Homework 2

Q1) Assume that two voltage sources are connected to each other with an inductive impedance as
shown in Fig. 1:

i) Analytically calculate and clearly show the direction of real power and reactive power flow
between the voltage sources for the following ratings.
ii) Simulate the circuit in the Simulink. Using the power blocks verify your results. Please share
the screenshot of your circuit and the voltage and current waveforms. Comment on the
power flow.

Figure 1 : Q1 circuit diagram

Q2) Explain the definitions of power factor angle and load angle in a phasor diagram of a synchronous
machine and show the power flow (real and reactive power) using phasor diagrams for the operating
cases below. Draw an example phasor diagram for each, state the relations of real and reactive power,
phase differences between input voltage, back emf and phase current. Ignore field copper loss nad core
loss.

i) Under excited motor (Ea<Vt)

ii) Over excited motor (Ea>Vt)
iii) Under excited generator (Ea<Vt)
iv) Over excited generator (Ea>Vt)

Q3) A 400V, 22 kVA, 50 Hz, 6-pole Y-connected cylindrical synchronous machine operates as a
generator. The synchronous reactance is Xs= 2 Ω/phase and the armature is negletted. The field current
of this generator is adjusted such that the open circuit terminal voltage is measured as 400 V line-to-
line. Ignore field copper loss and core loss.

I. What is the synchronous speed of this machine in rpm?

II. What is the terminal voltage if the generator is loaded with:
a. Rated current at unity power factor?
b. Rated current with 0.94 power factor lagging?
c. Rated current with 0.94 power factor leading?
III. How much shaft torque must be applied by the prime mover at the condition in part II-a,
if the friction and the windage loss is assumed to be 750 W at this operating point ?
IV. Draw the phasor diagram corresponding to the operating condition in part II-b.
V. Calculate the load angle (δ) at the operation condition in part II-b.
Q4) A 120 V, 5.5 kVA, 60 Hz, 2-pole, Y connected salient-pole rotor synchronous machine is operated in
generator mode. The field excitation is adjusted so that the open circuit voltage is equal to 120 V. The
direct axis reactance is : Xd= 1 Ω/phase and quadrature reactance is: Xq= 0.6 Ω/phase and the armature
resistance is negletted. Ignore field copper loss and core loss.

I. Calculate the terminal voltage, load angle and output power if

a. Rated current aligned with direct axis?
b. Rated current aligned with the quadrature axis?
c. Rated current lags 45 degrees the back emf voltage?
II. Assume that the load angle adjusted so that the maximum power is drawn from the generator.
Calculate load angle, terminal voltage and armature current.
III. Would you operate the motor with the same load angle if the machine had a cylindrical rotor?
Please explain in details.