CONFIDENTIAL HM/JUN 2019/HTC556

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE : FOOD AND SOCIETY

COURSE CODE : HTC556
EXAMINATION : JUNE 2019
TIME : 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts : PART A (20 Questions)
PART B (3 Questions)

2. Answer ALL questions from all two (2) parts :

i) Answer PART A in the Objective Answer Sheet.

i) Answer PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of :

i) the Question Paper

i) an Answer Booklet — provided by the Faculty
iy an Objective Answer Sheet — provided by the Faculty

5. Answer ALL questions in English.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 8 printed pages

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL 2 HM/JUN 2019/HTC556

PART A

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Choose the most appropriate answer for each question. Shade your choice on the Objective
Answer Sheet.

1. are sequenced through the day and their elements are linked
together in predetermined combinations and successions of courses.

a) Drinks
b) Meals
c) Snacks
d) Dinners
e) Lunches

2. Bourdieu (1984) stresses the conceptions of taste, and actual consumption practices,
are used to create and sustain the distinction between social classes and to maintain
the elevated status of those groups at the upper levels of the class hierarchy. The
tastes in food of popular working-class tends towards for the

a) ‘heavy, the fat and the coarse’

b) ‘the light, the refined and the delicate’
c) ‘filling, satisfying and cheap’
d) ‘sweet, hot and sour’
e) ‘economic, delicious and filling’

3. Eating is an intensely personal act. What we eat communicates to others our beliefs,
, and

a) cultural, social backgrounds, experiences

b) ethnic, race, preferences
c) nationality, health, attitude
d) occupation, economic level, educational background
e) thinking, dietary habits, religion

4. is the spending of money and the

acquiring of luxury foods, goods and services to public display of economic power.

a) Conspicuous consumption
b) Haute cuisine
c) Fine dining
d) Useless spending
e) Upper echelon

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

 CONFIDENTIAL 3 HM/JUN 2019/HTC556

5. A characteristic of societies with social equality is that there tends to be a

more equitable distribution of food. It was the improved availability of food that was
the main driver of the evolution of and, . as the
upper-echelons of society moved to further differentiate themselves from the
masses.

a) luxury food, poor food

b) haute cuisine, fine dining
c) high status, low status
d) fast food, traditional food
e) luxury restaurant, conventional restaurant

6. Humans are biologically omnivores. Being an omnivore is a , in that we

need novelty and are driven to explore new foods, but are also fearful and reluctant
to try new foods because they represent a risk.

a) paranoid
b) pessimistic
c) paradox
d) paradigm
e) perspective

7. The most extreme cases of hunger involve protein or calories malnutrition

(also known as ‘protein-energy malnutrition’) and usually affect small children. One
type of protein-energy malnutrition is , which is the ‘name used to
describe the disease that occurs when a child is displaced from the breast by another
baby.

a) diphtheria
b) beriberi
c) pellagra
d) kwashiorkor
e) scurvy

8. The child has profound apathy and general misery; he or she whimpers but does not
cry or scream. is a condition resulting from a lack of calories. It
involves extreme growth failure and generally occurs in a child’s first year. The child
appears extremely emaciated.

a) scurvy
b) pellagra
c) marasmus
d) rickets
e) beriberi

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL 4 HM/JUN 2019/HTC556

9. Which of the following statement is true regarding the definition of hunger.

When a person is not able to secure the minimum required nutrition from a
healthy food.
When a person is poor to get enough food.
When a person is not able to secure the minimum required nutrition to lead a
healthy life.
d) When a person is not able to secure enough food for himself and his family.
e) When a person is not able to secure a minimum amount of nutritious food.

10. Conservative analysts of world hunger have generally seen a (Judeo-Christian) form
of * " in the suffering of the poor:

divine providence
government fault
individual fault
man made
sheer laziness

11. They ‘blame the victim’ of poverty and malnutrition refers to the perspective of

liberals
conservative
modernist
nationalist
individualist

12. When a person has hunger for a sustained period of time, they can develop
, either mild or severe depending on their body needs and
food intake.

a) depression
b) frustration
c) motivation
d) malnutrition
e) malfunction

©Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

 CONFIDENTIAL 5 HM/JUN 2019/HTC556

13. Proper eating includes the kind of food used, the way of preparing it, the manner of
serving it, and the way of eating it. The intricacies of the tea ceremony are known
only to experienced Japanese; social climbers in the West can be spotted
immediately by their inability to master the details of place settings; “using the wrong
fork” is an offense as grave as spitting in public. Which of the following can be
concluded on the basis of the information above?

a) Eating together as a family helps children develop good table manners.

b) Table manners are important because they ensure that both guest and hosts
are comfortable.
c) Table manners are one of those areas of life knowledge that can make us all
feel a little overwhelmed.
d) Not knowing how to eat “properly” is universally a sign of outsider status.
e) None of the above.

14. The also does not consume tea, coffee, or alcohol and do not use
tobacco products. Water is considered the best liquid and should be consumed only
before and after a meal, not during the meal. Meals are not highly seasoned, and hot
spices such as mustard, chili powder, and black pepper are avoided. Eating between
meals is discouraged so that food can be properly digested. Which of the following
group can be concluded on the basis of the information above?

a) Jews
b) Muslims
c) Buddhists
d) Hindus
e) Adventists

15. Many are vegetarians. They adhere to the concept of “Ahimsa”,

avoiding inflicting pain on the animal by not eating meat.

a) Jews
b) Muslims
c) Buddhists
d) Hindus
e) Christians

16. This aspect describes instances where foreign food products are introduced into
nations with distinct food tastes and traditions, and how the foreign and traditional
foods combine to create new dietary combinations. Which of the following describes
the information above?

a) Homogenization
b) Hybridization
c) Domestication
d) McDonaldization
e) Localization
© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL 6 HM/JUN 2019/HTC556

17. entails a managerial focus on minimizing the time required to

complete individual tasks as well as that required to complete the whole operations
or process of production and distribution.

a) Efficiency
b) Calculability
c) Predictability
d) Control
e) McDonaldization

18. A phenomenon that occurs when society, its institutions, and its organizations are
adapted to have the same characteristics that are found in fast food chains are often
known as

a) Globalization
b) McDonaldization
c) Modernization
d) Rationalization
e) Standardization

19. The biotech companies argue that technology will

prevent the contamination of non-GM crops with GM-crops. They say that if all GM
varieties had the said trait they would not be able to spread into the environment, and
so biosafety would be ensured.

a) Predator
b) Terminator
c) Alligator
d) Contaminator
e) Biofactor

20. Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of genes, and components of genes,
to alter the characteristics of bacteria, plants and animals. Entirely new
organisms can be created by the cross-species insertion of
genetic materials.

a) modified
b) transgenic
c) hybrid
d) crossbred
e) genetic

(Total : 40 marks)

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

 CONFIDENTIAL 7 HM/JUN 2019/HTC556

PART B

SHORT ESSAY

Answer ALL questions.

QUESTION 1

When a person has the hunger for a sustained period of time, they can develop
malnutrition,
either mild or severe depending on their body needs and food intake.

a) What three types of global malnutrition do we discuss in class? Define and discuss in
detail.
(9 marks)
b) What are the two types of specific nutritional deficiencies as a result of extreme
hunger for a sustained period of time?
(5 marks)
c) Discuss why solving world hunger is not just producing more food. Please provide
five points in your answer.
(6 marks)

QUESTION 2

Globalization is a multi-faceted process, the consequences of which can only be

understood
through an in-depth analysis of those facets.

a) Discuss how the globalization of foodways is changing the health outcomes for
people of the developing world. For example how the health problems are once
called ‘rich man’s diseases’ quickly becoming poor man’s diseases too? Please
provide three appropriate points to support your answer.

(6 marks)

b) How did the globalization of food markets affect local economies? Please specify
your answers with three appropriate evidences.
(6 marks)
What are the four positive impacts of food globalization?
(4 marks)

d) What are four negative impacts of food globalization?

(4 marks)

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL 8 HM/JUN 2019/HTC556

QUESTION 3

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms in which the genetic
material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally.

a) Discuss why crops are being genetically engineered? Please provide three points to
support your answer.
(6 marks)

b) What are the main issues of concern for human health? List down four issues in your
answer.
(8 marks)

c) What is your view on GM food? Please specify your answers with three appropriate
evidences.
(6 marks)

(Total : 60 marks)

(Grand Total : 100 Marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL