was priority for the livelihood
• Cattle rearing became the second priority for livelihood
• 10 % of people lived in city and rest in villages
• The kingdom conquerors were buying the labourers which
shows the proof that labourers did exist
• Bondage labour became common
• Labour without wages remained popular among upper castes
Let’s understand the existence of Farm Labourers in Modern Period:

• Modern Period is filled with the ruling of Europeans. They
continued the slavery system existed in the Medieval Period.
• They exploited the local slaves for the Cheap wages and more
time
• As Agriculture was the main profession during that period, the
agri labourers also existed.
Following were the main status of population:

• Increase in population
• Decrease in employment
• Increase on Agriculture Dependency
• Increase in landless individuals
• Increase in landless labours
All these contributed to the increase in exploitation of agri labourers as many were ready to work for very
cheap wages. Following census data were proof for the same
• In 1881 – 12.5 Million population in India were Agri Labourers
• In 1931 – 42.2 Million population in India were Agri Labourers
• In 1951 – 49 Million population in India were Agri Labourers
Let’s understand the existence of Farm Labourers post Independence Period:

Post Independence also, India faced malnutrition, less harvest, more labourers, less employment. Also India
declared Industry as priority in the Five Year Plans. However Government of India, is coming up with many
plans till today to
• Help the Agri Land Owners
• Help the Agri Labourers
• Help sustainable livelihood in the Agriculture
As a result of all these developments, industrialization, globalization, liberalization – Many Indian Agri
Labourers moved out of Agriculture and started settling in Industries. Hence today agriculture segment is facing
lack of agri labourers. Once we neglected agri labourers sustainability and today we are facing its result.
Chapter 07
Government Schemes on Agri Labour
To address the issues, agri labourers are facing – Government has come up with following schemes:
• Workmen Compensation Act – 1923
• Minimum Wages Act – 1948
• Bhoodan Movement – 1951
• Maternity Benefit Act – 1961
• Land Redistribution to Landless – 1970’s
• Kerala Agriculture Workers Act – 1974
• Bonded Labourer Abolition Act – 1976
• Equal Remuneration Act – 1978
• Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) - 1993
• Swayamjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana - 1999
• Rural Housing Indira Awaas Yojana - 2000
• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana - 2001
• Sampoorna Grameena Rozgar Yojana - 2001
• MGNREGA - 2006
• National Food Security Act - 2013
• Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana - 2015
• Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana – 2016 and much more

Chapter 08
Ongoing Solutions of Agri Labour
Following are some of the solutions that Land Owners and Labourers found by themselves
• All members should work on the same field and share the profit among themselves. This existed in
olden days but not now as people stopped trusting each other
• One set of family works on other’s land as labourers and other family should work in return as labourers
in this family’s land. This system is active in some villages but majority are not practising as there are
domestic quarrels existing among them
• Hire person from same village as Agri Labourers. This is active in few villages but not in all villages
due to the domestic fights, not giving wages on time, taking advance etc
• Hire person from neighbour village as Agri Labourers. This is active in majority of villages but not a
healthy practice as they are also vulnerable to bonded labour, not providing wages on time etc
• Hire person from far villages as Agri Labourers. This is active in majorrity of villages as they feel
labourers from far places will stay in the farm land and work for atleast 11 months
• Hire Labour Contractor to provide labourer as and when is vacant. This is popular among these days
• Mechanization – Though it is considered as replacedment of labourer, it is not. As Indians are not
following community farming, mono cropping the machine usage is very much limited. Hence though it
has a potential of replacing Farm Labourers, it has failed due to the Indian Farming Methods
Chapter 09
Comparison of Agri and Non-Agri Jobs


Hence, all of the above ongoing solutions have failed in creating

• Job opportunities for the agriculture labourers
• Provide Agri Labourers at right time to the Agri Land Owners
• Bring sustainable development to the life of Agri Labourers.
This shows a huge gap between Agri Labourers and Land Owners. This depicts the necessity of an effective
engineering solution in addressing them.
Chapter 10
Engineering Solution from LGS Trust
India has approximately 5,000 Taluks. For our understanding let’s consider that 5,000 Taluks for the analysis
purpose as agriculture exists in all 5,000 Taluks. Now we need to establish an organized segment to establish a
platform for the Agri Job Oppportunities in Rural Areas of all 5,000 Taluks. For that sake, let’s say we establish
a firm by name “Agri Mitra Services Pvt Ltd” herein called as AMSPL
Agri Mitra Services Pvt Ltd:

• It is an imaginative company established for development of Agri Job Opportunities across India.
• Agri Job in specific means employment to work on Farm Fields. It is not connected to any sales,
marketing jobs. It’s completely about the Agri Labourer Jobs.
• It is established as a NGO
• Main objective of the firm is:
✓ Bridge the gap between the Agri Labourer and Owner
✓ Involve technology in the Agri Labour Works

✓ Impart skills to the Farm Labourers

✓ Increase the sustainability of farming
Let’s study the work of “Agri Mitra Services PVT LTD” in each and every segment
1) Day to Day Employment:
• It is a service to provide temporary employment from few hours to few days to Agri Labourers
• It is a service to provide temporary labours to land owners from few hours to few days
• It has pool of resources ready to work for the day basis
• It has pool of owners ready to accept the service of labours for day basis
• This segment provides the verified ratings on labour’s Skills, Profession and service
• It has verified ratings of Agri Land Owner on his work type, Service acceptance & other details
• It connects the labours and land owners within the 10 KMS radius of the Land owner or Land
Labourer
• The app helds responsible to provide wages to labourer and collect the same from labourer
• App does not charges any commission. However labourer and owner needs to be a member of app
by paying Rs. 100 / Person / year
2) Annual Employment:
• This service is similar to the previous service except that the labour needs to work for a period of
year and not on a temporary basis
3) Task Based Employment:

• Here labour service is availed only on the necessity such as Sowing, Harvesting etc. Hence it is
completely necessity oriented. The other services are similar to the one discussed in previous section
4) Lease / Share Cropping Service:

• In this segment, the Land Owners and Interested Share croppers are connected on a particular
Memorandum of Understanding. It is the responsibility of the NGO to make sure none exploits
others
5) Micro Finance Services:
• The firm provides advances to Land Owners and Labourers on a micro finance basis with less
interest.
6) Skill Development Services:

• Provide the skills to labourers and owners on the recent farming trends and the farm machines
According to the survey, such services help in resolving the existing issue in Agri Job issues in the Rural Areas.
The Financial, Statutory and Performance analysis of Franchiser and Franchisee is made. The engineering
solution needed here is the platform development, website development, involving public, utilizing technology
to involve the farmers in utilizing the service at less price.
Chapter 11
Practical Works Needed
On the account of available 50 hours for the practical works, the following activities are done in the initial
stages:
• Interacting with the Public about this topic
• Discussing the current solution’s ineffectiveness with public
• Interviewing the 20 such individuals about the necessity of such Engineering Solution
• Asking 59 questions related to Agri Job opportunities to each individual / farmer
• Collecting 1200 answers from all 20 individuals along with photo
• Generating analysis along with graphs
• Developing a graph for the public voice
Data is collected on the Website of LGS Social Innovation and Research Centre www.lgstrust.com
• Interview is done with 20 individuals / farmers / Public

• Photo of each individual is attached to the interview
• Finally the analysis report is generated (Pie Chart is generated from the analysis of group of 10 students)
Following are the list of questions asked in survey

Personal Details
01 Photo
02 Full Name
Male
03 Sex Female
Transgender
Rural Area
04 Living in Rural / Urban Area
Urban Area
05 Age
Farmer
Are you a Farmer / Agri Land Owner / Agri Agri Land Owner
06
Labourer / Common Public..?? Agri Labourer
Common Public
< 1 Year
07 Your experience in Agriculture Labourer Issues 1 Year - 3 Years
> 3 Years
Basic (< 1 Year)
08 Your knowlede in Agriculture Labourer Issues Intermediate (1 Year - 3 Years)
Expert (> 3 Years)
No Experience
< 1 Year
09 Years of Experience in Agriculture
1 Year - 3 Years
> 3 Years
Opinion as a Agri Labourer
One who works on Others Land for Salary..??
10 Who is Agri Labourer according to You..?? One who works on land irrespective of His
own/Others Land..??
No Experience
< 1 Year
11 Years of Experience as a Agri Labourer
1 Year - 3 Years
> 3 Years
Yes
12 Agri Labourer is always a Poor Person
No
Agri Labourer always suffer from Malnutrition, yet Yes
13
he does more hard work No
Agri Labourer Profession is treated as less Yes
14
dignified by the People No
Today Bonded Labour is completely abolished in Yes
15
India No
Yes
16 Agri Labourers need ESI / PF facility
No
Agri Labourers does not know their rights provided Yes

17
by the Government Schemes on Labours No
Yes
18 Agri Labourer has assured work for 365 days
No

The term Agri Labourer has to be replaced as Agri Yes

19
Employee No
Yes
20 Most of the Agri Labourers are Illiterates
No
Male Labourer wages are far more than Female Yes
21
Labourers No
1) They are not Interested to work on Fields
22 Today Agri Labourers are not working in lands as 2) Their Children are educated and helping them to
work in less hard jobs
1) No Permanent Job as Labourer
2) Less Salary to Agri Labourer
23 What are Agri Labourer Issues…?? 3) More hard work involved
4) No dignity in society for Agri Labourer Profession
5) All of the above
1) Government has to provide dignity to Labour
Profession
2) Assured Job for 365 days needed
3) Assured minimum Salary with ESI and PF benefits
24 Solution to Agri Labourer Issues are…
needed
4) Assuring better income to Farmer / Agri Land
Owner
5) All of the above
Yes
25 Are you ready to work as Agri Labourer
No
Engineering solution is needed to solve Agri Yes
26
Labourer issues No
Opinion as a Agri Land Owner
Yes
27 Agri Labourer feels Land Owner is exploiting them
No
Earning of some land owners are less than Agri Yes
28
Labourer No
Life of some land owners are more miserable than Yes
29
the Agri Labourers No
Agri Labourer has the assured income but not the Yes
30
Agri Land Owner No
Yes
31 It is difficult to find the Labourers in Harvest time
No
Government is interested to solve Agri Labourer Yes
32
issues but not the Land Owner's No
Machines are the perfect replacement of Agri Yes
33
Labourers No
1 Machine replaces 5 Labourers work and expenses Yes
34
on an average No
To adopt Machines as the perfect replacement of
Yes
35 Agri Labourers, Farmer has to change the pattern
No
of growing

Yes
36 Government is Labourer Friendly
No
High purchase cost
Necessity of skilled Machine Operator
37 Machines are not reachable to all farmers due to
Lack of Service Centres
All of the above
Farmers with < 1 Acre of Land
38 More affected by Agri Labourers are Farmers with 1 Acre - 5 Acre of Land
Farmers with > 5 Acres of Land
Most of the Land owners are working today as Agri Yes
39
Labourers for the part time No
Nuclear family is the reason for Agri Labourer Yes
40
shortage No
There are less government schemes for the assured Yes
41
income to farmer No
Yes
42 Farmer needs solution and not the loan / charity
No
Engineering solution is needed to solve Agri Yes
43
Labourer issues No
Opinion on Engineering Solution
Today the Agriculture sector is lacking People Negligency
44
development due to Lack of Engineering Solution
Increase the Number of Active Farmers
Solve Agri Labourer Issues
45 Engineering Solution can Make Farming a sustainable segment
Can bring dignity to Farmer Profession
All of the above
Government Schemes
46 What does a Farmer and Farm Labourer needs..??
Engineering Solutions
They does not know Agriculture Methods
Lack of understanding the Agri Issues
Main Reason for Engineers to show lack of interest Tendency to settle in Urban Areas
47
to solve Agri Issues Lack of potential revenue in Agriculture
Lack of knowledge in Engineers
All of the above
A Firm is needed to bridge between Agri Labourer Yes
48
and Agri Land Owner No
A firm is needed to certify the skills of Agri Yes
49
Labourer No
Skilled Courses are very much essential to be Yes
50
provided to Agri Labourers No
Blend of Agri Machines, Skilled and Unskilled
Yes
51 Labourer can bring effective solution to Labour
No
issues

If an engineering solution provides network to

Yes
52 assure 365 day jobs to Agri Labourers, it can solve
No
labour issues
If an engineering solution provides network
Yes
53 assuring agri labourer availability for 365 days, it
No
can solve land owner issues
Website is not a solution to agi labourer issues as Yes
54
most are illiterates No
Literacy cannot push one to stop working as Agri Yes
55
Labourer unless good income is assured No
Agri Labourer Solution must be an excellent
Yes
56 networked similar to the service available for 4
No
Wheeler Services
Until and unless good price is assured for the
Yes
57 harvest, the Agri Labourer solution cannot be
No
effective
Any profession that does not provide facility to

Yes
58 Farmers are curse to the nation, as they are
No
motivating people to do work other than farming
Farmer needs engineering solution but he himself is

Yes
59 not motivating his engineer son/daughter to work
No
for Agriculture Segment
Engineer license must be cancelled, if he does not

Yes
60 work in farmer segment for atleast one month in
No
one year

Chapter 12
Pie Chart Analysis of Data Survey







Chapter 13
Collage of the Photos Collected during Data Survey



Chapter 14
Student’s Engineering Solution to the Project
Problem Statement:
Provide Necessary Engineering Solution to address the Technology gaps in
1. Filling the shortage of Unskilled Labour in Agriculture Segments
2. Filling the shortage of Skilled Labour in Agriculture Segments
3. Interconnecting the Labours and Land Owners in Agriculture Segment
4. Enhancing the availability and reachability of Farm Machine to Farmers
5. Enhancing the Farm Machine Skill to Agri Labours and Land Owners
Solution:
1. Implementing automated systems for tasks such as planting, irrigation, and harvesting could help reduce
the dependence on labour. This could include the use of robotic systems or precision farming
technologies such as GPS-guided tractors.
The development of technologies that make agricultural tasks easier and more efficient could help
reduce the labour required for certain tasks. For example, designing tools and equipment that require
less physical effort could help reduce the labour required for tasks such as weeding.
Implementing precision farming techniques such as precision irrigation and precision fertilization can
help reduce the labour required to manage crops.
Providing training and education programs to help unskilled workers develop the skills they need to
work in agriculture could help address labour shortages. This could include training programs that teach
workers how to operate new technology and equipment.
Offering higher wages and better benefits could help attract more workers to the agricultural industry.
2. Robotic technologies can reduce the need for human labour in certain tasks. For example, precision
agriculture technologies such as GPS-guided tractors and drones can be used to plant, fertilize and spray
crops with greater precision and efficiency, reducing the need for manual labour.
Smart agricultural technologies such as sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) devices and machine learning
algorithms can be used to optimize crop production, reduce waste and increase efficiency. For example,
sensors can be used to monitor soil moisture levels and adjust irrigation accordingly, while machine
learning algorithms can be used to predict crop yields and optimize planting patterns.

Online training and education platforms can be used to provide agricultural workers with the skills they
need to be effective in their roles. For example, online courses and videos can be used to teach workers
about the latest technologies and best practices in agriculture.
Telemedicine technologies can be used to remotely connect agricultural workers with medical
professionals, reducing the need for on-site medical personnel and increasing access to health care in
rural areas.
Remote monitoring technologies such as cameras and sensors can be used to monitor crops and
livestock remotely, reducing the need for physical inspections and allowing workers to focus on more
critical tasks.
3. Online platforms such as websites and apps can be used to connect laborers with landowners looking for
help with tasks such as planting, harvesting and maintaining crops. These platforms can also be used to
negotiate terms, schedule work and manage payments.
Cell phones and other portable communication devices can be used to connect workers and landowners
in real time, allowing them to easily communicate and coordinate tasks.
GPS tracking technology can be used to locate workers and landowners in the field, allowing them to
more easily coordinate tasks and share information.
Data management technologies such as cloud storage and software can be used to store and share
information about crops, soil conditions and other important factors, helping both workers and
landowners make informed decisions.
Electronic payment systems such as mobile banking applications and online payment platforms can be
used to facilitate the exchange of money between laborers and landowners, reducing the need for cash
transactions and making payments easier to manage.
4. Rental and leasing programs can be used to make agricultural machinery available to farmers who may
not have the funds to purchase it outright. These programs can also be used to encourage farmers to
switch to newer, more efficient machinery.
Online platforms such as websites and apps can be used to connect farmers with suppliers and service
providers who can provide the machinery they need. These platforms can also be used to negotiate
terms, schedule maintenance and repairs, and manage payments.
Mobile phones and other portable communication devices can be used to connect farmers with suppliers
and service providers in real time, allowing them to easily communicate and coordinate tasks.
Data management technologies such as cloud storage and software can be used to store and share
information about the performance and maintenance of agricultural machinery, helping farmers and
suppliers to optimize their equipment and ensure it is in good working order.

To increase the availability and reach of farm machinery for farmers in India is to find ways to facilitate
communication and collaboration and make it easier for both parties to access the information and
resources they need. Adopting these and other technologies can improve efficiency and ensure farmers
have the tools they need to succeed.
5. Online training and education platforms can be used to equip agricultural workers and landowners with
the skills they need to use agricultural machinery effectively. For example, online courses and videos
can be used to teach workers how to properly operate and maintain tractors, combines, and other farm
machinery.
Simulation and virtual reality (VR) training technologies can be used to provide hands-on, interactive
training for agricultural workers and landowners. These technologies can be used to simulate real-world
scenarios and allow workers to train in the use of agricultural machinery in a safe and controlled
environment.
On-site training and support programs can be used to provide personalized one-on-one training and
support to agricultural workers and landowners. These programs can be tailored to meet the specific
needs and skills of workers and can be used to provide hands-on training and troubleshooting assistance.
Maintenance and repair training programs can be used to teach agricultural workers and landowners
how to perform basic maintenance and repairs on farm machinery. This can help extend the life of the
machinery and reduce the need for costly repairs.
Mobile apps and software can be used to give farmers and landowners access to information and
resources on the go. For example, apps can be used to provide operating instructions, troubleshooting
guides and maintenance schedules for farm machinery.
If you want to improve the skills of agricultural workers and landowners when it comes to using
agricultural machinery, you need to find ways to give them access to high-quality interactive training
and support. By adopting these and other technologies, it is possible to improve the skills and
knowledge of agricultural workers and landowners and ensure that they are able to use agricultural
machinery effectively and efficiently.

Chapter 15
Conclusion
Majority of the interviewed individuals has expressed the following
• Wide gap in Agri Land Labourers and Agri Labourers

• Necessity of Engineering Solution in the addressing Labour issues
• Necessity of Organized platform for the Agri Job Opportunities in Rural Areas
The engineering solution needed here is the platform development, website development, involving public,
utilizing technology to create attractions in every tourist spots. This project needs equal participation of
business and engineering skills. In this 80 hours of work, the problem statement analysis and the ground work
of data interview can be done. This solution can be implemented only if another 300 hours of involvement is
done
References
• www.lgstrust.com
• https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/essays/essay-on-agricultural-labourers-in-india/17685
• https://www.indiaagronet.com/Government-Agriculture-Schemes/
• http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/feb-mar-2007/engpdf/page23-28.pdf
• https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/hasbach/AgrLab.pdf
• https://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Agriculture/lang--en/index.htm
• http://www.ndvsu.org/images/StudyMaterials/LPM/Labour-management.pdf
Appendix
Following are the list of 20 case study questions worked on the Project:
1) Do a short interview with Parent / Farmer about the Farm Labourer..?? Ask him / her the following
questions
a. Since how long the Farm Labourer is staying with them..??
b. Are they dependent on Temporary or Permanent Labour..??
c. Is there a necessity of labourer when Farm Machines are available..??
d. How much of money is paid to Labourer as the Salary..??
e. Is Labourer from local area or foreign states..??
Capture a photo of You taking interview with Parent / Farmer (For Education Use Only). If you have
privacy issue make only your photo visible. But the photo of interview taking is mandatory. Attach the same

2) Search on the internet about the Firm providing hiring service to the Farm Land Owner and the Farm
Labourer..??
a. Name such firm in India if available
b. Is there any such firm in foreign countries..??
c. Name the firms providing such services in foreign countries..??
d. Can such firm solves the issue associated to Farm Labourer / Owner\
3) If you were given a role of District Commissioner for a day to solve Agriculture Labourer issue. How
would you address the issue..?? Discuss on the following….!!
a. Measures taken to identify the Agri Labour Demand and Supply issue
b. What policy will you implement to limit exploitation of farm labourer by the farm owner
c. What policy will you implement to make sure farm labourer works with best efficiency
4) Do a short interview with nearby Garmernts / Industrial Worker about the Labour issue.. Ask him / her the
following questions
a. Are they the agriculture labourer before working in industry..??
b. How many acres of agriculture does they own in their hometown..??
c. What made them to leave agriculture land and start working in the industry..??
d. Is labour issue in Industry and Farmland – the same..??
e. Now a days Demand for labourer is more inspite of machinery introduction in farming. Does he/she
agree with this..??
Capture a photo of You taking interview with Hotel Owner / Worker (For Education Use Only). If you have
privacy issue make only your photo visible. But the photo of interview taking is mandatory. Add Interview
photo
5) Do a short search on the internet to answer the following about agriculture from 2011 Census
a. How many acres are in India..??
b. How many aerable / agriculture acres are in India..??
c. How many Farm Labourers are in India..??
6) Government is coming up with the policy to save exploitation of Farm Labourer but introducing the Farm
Machinery to make farm owner independent of the Farm Labourer
a. What is your perspective on this...???
b. Is government creating more distance between the Farm Labourer and Owner…?? If so – Why..??
c. Is government favouring only farm labourers on policies..??? If so – Why…??
7) Government too have employees. If so Government becomes employer and the staff becomes employee
a. Has government ensured right policies to its employees.???
b. Has government succeeded in extracting the efficient work from its staff..??
c. Is there no any issues in Govt Staff and Govt Management..??
d. If so – Why strikes happen from Govt Staff..??
e. If everything is smooth in govt firm, why are such firms are in loss till today..??

8) Is labourer – Owner issue existing from Ancient period itself…??? Justify your answer. Include the
following in your justification
a. Why employee always plans to deceive employer…??
b. Why employer always plans to find mistake in employee..??
c. Why is there not a trust between employee and employer..??\
d. Is this a unsolvable issue…??
e. Have you experienced any such issue in your career..???
9) Farmers and Agriculture Labourers are leaving the Agriculture segment and Rural areas as the segment
itself is uncertain and cannot assure the fixed income for the life
a. Is this true from your perspective...??
b. Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective...??
c. Is this true from farmer perspective...??
d. Justify with 5 reasons from Farmer perspective...??
10) Let it be any innovation and struggle, No one can uplift the Farming and make it a profitable for the
Farmers. The Farming sector is itself a loss segment.
a. Is this true from your perspective
b. Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
c. Is this true from farmer perspective
d. Justify with 5 reasons from Farmer perspective
11) If Agriculture is profitable then the Land Owner can pay a good amount of wages to the labourer and give
him all facilities that the industries can provide with.
Labourer are now facing issue as Farm Land Owner cannot make profit. Hence the reason for the issue of
Labourer is the Government and not the Land Owner
• Is this true from your perspective
• Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
• Is this true from farmer perspective
• Justify with 5 reasons from Farmer perspective
12) If, Agriculture is made profitable then Consumers has to pay more amount to the vegetables, cereals and
fruits. Hence it is better to push farmers in loss and we consumers to enjoy the benefit of it.
• Is this true from your perspective
• Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
• Is this true from farmer perspective
• Justify with 5 reasons from Farmer perspective
13) Do a short interview with farmer owning a Machines (Tractor / Tiller / Harvester). Ask him / her the
following questions
• Is Machanized Farming the complete replacement of Agri Labourers..??
• Can he do farming without Skilled Labourers..??
• Community Farming is the necessity of era to gain the benefits of mechanized farming..?? Is this
true

• How much has he invested on machines and what are the yearly maintenance expenses for the
machines..??
• Can he get benefits if all 100 machines are available in the village for rental..??
Capture a photo of You taking interview with Farmer (For Education Use Only). If you have privacy issue
make only your photo visible. But the photo of interview taking is mandatory. Add Interview photo.
14) If you are working as the Agriculture Labourer for one month. What are your expectations..??
Include the following in your answer
• What salary do you expect..??
• What facility has to be provided…??
• Are you ready to work in the sunny day, rainy day…??
• Do you like to learn skills first or join the job directly..??
• Your efficiency influences owner to decide if Agriculture is profitable or not. Do you agree. If
yes…Why..??
15) Nuclear Families are the main reason to increase the Agri Labourers issue in the world. Is this true from
your perspective..?? Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
16) Media is the only medium to reach farmers in India. A movie with the concept of solving Agri
Labourer Issues can give more impact on implementing the solution in Rural Areas. Is this true from your
perspective..?? Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
17) More engineers are ready to invest even crores of money for the startup of Hotel, software products but
not on the Agriculture Segment Is this true from your perspective...?? Justify with 5 reasons from your
perspective
18) If Agri-thons were conducted atleast the number of times Hackathons were conducted, we would have seen
improvement in the solutions to Agri problems Is this true from your perspective..??? Justify with 5 reasons
from your perspective
19) Do a case study on the Dharmasthala Yantradare Farmer Services. Include following in the Case Study:
Investment ratio, Success Ratio and Hurdles for the rapid development Reference Website:
https://skdrdpindia.org/programmes/agriculture/chsc/
20) How can we give dignity to the work of farmers and farm labourers..?? Give answers in your own
perspective in 5 lines

PROJECT NAME:Agri Job Opportunities platform in
Rural Areas
Assignment No:01
Name: H J CHAKRADHAR REDDY
USN: A70
AICTE Activity Points Assignments Project

Assignment Questions
1) Do a short interview with Parent / Farmer about the Farm Labourer ? Ask him / her the following
questions
a. Since how long did the Farm Labourer staying with them ?
Answer: 20 years
b. Are they dependent on Temporary or Permanent

Labour..??
Answer: Temporary
c. Is there a necessity of labourer when Farm Machines

are available..??
Answer: yes
d. How much of money is paid to Labourer as the

Salary..??
Answer: rs25000
e. Is
Labourer from the local area or foreign states..??

Answer: local
Capture a photo of You taking an interview with a Parent / Farmer (For Education Use Only). If you
have privacy issues, make only your photo visible. But taking a photo of an interview is mandatory.
Attach the same
2) Search on the internet about the Firm providing hiring service to the Farm Land Owner and the
Farm Labourer..??
a. Name such firm in India if available

Answer:Hosachiguru
b. Is there any such firm in foreign countries..??

Answer: CICcanadajobs
c. Name the firms providing such services in foreign countries..??

Answer:greentech resources
d. Can such a firm solve the issue associated with Farm Labourer / Owner?
Answer:YES
3) If you were given a role of District Commissioner for a day to solve the Agriculture Labourer issue.
How would you address the issue..?? Discuss on the following….!!
a. Measures taken to identify the Agri Labor Demand and Supply issue
Answer:
b. What policy will you implement to limit exploitation of farm laborers by the farm owner c. What
policy will you implement to make sure farm laborer works with best efficiency
Answer:
4) Do a short interview with nearby Garments / Industrial Worker about the Labor issue.. Ask him /
her the following questions
a. Are they the agriculture laborer before working in
industry..??
Answer: Yes
b. How many acres of agriculture does they own in

their
hometown..??
Answer: 1.5 acres
c. What made them to leave agriculture land and start

working in the industry..??
Answer: lack of income
Drought
Children's education.
d. Is labor issue in Industry and Farmland – the
Same..??
Answer: almost
e. Now a days Demand for laborer is more inspite of

machinery introduction in farming. Does he/she agree with this..??
Answer: no
Capture a photo of You taking an interview with a Hotel Owner / Worker (For Education Use Only). If
you have privacy issues, make only your photo visible. But taking a photo of an interview is
mandatory. Add Interview photo
5) Do a short search on the internet to answer the following about agriculture from 2011 Censu
a. How many acres are in India..??

Answer: 812.3 million acres
b. How many arable / agriculture acres are in India..??
Answer: 394.6 million acres
c. How many Farm Laborers are in India..??

Answer: 263 million
6) Government is coming up with the policy to save exploitation of Farm Labourer but introducing the
Farm Machinery to make farm owner independent of the Farm Labourer
a. What is your perspective on this...???

Answer: National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) has been formulated for enhancing
agricultural productivity especially in rainfed areas focusing on integrated farming, water use
efficiency, soil health management and synergizing resource conservation.
NMSA will cater to key dimensions of 'Water use efficiency', 'Nutrient Management' and 'Livelihood
diversification' through adoption of a sustainable development pathway by progressively shifting to
environmental friendly technologies, adoption of energy efficient equipment, conservation of natural
resources, integrated farming, etc.
Schemes under NMSA
● Rainfed Area Development (RAD): RAD is being implemented by RFS Division

● Soil Health Management (SHM): SHM is being implemented by INM Division
● Sub Mission on AgroForestry (SMAF): SMAF is being implemented by NRM Division
● Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): PKVY is being implemented by INM Division
● Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI): Being implemented by RFS Division
● National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA): Being implemented by RFS Division
● Mission Organic Value Chain Development in North Eastern Region (MOVCDNER): Being
implemented by INM Division
● National Center of Organic Farming (NCOF): Being implemented by INM Division
● Central Fertilizer Quality Control and Training Institute (CFQC&TI): implemented by INM
Division
b. Is the government creating more distance between the Farm Laborer and Owner…?? If so – Why..??
Answer: The Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) were set up by state governments
with an intention to provide farmers with easy access to markets. Farmers were considered to be small,
simple-minded, and prone to exploitation. Therefore, to protect and safeguard their interests, the
government regulated that all buying and selling of agricultural produce would happen in notified areas
called “mandis” via licensed brokers. Furthermore, it was believed that self-regulated agricultural
markets had a natural tendency towards underemployment, and purposeful action by the government
was necessary to keep the agricultural economy at full employment.
In a nutshell, every aspect of the agricultural market – who could sell (buy), where to sell (buy), and for
some commodities, the price – were to be regulated by the government. Unfortunately, over time, such a
system was dominated and exploited by large farmers and brokers who had privileged access to the
government at the expense of small and medium farmers. For example, it is estimated that only 6
percent of the farmers of paddy and wheat have benefitted from minimum support price.
c. Is the government favoring only farm laborers on policies..??? If so – Why…??
7) Government has employees too. If so Government becomes employer and the staff becomes
employee
a. Has the government ensured the right policies for its employees.???
Answer: YES
b. Has the government succeeded in extracting the efficient work from its staff..??
Answer: YES
c. Are there no any issues in Govt Staff and Govt Management..??

Answer: YES
d. If so – Why do strikes happen from Govt Staff..??

Answer: strike, collective refusal by employees to work under the conditions required by employers.
Strikes arise for a number of reasons, though principally in response to economic conditions defined as
an economic strike and meant to improve wages and benefits or labor practices intended to improve
work conditions.
e. If everything is smooth in government firms, why are such firms in loss till today..??
Answer: Some common problems for losses in Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) include old
and obsolete plants and machinery, outdated technology, low capacity utilization, excess manpower,
weak marketing
8) Is the laborer – Owner issue existing from Ancient period itself…??? Justify your answer. Include
the following in your justification
a. Why does the employee always plan to deceive the employer…??
Answer: Employees who are dissatisfied with their jobs, the company management or conditions in the
workplace may engage in employee theft, misrepresentation of work hours on their time sheets and
slowing down production
b.Why do employers always plan to find mistakes in employees..??

Answer: Assuring the employee that you are focused on solving the underlying
problem, not assigning blame. Asking the employee to explain the process or procedure they
followed that led to the mistake.Gathering all the facts you can by asking good questions and, above all,
listening.
c. Why is there not a trust between employee and employer..??\

Answer: Lost sales and clients. Emotional detachment from employees, which might lead to lower
workplace engagement. Lack of interest in the success of the organization. Minimal effort needed to
stay employed
d. Is this an unsolvable issue…??

Answer: YES
e. Have you experienced any such issue in your career..???

Answer:NO
9) Farmers and Agriculture Laborers are leaving the Agriculture segment and Rural areas as the
segment itself is uncertain and cannot assure the fixed income for the life
a. Is this true from your perspective...??

Answer: YES
b. Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective...??

Answer:dependence on rainfall and climate, liberal import of agricultural products, reduction in
agricultural subsidies, lack of easy credit to agriculture and dependence on money lenders, decline in
government investment in the agricultural sector
c. Is this true from a farmer 's perspective...??

Answer: YES
d. Justify with 5 reasons from a Farmer perspective...??

Answer: dependence on rainfall and climate, liberal import of agricultural products, reduction in
agricultural subsidies, lack of easy credit to agriculture and dependence on money lenders, decline in
government investment in the agricultural sector
10)Let it be any innovation and struggle, No one can uplift the Farming and make it profitable for the
Farmers. The Farming sector is itself a loss segment.
a. Is this true from your perspective

Answer: NO
b. Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective

Answer:Using cover crops instead of leaving soil bare during off-season to prevent erosion, replenish
soil nutrients, and control weeds.
Instituting no-till or reduced-till practices to improve soil nutrients and reduce erosion.
Applying integrated pest management with the goal of minimizing pesticide use and controlling
pests through natural and biological tools, rather than chemicals.
Adopting water management systems that use less water, such as drip irrigation.
Managing farms as ecosystems (agroecology) through efforts such as integrating livestock and
crops to reduce transportation-related costs and pollution; integrating trees and shrubs to provide
shade and protect crops, animals, and water resources; and managing uncultivated areas to
control erosion, reduce nutrient runoff, support biodiversity, and Create natural carbon sinks.
c. Is this true from farmer perspective

Answer:YES
d. Justify with 5 reasons from Farmer perspective

Answer: Using cover crops instead of leaving soil bare during off-season to prevent erosion,
replenish soil nutrients, and control weeds.
Instituting no-till or reduced-till practices to improve soil nutrients and reduce erosion.
Applying integrated pest management with the goal of minimizing pesticide use and controlling
pests through natural and biological tools, rather than chemicals.
Adopting water management systems that use less water, such as drip irrigation.
Managing farms as ecosystems (agroecology) through efforts such as integrating livestock and
crops to reduce transportation-related costs and pollution; integrating trees and shrubs to provide
shade and protect crops, animals, and water resources; and managing uncultivated areas to
control erosion, reduce nutrient runoff, support biodiversity, and Create natural carbon sinks.
11)If Agriculture is profitable then the Land Owner can pay a good amount of wages to the laborer and
give him all facilities that the industries can provide with.
Laborers are now facing issues as FarmLand Owners cannot make profit. Hence the reason for the
issue of Laborer is the Government and not the Land Owner
∙ Is this true from your perspective

Answer: YES
∙ Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
Answer: POOR SUPPORT FROM THE GOVERNMENT
LESS WATER RESOURCES
INFLATION IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT
NO PROPER ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
POOR QUALITY OF SEEDS
∙ Is this true from farmer perspective

Answer: YES
Justify with 5 reasons from Farmer perspective

Answer: POOR SUPPORT FROM THE GOVERNMENT
LESS WATER RESOURCES
INFLATION IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT
NO PROPER ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
POOR QUALITY OF SEEDS
12)If Agriculture is made profitable then Consumers have to pay more for vegetables, cereals and
fruits. Hence it is better to push farmers in loss and we consumers to enjoy the benefit of it.
∙ Is this true from your perspective

Answer:NO
∙ Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective

Answer:Vegetables are increasingly recognized as essential for food and nutrition security. Vegetable
production provides a promising economic opportunity for reducing rural poverty and unemployment in
developing countries and is a key component of farm diversification strategies. Vegetables are
mankind's most affordable source of vitamins and minerals needed for good health.
Urbanization has been underpinned by the rapid growth in the world economy and in the proportion of
gross world product and of workers in industrial and service enterprises. Globally, agriculture has met
the demands from this rapidly growing urban population, including food that is more energy-, land-,
water- and greenhouse gas emission-intensive
∙ Is this true from farmer perspective

Answer:YES
Justify with 5 reasons from Farmer perspective

Answer:Vegetables are increasingly recognized as essential for food and nutrition security. Vegetable
production provides a promising economic opportunity for reducing rural poverty and unemployment in
developing countries and is a key component of farm diversification strategies. Vegetables are
mankind's most affordable source of vitamins and minerals needed for good health.
Urbanization has been underpinned by the rapid growth in the world economy and in the proportion of
gross world product and of workers in industrial and service enterprises. Globally, agriculture has met
the demands from this rapidly growing urban population, including food that is more energy-, land-,
water- and greenhouse gas emission-intensive
13)Do a short interview with a farmer owning a machine (Tractor / Tiller / Harvester). Ask him / her
the following questions
∙ Is Mechanized Farming the complete replacement of

Agri Laborers..??
Answer:NO
∙ Can he do farming without Skilled Laborers..??
Answer:NO
∙ Community Farming is the necessity of era to gain

the benefits of mechanized farming..?? Is this true
Answer:YES
∙ How much has he invested on machines and what

are the yearly maintenance expenses for the
machines..??
Answer:200000
∙ Can he get benefits if all 100 machines are available in the village for rental..??
Answer:YES
14)If you are working as the Agriculture Labourer for one month. What are your expectations..??
Include the following in your answer
∙ What salary do you expect..??
Answer:20000
∙ What facilities have to be provided…??

Answer:(1)Abolition of Agricultural Slavery:
(2) Minimum Agricultural Wages
(3) Provision of Land:
(4) Co-operative Fanning
∙ Are you ready to work on a sunny day, rainy day…??
Answer:Yes
∙ Do you like to learn skills first or join the job directly..??

Answer:Learn skills first
∙ Your efficiency influences the owner to decide if Agriculture is profitable or not. Do you agree? If
yes…Why..??
Answer:Yes, The most basic factor affecting profit in any business is the number of production units.
This may be acres for the farmer, cows for the rancher, or factories for the industrialist.
The productivity of your land and livestock also has an impact on profit. Productivity is measured in
yield per acre, weaned calf crop percentage, and weaning weight for starters.
Direct costs are those costs that vary with production. Thus it’s other name: variable costs. These are
costs that wouldn’t occur if you did not produce. Seed, fertilizer, feed, and veterinary expenses are all
examples of direct costs.
Value per unit (price received) dominates farmer and rancher discussions. Unfortunately we have little
control over the prices we receive. We generally accept what the market dictates.
The enterprise mix deals with how enterprises combine to influence overall profits. Different enterprises
have different levels of profitability. There are many reasons why farmers and ranchers choose to have
several enterprises.
Overhead costs are those costs that do not vary with production. All costs are either direct or overhead.
Overhead includes operator living withdrawal and “killer toys.”
15) Nuclear Families are the main reason to increase the Agri Laborers issue in the world.
Is this true from your perspective..??
Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
Answer: the family will likely struggle to maintain its traditional collective unity. Its members,
whether employed as farm workers in the country, industrial workers in the towns, or domestic servants
in well-to-do urban homes, continue to pool their resources. They make regular visits home and
continue to think of themselves as a collectivity. Their wages still contribute to a common family fund,
which is used to support the nonworking young as well as temporarily unemployed members and to
provide for members in sickness and old age. In the absence of a comprehensive system of social
security, the family itself continues to fulfill the role.
16) Media is the only medium to reach farmers in India. A movie with the concept of solving
Agri Labourer Issues can give more impact on implementing the solution in Rural Areas.
Is this true from your perspective..?? Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
Answer:In recent years, many farmers have begun to consult data about essential variables like soil,
crops, livestock, and weather. Yet few if any have had access to advanced digital tools that would help
to turn these data into valuable, actionable insights. In less-developed regions, almost all farmwork is
manual, involving little or no advanced connectivity or equipment.
Even in the United States, a pioneer country in connectivity, only about one-quarter of farms currently
use any connected equipment or devices to access data, and that technology isn’t exactly state-of-the-art,
running on 2G or 3G networks that telcos plan to dismantle or on very low-band IoT networks that are
complicated and expensive to set up. In either case, those networks can support only a limited number
of devices and lack the performance for real-time data transfer, which is essential to unlock the value of
more advanced and complex use cases.
Nonetheless, current IoT technologies running on 3G and 4G cellular networks are in many cases
sufficient to enable simpler use cases, such as advanced monitoring of crops and livestock. In the past,
however, the cost of hardware was high, so the business case for implementing IoT in farming did not
hold up. Today, device and hardware costs are dropping rapidly, and several providers now offer
solutions at a price we believe will deliver a return in the first year of investment.
These simpler tools are not enough, though, to unlock all the potential value that connectivity holds for
agriculture. To attain that, the industry must make full use of digital applications and analytics, which
will require low latency, high bandwidth, high resiliency, and support for a density of devices offered by
advanced and frontier connectivity technologies like LPWAN, 5G, and LEO satellites
17) More engineers are ready to invest even crores of money for the startup of Hotel, software products
but not on the Agriculture Segment
Is this true from your perspective...?? Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
Answer: A Total of 366 agri-based startups have come up from 2013 to 2017 answering to the problems
of supply chain management, use of outdated equipment, improper infrastructure, etc. Bengaluru
(Karnataka) is one of the established startup ecosystem hubs in India alongwith Mumbai and Delhi &
NCR. Looking at the geographical distribution, Karnataka and Maharashtra together account for almost
50 percent of the total agritech startups opened in the past 5 years. Karnataka accounts for two-third of
the total funding received by start-ups in the past 5 years. Agritech startups are also leveraging technology
in the area of market linkages such as retail, B2C and B2B marketplaces and digital agronomy platforms.
Big Data Analytics, Supply Chain/Market-linked Model, FaaS, IoT Enabled, Engineering-Led Innovation
and Miscellaneous are the major sub-sectors where agritech startups are coming up. This study reveals
that from ICT apps to farm automation and from weather forecasting to drone use and from inputs retailing
and equipment renting to online vegetable marketing, they do all and everything. Multiple enabling
policies have been implemented to support agri startups, their early take off and successful operations
both by the Central as well as State Governments. Apart from the available schemes and policies to
support agritech startups, an institutional mechanism has been created for smoother takeoff and successful
implementation.
Aligning with farmers’ needs and committing to improve productivity is not an easy task, and getting
farmers to acquire the skills required to adopt these technologies will involve a lot of effort.
18) If Agri-thons were conducted at least the number of times Hackathons were conducted, we would
have seen improvement in the solutions to Agri problems
Is this true from your perspective..??? Justify with 5 reasons from your perspective
Answer: no,i don't agree
Create
Got an idea to solve the big problems in agriculture? Welcome, you belong here!
Agri India Hackathon will be a digital pool of the most exciting, innovative, and futuristic ideas to
address the pressing issues with new-age technology.
Connect
Not just startups, students & youth, but even the giants from the industry, the world's leading
companies, financial institutions & policy-makers — everyone will be here!
Collaborate
And the best part — each one is building solutions, asking big questions, and learning. You will meet
the best of the best people changing the agriculture, business & technology landscape
19) Do a case study on the Dharmasthala Yantradare Farmer Services. Include following in the Case
Study
∙ Investment ratio
∙ Success Ratio
∙ Hurdles for the rapid development
Answer: SKDRDP and Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Karnataka came together to establish 164
Yantradhara - Custom Hire Service Centers(CHSC) at Hobli level in 25 districts of Karnataka with an
objective to assist small and marginal farmers and to provide farm machineries and implements at their
doorstep in fair rental price. The special features of Yantradhara are:
• Availability of modern agriculture implements and farm machineries.
• Shelving implements and farm machinery worth Rs. 85 lakh in each center.
• Experienced drivers and operators for the machineries.
• Availability of timely service.
• Advance booking facility.
The objective of this program is to provide machinery at the farm gate at fair rental prices, to increase
production, productivity of crops and income of farmers, to provide the services of High -tech
Machineries to small and marginal farmers, to carry out timely farming activities. The service was
envisioned to mitigate labor problems often faced by small and marginal farmers.
20) How can we give dignity to the work of farmers and farm laborers..?? Give answers in your own
perspective in 5 lines
Answer: • Eliminate the tipped minimum wage and set a livable minimum wage
• End exploitation of incarcerated people on penal farms and for food production
• Include worker and community reports of violations in environmental and labor standards enforcement
• Increase labor protections and benefits for workers in the food and agriculture sectors
• Mandate third party labor inspections for compliance with worker protections
• Create pathways to legalization for all undocumented people, including pathways to citizenship for
those that want it, and end deportations until a comprehensive policy is in place
• Establish federal programs to incentivize worker-owned food production, processing, and service-
cooperatives

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Visvesvaraya Technological University

Jnana Sangama, Belgavi – 590018

AICTE ACTIVITY POINTS PROJECT REPORT (20 Points)

Agri Job Opportunities Platform in Rural Areas

Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy [1BY21CS064]

Under the Guidance of

BMS Institute of Technology and Management

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

Mr. Rajesh N V Dr. Thippeswamy G Dr. Mohan Babu G N

Date: Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy

Mr. H J Chakradhar Reddy

PROJECT FEATURES AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

Project Name: Agri Job Opportunities Platform in Rural Areas

Project Category as per AICTE Preparing an Actionable Business Proposal for

Total Activity Point Earned by this

Implementation Plan of Project for 80 Hours

LGS Social Innovation and Research Centre

Mr. B G Shivanna Mr. Harsha S Mrs. B Kowsalya

Signature of NGO Resource Person

Signature of NGO Resource Person

Chapter 01 Introduction to AICTE Activity Points 1

• Enhancing the Application Skill of Students

People interested to solve Rural Problems are:

Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 1

• Implementation has to start from elementary stage

Following contributed to the failure of agriculture afterwards:

Many Agri dependent individuals started working in:

Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 2

• Hotels and Restaurants

Mission of the Project

Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 3

Theoretical Understanding of the

Practical Data Survey with 20 Individuals on

Mode of Implementation in this Project:

Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 4

Activity Accountable for Details / Proof listed in

He works in following conditions:

Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 5

• Earns only Rs.300 wages per day

Farm Labourer can be classified based on:

Farm Labourer Classification based on the type of work done:

Farm Labourer Classification based on type of skills:

Farm Labourer Classification based on Nature of Labour:

Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 6

➢ They have permanent job with farm land owner.

Small Land Holding Labourers:

On Lease Working Labourers:

Share cropping Labourers:

Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 7

For the ease of understanding, historical periods are considered as:

Let’s understand the existence of Farm Labourers in Ancient Period:

In Indus Valley Civilization:

Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 8

In Post Vedic Period:

Following is the summary:

Dept. of CSE, BMSIT&M 2022-23 Page | 9

Let’s understand the existence of Farm Labourers in Medieval Period:

Let’s understand the existence of Farm Labourers in Modern Period: