Table of Integrals, Series, and Products. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384933-5.

00012-6
Copyright  c 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

12 Fourier, Laplace, and Mellin

Transforms

12.1– 12.4 Integral Transforms

12.11 Laplace transform
The Laplace transform of the function f (x), denoted by F (s), is defined by the integral
 ∞
F (s) = f (x)e−sx dx, Re s > 0.
0
The functions f (x) and F (s) are called a Laplace transform pair, and knowledge of either one enables
the other to be recovered.
If f is summable over all finite intervals, and there is a constant c for which
 ∞
|f (x)|e−c|x| dx,
0
is finite, then the Laplace transform exists when s = σ + iτ is such that σ ≥ c.
Setting
F (s) = L [f (x); s] ,
to emphasize the nature of the transform, we have the symbolic inverse result
f (x) = L−1 [F (s); x] .  
The inversion of the Laplace transform is accomplished for analytic functions F (s) of order O s−k with
k > 1 by means of the inversion integral
 γ+i∞
1
f (x) = F (s)esx ds,
2πi γ−i∞
where γ is a real constant that exceeds the real part of all the singularities of F (s). SN 30

12.12 Basic properties of the Laplace transform

1.8 For a and b arbitrary constants,
L [af (x) + bg(x)] = aF (s) + bG(s) (linearity)

2. If n > 0 is an integer and lim f (x)e−sx = 0, then for x > 0,

x→∞
 
L f (n) (x); s = sn F (s) − sn−1 f (0) − sn−2 f (1) (0) − · · · − f (n−1) (0) (transform of a derivative)
SN 32

1077
1078 Integral Transforms

 x 
3.11 If lim e−sx 0 f (ζ) dζ = 0, then
x→∞
 x
1
L f (ξ) dξ; s = F (s) (transform of an integral) SN 37
0 s

4. L e−ax f (x); s = F (s + a) (shift theorem) SU 143

5. The Laplace convolution f ∗ g of two functions f (x) and g(x) is defined by the integral
 x
f ∗ g(x) = f (x − ξ)g(ξ) dξ,
0
and it has the property that f ∗ g = g ∗ f and f ∗ (g ∗ h) = (f ∗ g) ∗ h. In terms of the convolution
operation
L [f ∗ g(x); s] = F (s)G(s) (convolution (Faltung) theorem) SN 30

12.13 Table of Laplace transform pairs

f (x) F (s)

1 1 1/s

n!
2 xn , n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , Re s > 0 ET I 133(3)
sn+1
Γ(ν + 1)
3 xν , ν > −1 , Re s > 0 ET I 137(1)
sν+1
 
1 Γ n + 12
4 xn− 2 1 , Re s > 0 ET I 135(17)
sn+ 2

5 x−1/2 (x + a)−1 , |arg a| < π πa−1/2 eas erfc a1/2 s1/2 ,

Re s ≥ 0 ET I 136(25)

x for 0 < x < 1 1 − e−s
6 , Re s > 0 ET I 142(14)
1 for x > 1 s2
1
7 e−ax , Re s > − Re a ET I 143(1)
s+a
1
8 xe−ax , Re s > − Re a ET I 144(2)
(s + a)2
e−ax − e−bx
9a (s + a)−1 (s + b)−1 ,
b−a
Re s > {− Re a, − Re b} AS 1022(29.3.12)
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 Table of Laplace transform pairs 1079

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f (x) F (s)
αe−ax + βe−bx + γe−cx
9b11 (s + a)−1 (s + b)−1 (s + c)−1 ,
(a − b)(b − c)(c − a)
a, b, c distinct , α = c − b, Re s > {− Re a, − Re b, − Re c}
β = a − c, γ = b − a
ae−ax − be−bx
1011 s(s + a)−1 (s + b)−1 ,
b−a
Re s > {− Re a, − Re b} AS 1022(29.3.13)

eax − 1
11 s−1 (s − a)−1 , Re s > Re a
a
eax − ax − 1
12 s−2 (s − a)−1 , Re s > Re a
a2
 ax 1 2 2 
e − 2 a x − ax − 1
13 s−3 (s − a)−1 , Re s > Re a
a3
s
14 (1 + ax)eax , Re s > Re a
(s − a)2
1 + (ax − 1)eax
15 s−1 (s − a)−2 , Re s > Re a
a2
2 + ax + (ax − 2)eax
16 s−2 (s − a)−2 , Re s > Re a
a3

17 xn eax , n = 0, 1, 2, . . . n!(s − a)−(n+1) , Re s > Re a

  s
18 x + 12 ax2 eax , Re s > Re a
(s − a)3
  s2
19 1 + 2ax + 12 a2 x2 eax , Re s > Re a
(s − a)3

1 3 ax
20 6x e (s − a)−4 , Re s > Re a

1 2
 s
21 2x + 16 ax3 eax , Re s > Re a
(s − a)4
 
22 x + ax2 + 16 a2 x3 eax s2 (s − a)−4 , Re s > Re a

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1080 Integral Transforms

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f (x) F (s)
 
23 1 + 3ax + 32 a2 x2 + 16 a3 x3 eax s3 (s − a)−4 , Re s > Re a

aeax − bebx
24 s(s − a)−1 (s − b)−1 , Re s > {Re a, Re b}
a−b
 1 ax 1 bx 1 1

ae − be + −
25 b a
s−1 (s − a)−1 (s − b)−1 , Re s > {Re a, Re b}
a−b

26 xν−1 e−ax , Re ν > 0 Γ(ν)(s + a)−ν , Re s > − Re a ET I 144(3)

2 2
27 xe−x /(4a)
, Re a > 0 2a − 2π 1/2 a3/2 seas erfc sa1/2

ET I 146(22)

28 exp (−aex ) , Re a > 0 as Γ (−s, a) ET I 147(37)

 
298 x1/2 e−a/(4x) , Re a ≥ 0 1 1/2 −3/2
2π s 1 + a1/2 s1/2 exp (−as)1/2 ,

Re s > 0 ET I 146(26)
 
3012 x−1/2 e−a/(4x) , Re a ≥ 0 π 1/2 s−1/2 exp −(as)1/2 ,

Re s > 0 ET I 146(27)
 
3112 x−3/2 e−a/(4x) , Re a > 0 2π 1/2 a−1/2 exp −(as)1/2 ,

Re s ≥ 0 ET I 146(28)

 −1
32 sin(ax) a s2 + a 2 , Re s > |Im a| ET I 150(1)

 −1
33 cos(ax) s s2 + a2 , Re s > |Im a| ET I 154(3)

 −1 πs
34 |sin(ax)|, a>0 a s2 + a 2 coth ,
2a
Re s > 0 ET I 150(2)
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 Table of Laplace transform pairs 1081

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f (x) F (s)
 −1  πs 
3511 |cos(ax)|, a>0 s2 + a2 s + a cosech ,
2a
Re s > 0 ET I 155(44)

1 − cos(ax)  −1
36 s−1 s2 + a2 ,
a2
Re s > |Im a| AS 1022(29.3.19)

ax − sin(ax)  −1
37 s−2 s2 + a2 ,
a3
Re s > |Im a| AS 1022(29.3.20)

sin(ax) − ax cos(ax)  −2

38 s2 + a2 ,
2a3
Re s > |Im a| AS 1022(29.3.21)

x sin(ax)  −2
39 s s2 + a2 , Re s > |Im a| ET I 152(14)
2a
sin(ax) + ax cos(ax)  −2
40 s2 s2 + a2 ,
2a
Re s > |Im a| AS 1023(29.3.23)

  2 −2
41 x cos(ax) s2 − a2 s + a2 ,

Re s > |Im a| ET I 157(57)

cos(ax) − cos(bx)  −1  2 −1

42 s s2 + a2 s + b2 ,
b 2 − a2
Re s > {|Im a|, |Im b|} AS 1023(29.3.25)
1 2 2  −1
2a x − 1 + cos(ax)
43 s−3 s2 + a2 , Re s > |Im a|
a4
1 − cos(ax) − 12 ax sin(ax)  −2
44 s−1 s2 + a2 , Re s > |Im a|
a4
1
b sin(bx) − a1 sin(ax)  −1  −1
45 s2 + a2 s2 + b 2 ,
a2 − b 2
Re s > {|Im a|, |Im b|}

1 − cos(ax) + 12 ax sin(ax)  −2  2 

4611 s−1 s2 + a2 2s + a2 , Re s > |Im a|
a2
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1082 Integral Transforms

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f (x) F (s)
a sin(ax) − b sin(bx)  −1  2 −1
47 s2 s2 + a2 s + b2 ,
a2 − b 2
Re s > {|Im a|, |Im b|}
 −1
48 sin(a + bx) (s sin a + b cos a) s2 + b2 , Re s > |Im b|

 −1
49 cos(a + bx) (s cos a − b sin a) s2 + b2 , Re s > |Im b|

1
a sinh(ax) − 1b sin(bx)  −1  −1
50 s2 − a2 s2 + b 2 ,
a2 + b 2
Re s > {|Re a|, |Im b|}

cosh(ax) − cos(bx)  −1  2 −1

51 s s2 − a2 s + b2 ,
a2 + b 2
Re s > {|Re a|, |Im b|}

a sinh(ax) + b sin(bx)  −1  2 −1

52 s2 s2 − a2 s + b2 ,
a2 + b 2
Re s > {|Re a|, |Im b|}

−1 −1
53 sin(ax) sin(bx) 2abs s2 + (a − b)2 s2 + (a + b)2 ,

Re s > {|Im a|, |Im b|}

  −1 −1
54 cos(ax) cos(bx) s s2 + a2 + b2 s2 + (a − b)2 s2 + (a + b)2 ,

Re s > {|Im a|, |Im b|}

  −1 −1
55 sin(ax) cos(bx) a s2 + a2 − b2 s2 + (a − b)2 s2 + (a + b)2 ,

Re s > {|Im a|, |Im b|}

 −1
56 sin2 (ax) 2a2 s−1 s2 + 4a2 , Re s > |Im a|

   −1
57 cos2 (ax) s2 + 2a2 s−1 s2 + 4a2 , Re s > |Im a|

 −1
58 sin(ax) cos(ax) a s2 + 4a2 , Re s > |Im a|

−1
59 e−ax sin(bx) b (s + a)2 + b2 , Re s > {− Re a, |Im b|}

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 Table of Laplace transform pairs 1083

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f (x) F (s)
−1
60 e−ax cos(bx) (s + a) (s + a)2 + b2 ,

Re s > {− Re a, |Im b|}

61 x−1 sin(ax) arctan(a/s), Re s > |Im a| ET I 152(16)

 
62 x−1 [1 − cos(ax)] 1
2 ln 1 + a2 /s2 ,

Re s > |Im a| ET I 157(59)

 −1
63 sinh(ax) a s2 − a2 , Re s > |Re a| ET I 162(1)

 −1
64 cosh(ax) s s2 − a2 , Re s > |Re a| ET I 162(2)

65 xν−1 sinh(ax), Re ν > −1 1

2 Γ(ν) (s − a)−ν − (s + a)−ν ,

Re s > |Re a| ET I 164(18)

66 xν−1 cosh(ax), Re ν > 0 1

2 Γ(ν) (s − a)−ν + (s + a)−ν ,

Re s > |Re a| ET I 164(19)

 −2
67 x sinh(ax) 2as s2 − a2 , Re s > |Re a|

  2 −2
68 x cosh(ax) s2 + a2 s − a2 , Re s > |Re a|

 −1
69 sinh(ax) − sin(ax) 2a3 s4 − a4 ,

Re s > {|Re a|, |Im a|} AS 1023(29.3.31)

 −1
70 cosh(ax) − cos(ax) 2a2 s s4 − a4 ,

Re s > {|Re a|, |Im a|} AS 1023(29.3.32)

 −2
71 sinh(ax) + ax cosh(ax) 2as2 a2 − s2 , Re s > |Re a|

 −2
72 ax cosh(ax) − sinh(ax) 2a3 a2 − s2 , Re s > |Re a|

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1084 Integral Transforms

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f (x) F (s)
  −2
73 x sinh(ax) − cosh(ax) s a2 + 2a − s2 a2 − s2 , Re s > |Re a|

1
a sinh(ax) − 1b sinh(bx)  −1  −1
74 a2 − s2 b 2 − s2 ,
a2 − b 2
Re s > {|Re a|, |Re b|}

cosh(ax) − cosh(bx)  −1  2 −1

75 s s2 − a2 s − b2 ,
a2 − b 2
Re s > {|Re a|, |Re b|}

a sinh(ax) − b sinh(bx)  −1  2 −1

76 s2 s2 − a2 s − b2 ,
a2 − b 2
Re s > {|Re a|, |Re b|}
 −1
77 sinh(a + bx) (b cosh a + s sinh a) s2 − b2 , Re s > |Re b|

 −1
78 cosh(a + bx) (s cosh a + b sinh a) s2 − b2 , Re s > |Re b|

−1 −1
79 sinh(ax) sinh(bx) 2abs s2 − (a + b)2 s2 − (a − b)2 ,

Re s > {|Re a|, |Re b|}

  −1 −1
808 cosh(ax) cosh(bx) s s2 − a2 − b2 s2 − (a + b)2 s2 − (a − b)2 ,

Re s > {|Re a|, |Re b|}

  −1 −1
81 sinh(ax) cosh(bx) a s2 − a2 + b2 s2 − (a + b)2 s2 − (a − b)2 ,

Re s > {|Re a|, |Re b|}

 −1
82 sinh2 (ax) 2a2 s−1 s2 − 4a2 , Re s > |Re a|

   −1
83 cosh2 (ax) s2 − 2a2 s−1 s2 − 4a2 , Re s > |Re a|

 −1
84 sinh(ax) cosh(ax) a s2 − 4a2 , Re s > |Re a|

cosh(ax) − 1  −1
85 s−1 s2 − a2 , Re s > |Re a|
a2
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 Table of Laplace transform pairs 1085

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f (x) F (s)
sinh(ax) − ax  −1
86 s−2 s2 − a2 , Re s > |Re a|
a3
cosh(ax) − 12 a2 x2 − 1  −1
87 s−3 s2 − a2 , Re s > |Re a|
a4
1 − cosh(ax) + 12 ax sinh(ax)  −2
88 s−1 s2 − a2 , Re s > |Re a|
a4
 
89 x1/2 sinh(ax) π 1/2 /4 (s − a)3/2 − (s + a)3/2 ,

Re s > |Re a|

90 ln x −s−1 ln (Cs) , Re s > 0 ET I 148(1)

91 ln(1 + ax), |arg a| < π s−1 es/a Ei(−s/a), Re s > 0 ET I 148(4)

1/2
92 x−1/2 ln x − (π/s) ln (4Cs) , Re s > 0 ET I 148(9)

0 for x < a
93 H(x − a) = s−1 e−as , a≥0
1 for x > a
(Heaviside step function)

94 δ(x) (Dirac delta function) 1

95 δ(x − a) e−as , a≥0

96 δ  (x − a) se−as , a≥0
 x
sin ξ 1
97 Si(x) ≡ dξ ≡ π + si(x) s−1 arccot s, Re s > 0 ET I 177(17)
0 ξ 2

 ∞
cos ξ 1  
98 Ci(x) ≡ ci(x) ≡ − dξ − s−1 ln 1 + s2 , Re s > 0 ET I 178(19)
x ξ 2
x 2 2
998 erf s−1 ea s
erfc(as),
2a
Re s > 0, |arg a| < π/4 ET I 176(2)
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1086 Integral Transforms

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f (x) F (s)
 √   −1/2
100 erf a x as−1 s + a2 ,
 
Re s > 0, − Re a2 ET I 176(4)

 √   − 1  1/2 
101 erfc a x s−1 s + a2 2 s + a2 −a ,

Re s > 0 ET I 177(9)
 
a √
1028 erfc √ s−1 e−2a s
,
x
Re s > 0, Re a > 0 ET I 177(11)

 ν  −1/2
1038 J ν (ax), Re ν > −1 a−ν s2 + a2 − s s2 + a2 ,

Re s > |Im a| ET I 182(1)

  1/2    1/2 −ν
104 x J ν (ax), Re ν > −2 a ν s + ν s2 + a 2 s + s2 + a 2
 −3/2
× s2 + a 2 ,
Re s > |Im a| ET I 182(2)
J ν (ax)   1/2 −ν
105 aν ν −1 s + s2 + a2 ,
x
Re s ≥ |Im a| ET I 182(5)

 −(n+ 12 )
106 xn J n (ax) 1 · 3 · 5 · · · (2n − 1)an s2 + a2 ,

Re s > |Im a| ET I 182(4)

   −(ν+ 12 )
107 xν J ν (ax), Re ν > − 12 2ν π −1/2 Γ ν + 12 aν s2 + a2 ,

Re s > |Im a| ET I 182(7)

   −(ν+ 32 )
108 xν+1 J ν (ax), Re ν > −1 2ν+1 π −1/2 Γ ν + 32 aν s s2 + a2 ,

Re s > |Im a| ET I 182(8)

  ν  −1/2
1098 I ν (ax), Re ν > −1 a−ν s − s2 − a2 s2 − a2 ,

Re s > |Re a| ET I 195(1)

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 Fourier transform 1087

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f (x) F (s)
   −(ν+ 12 )
110 xν I ν (ax), Re ν > − 12 2ν π −1/2 Γ ν + 12 aν s2 − a2 ,

Re s > |Re a| ET I 195(6)

   −(ν+ 32 )
111 xν+1 I ν (ax), Re ν > −1 2ν+1 π −1/2 Γ ν + 32 aν s s2 − a2 ,

Re s > |Re a| ET I 196(7)

  1/2 −ν
112 x−1 I ν (ax), Re ν > 0 ν −1 aν s + s2 − a2 ,

Re s > |Re a| ET I 195(4)

113 sin 2a1/2 x1/2 (πa)1/2 s−3/2 e−a/s , Re s > 0 ET I 153(32)

114 x−1/2 cos 2a1/2 x1/2 π 1/2 s−1/2 e−a/s , Re s > 0 ET I 158(67)

  −1
1/2
115 x−1 e−ax I 1 (ax) (s + 2a)1/2 − s1/2 (s + 2a) + s1/2 ,

Re s > |Re a| AS 1024(29.3.52)

J k (ax)  1/2 k
116 k −1 a−k s2 + a 2 −s ,
x
Re s > |Im a|, k > −1 AS 1025(29.3.58)

x k− 12  k
117 J k− 12 (ax) Γ(k)π −1/2 s2 + a2 ,
2a
Re s > |Im a|, k>0 AS 1024(29.3.57)

 −3/2
118 J 0 (ax) − ax J 1 (ax) s2 s2 + a2 , Re s > |Im a|

 −3/2
119 I 0 (ax) + ax I 1 (ax) s2 s2 − a2 , Re s > |Im a|

12.21 Fourier transform

The Fourier transform, also called the exponential or complex Fourier transform, of the function
f (x), denoted by F (ξ), is defined by the integral
 ∞
1
F (ξ) = √ f (x)eiξx dx.
2π −∞
The functions f (x) and F (ξ) are called a Fourier transform pair, and knowledge of either one enables
the other to be recovered. Setting F (ξ) = F [f (x); ξ] , to emphasize the nature of the transform, we have
1088 Integral Transforms

the symbolic inverse result f (x) = F −1 [F (ξ); x] . The inversion of the Fourier transform is accomplished
by means of the inversion integral
 ∞
1
f (x) = √ F (ξ)e−iξx dξ.
2π −∞

12.22 Basic properties of the Fourier transform

1. For a and b arbitrary constants,
F [af (x) + bg(x)] = aF (ξ) + bG(ξ) (linearity)

2. If n > 0 is an integer, and lim f (r) (x) = 0 for r = 0, 1, . . . , n − 1 with f (0) (x) ≡ f (x), then
|x|→∞
 
F f (n) (x); ξ = (−iξ)n F (ξ) (transform of a derivative) SN 27

3. The Fourier convolution f ∗ g of two functions f (x) and g(x) is defined by the integral
 ∞
1
f ∗ g(x) = √ f (x − ξ)g(ξ) dξ,
2π −∞
and it has the property f ∗ g = g ∗ f , and f ∗ (g ∗ h) = (f ∗ g) ∗ h. In terms of the convolution
operation.
F [f ∗ g(x); ξ] = F (ξ)G(ξ) (convolution (Faltung) theorem). SN 24

12.23 Table of Fourier transform pairs

f (x) F (ξ)

1 1 (2π)1/2 δ(ξ) SU 496

1 1/2
27 (π/2) i sign ξ SU 50
x

3 δ(x) (2π)−1/2 SU 496

48 δ(ax + b), a, b ∈ R, a = 0 (2π)−1/2 eibξ/a SU 517


1 |x| < a
5 , a>0 (2/π)1/2 ξ −1 sin(aξ)
0 |x| > a
 
8 0 x<0 1 π
6 H(x) = − √ + δ(ξ) SN 523
1 x>0 iξ 2π 2
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 Table of Fourier transform pairs 1089

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f (x) F (ξ)
 
1 (2/π)1/2 Γ(1 − a) sin 12 aπ
7 a, 0 < Re a < 1 1−a SN 523
|x| |ξ|

8 eiax , a∈R (2π)1/2 δ(ξ + a) SU 50

a(2/π)1/2
9 e−a|x| , a>0 SU 50
a2 + ξ 2
2aiξ(2/π)1/2
107 xe−a|x| , a>0 2 , ξ>0 SU 50
(a2 + ξ 2 )
 
(2/π)1/2 a2 − ξ 2
11 |x|e−a|x| , a>0 2 SU 50
(a2 + ξ 2 )
  1/2 1/2
e−a|x| a + a2 + ξ 2
12 1/2
, a>0 1/2
SN 523
|x| x (a2 + ξ 2 )
2 2 √ −1 −ξ2 /4a2
13 e−a x
, a>0 a 2 e SU 51

1/2 −a|ξ|
1 (π/2) e
14 , Re a > 0 SU 51
a + x2
2 a
x 1/2 −a|ξ|
157 , Re a > 0 i sign ξ (π/2) e
a2 + x2
 
  1 ξ2 π
169 sin ax2 cos + SN 523
(2a)1/2 4a 4
 2 
  1 ξ π
17 cos ax2 cos − SN 523
(2a)1/2 4a 4

1 1
18 e−a|x| cos(bx), a > 0, b>0 a(2π)−1/2 2 + 2
a + (b + ξ)2 a + (b − ξ)2
 
1 2 1 −1/2 1 (ξ − b)2
19 e− 2 ax sin(bx), a > 0, b>0 ia exp −
2  2 a
1 (ξ + b)2
− exp −
2 a

sinh(ax) (π/2)1/2 sin(πa/b)

209 , |a| < |b| SU 123
sinh(bx) b [cosh (πξ/b) + cos(πa/b)]
cosh(ax) i (π/2)1/2 sinh (πξ/b)
219 , |a| < |b| SU 123
sinh(bx) b [cosh (πξ/b) + cos(πa/b)]
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1090 Integral Transforms

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f (x) F (ξ)

1/2
sin(ax) (π/2) |ξ| < a,
2212 a>0 SN 523
x 0 |ξ| > a
 1/2 πξ
x 2Constantpi3 e
2311 2 SU 123
sinh x (1 + eπξ )

247 xn sign x, n = 1, 2, . . . (2/π)1/2 (−iξ)−(1+n) n! SU 506

257 |x|ν , (2/π)1/2 Γ(ν + 1)|ξ|−ν−1 cos [π(ν + 1)/2]

−1 < ν < 0, but not integral SU506

i sign ξ(2/π)1/2 sin [(π/2) (ν + 1)] Γ(ν + 1)

267 |x|ν sign x, ν+1
|ξ|
−1 < ν < 0, but not integral SU 506

  π 1/2 cot (πa − iξπ)

27 e−ax ln 1 − e−x , ET I 121(26)
2 a − iξ
−1 < Re a < 0
  π 1/2 csc (πa − iξπ)
28 e−ax ln 1 + e−x , ET I 121 (27)
2 a − iξ
−1 < Re a < 0

In deriving results for the preceding table from ET I, account has been taken of the fact that the normal-
ization factor 1/(2π)1/2 employed in our definition of F has not been used in those tables, and that there
is a difference of sign between the exponents used in the definitions of the exponential Fourier transform.

12.24 Table of Fourier transform pairs for spherically symmetric functions

 
1 1
f (||r||) = E(||k||)eik·r dk E(||k||) = f (||r||)e−ik·r dr
(2π)3/2 (2π)3/2
   
21 ∞ 21 ∞
1 f (r) = E(k) sin(kr)k dk E(k) = f (r) sin(kr)r dr
πr 0 πk 0

2 2a
2 e−ar
π (a2 + k 2 )2

e−ar 2 1
312
r π a2 + k 2

411 1 (2π)3/2 δ(k)

 Basic properties of the Fourier sine and cosine transforms 1091

12.31 Fourier sine and cosine transforms

The Fourier sine and cosine transforms of the function f (x), denoted by Fs (ξ) and Fc (ξ), respectively,
are defined by the integrals
  ∞   ∞
2 2
Fs (ξ) = f (x) sin(ξx) dx and Fc (ξ) = f (x) cos(ξx) dx
π 0 π 0
The functions f (x) and Fs (ξ) are called a Fourier sine transform pair, and the functions f (x) and
Fc (ξ) a Fourier cosine transform pair, and knowledge of either Fs (ξ) or Fc (ξ) enables f (x) to be
recovered.
Setting
Fs (ξ) = F s [f (x); ξ] and Fc (ξ) = F c [f (x); ξ] ,
to emphasize the nature of the transforms, we have the symbolic inverses
f (x) = F s −1 [Fs (ξ); x] and f (x) = F c −1 [Fc (ξ); x]
The inversion of the Fourier sine transform is accomplished by means of the inversion integral
  ∞
2
f (x) = Fs (ξ) sin(ξx) dξ [x ≥ 0]
π 0
and the inversion of the Fourier cosine transform is accomplished by means of the inversion integral
  ∞
2
f (x) = Fc (ξ) cos(ξx) dξ [x ≥ 0] SN 17
π 0
12.32 Basic properties of the Fourier sine and cosine transforms
1. For a and b arbitrary constants,
F s [af (x) + bg(x)] = aFs (ξ) + bGs (ξ)

and
F c [af (x) + bg(x)] = aFc (ξ) + bGc (ξ) (linearity)

2.12 If lim f (r−1) (x) = 0 and lim π2 f (r−1) (x) = ar−1 , then denoting the Fourier sine and cosine
x→∞ x→0
transforms of f (r) (x) by Fs (r) and Fc (r) , respectively,

(i) Fc (r) (ξ) = −ar−1 + ξFs (r−1) .

(ii) Fs (r) (ξ) = −ξFc (r−1) (ξ),
r−1

(iii) Fc (2r) (ξ) = − (−1)n a2r−2n−1 ξ 2n + (−1)r ξ 2n Fc (ξ),
n=0
r−1

(iv) Fc (2r+1) (ξ) = − (−1)n a2r−2n ξ 2n + (−1)r ξ 2r+1 Fs (ξ),
n=0
(r)
(v) Fs (ξ) = ξar−2 − ξ 2 Fs (r−2) (ξ),
r

(vi)6 Fs (2r) (ξ) = − (−1)n ξ 2n−1 a2r−2n + (−1)r ξ 2r Fs (ξ),
n=1
r
 
(2r+1)
(vii) Fs (ξ) = − (−1)n ξ 2n−1 a2r−2n+1 + (−1)r+1 ξ 2r+1 Fc (ξ). SN 28
n=1
1092 Integral Transforms

 ∞ 
1 ∞
3. (i) Fs (ξ)Gs (ξ) cos(ξx) dξ = g(s) [f (s + x) + f (s − x)] ds,
2 0
0 ∞  ∞
1
(ii) Fc (ξ)Gc (ξ) cos(ξx) dξ = g(s) [f (s + x) + f (|x − s|)] ds
0 2 0
(convolution (Faltung) theorem) SN 24
4. (i) If Fs (ξ) is the Fourier sine transform of f (x), then the Fourier sine transform of Fs (x) is
f (ξ).
(ii) If Fc (ξ) is the Fourier cosine transform of f (x), then the Fourier cosine transform of Fc (x)
is f (ξ).
(iii) If f (x) is an odd function in (−∞, ∞), then the Fourier sine transform of f (x) in (0, ∞) is
−iF (ξ).
(iv) If f (x) is an even function in (−∞, ∞), then the Fourier cosine transform of f (x) in (0, ∞)
is F (ξ).
(v) The Fourier sine transform of f (x/a) is aFs (aξ).
(vi) The Fourier cosine transform of f (x/a) is aFc (aξ).
(vii) F s [f (x); ξ] = Fs (|ξ|) sign ξ SU 45

12.33 Table of Fourier sine transforms

f (x) Fs (ξ) (ξ > 0)

1 x−1 (π/2)1/2 , ξ>0 ET I 64(3)

2 x−ν , 0 < Re ν < 2 (2/π)1/2 ξ ν−1 Γ(1 − ν) cos (νπ/2) ,

ξ>0 ET I 68(1)

3 x−1/2 ξ −1/2 , ξ>0 ET I 64(6)

4 x−3/2 2ξ 1/2 , ξ>0 ET I 64(9)


1 0<x<a
5 (2/π)1/2 ξ −1 [1 − cos(aξ)] , ξ>0 ET I 63(1)
0 x>a

x−1 0 < x < a
6 (2/π)1/2 Si(aξ), ξ>0 ET I 64(4)
0 x>a
1  
7 , a>0 (2/π)1/2 sin(aξ) Ci(aξ) − cos(aξ) 1
2π + Si(aξ) ,
a−x
ξ>0 ET I 64(11)
continued on next page
 Table of Fourier sine transforms 1093

continued from previous page

f (x) Fs (ξ) (ξ > 0)
1
87 , a>0 (2π)−1/2 a−1 e−aξ Ei(aξ) − eaξ Ei(−aξ) ,
x2 + a2
ξ>0 ET I 65(14)

 −3/2
9 x x2 + a2 , Re a > 0 (2/π)1/2 ξ K 0 (aξ), ξ>0 ET I 66(27)

 −1/2 1  1 
10 x−1/2 x2 + a2 , Re a > 0 ξ 1/2 I 14 2 aξ K 14 2 aξ , ξ>0 ET I 66(28)

 −ν− 32 ξ ν+1
117 x x2 + a2 , √   K ν (aξ),
2(2a)ν Γ ν + 32
Re ν > −1, Re a > 0

x π 1/2
12 , Re a > 0 e−aξ , ξ>0 ET I 65(15)
a2 + x2 2
x 
13 2 π/8a−1 ξe−aξ , ξ>0 ET I 67(35)
(a2 + x2 )

−1
 2

2 −1 π/2  
14 x x +a , Re a > 0 2
1 − e−aξ , ξ>0 ET I 65(20)
a
 
ξ
15 x−1 e−ax , Re a > 0 (2/π)1/2 tan−1 , ξ>0 ET I 72(2)
a
  
 −ν/2 ξ
16 xν−1 e−ax , (2/π)1/2 Γ(ν) a2 + ξ 2 sin ν tan−1 ,
a
Re ν > −1, Re a > 0 ξ>0 ET I 72(7)

2/πξ
17 e−ax , Re a > 0 , ξ>0 ET I 72(1)
a + ξ2
2

(2/π)1/2 2aξ
18 xe−ax , Re a > 0 2 , ξ>0 ET I 72(3)
(a2 + ξ 2 )
 
−ax2 −3/2 −ξ 2
19 xe , |arg a| < π/2 (2a) ξ exp , ξ>0 ET I 73(19)
4a
 
sin ax 1 ξ + a
20 , a>0 
ln  , ξ>0 ET I 78(1)
x (2π)1/2 ξ − a
  1/2
sin ax ξ π2 0<ξ<a
21 , a>0  1/2 , ξ>0 ET I 78(2)
x2 a π2 a<ξ<∞
continued on next page
1094 Integral Transforms

continued from previous page

f (x) Fs (ξ) (ξ > 0)
 2

a π 1/2 1
22 sin , a>0 a ξ −1/2 J 1 2aξ 2 ,
x 2
ξ>0 ET I 83(6)
 2
  1/2
a π 1/2 2
23 x−1 sin , a>0 Y 0 2aξ 1/2 + K 0 2aξ 1/2
x 2 π
ET I 83(7)
 2

a π 1/2
24 x−2 sin , a>0 a−1 ξ 1/2 J 1 2aξ 1/2 ,
x 2
ξ>0 ET I 83(8)

1/2 1 
2510 cosech(ax), Re a > 0 (π/2) a−1 tanh 2 πa
−1
ξ ,

ξ>0 ET I 88(2)
 
1  
26 coth ax − 1, Re a > 0 (2π)1/2 a−1 coth πa−1 ξ − ξ,
2
ξ>0 ET I 88(3)

 −1 (2/π)1/2 sin ξ 0≤ξ≤π
27 1 − x2 sin(πx) ET I 78(4)
0 π<ξ
2  
28 e−ax sin(bx), Re a > 0 (2a)−1/2 exp − ξ 2 + b2 /(4a) sinh (bξ/2a) ,

ξ>0 ET I 78(7)
⎧
⎪ 1/2 −3/2
sin2 (ax) ⎨π 2 0 < ξ < 2a
29 , a>0 1/2 −5/2
π 2 ξ = 2a ET I 78(8)
x ⎪
⎩
0 2a < ξ
    2   
30 sin ax2 , a>0 a −1/2
cos ξ /4a C (2πa)−1/2 ξ
   
+ sin ξ 2 /4a S (2πa)−1/2 ξ ,

ξ>0 ET I 82(1)
      
2 −1/2 2 −1/2
31 cos ax , a>0 a sin ξ /4a C (2πa) ξ
   
− cos ξ 2 /4a S (2πa)−1/2 ξ ,

ξ>0
continued on next page
 Table of Fourier sine transforms 1095

continued from previous page

f (x) Fs (ξ) (ξ > 0)
x 1/2 −1 −aξ
32 arctan , a>0 (π/2) ξ e , ξ>0 ET I 87(3)
a
 
2a
337 arctan , Re a > 0 (2π)−1/2 e−aξ sinh(aξ), ξ>0 ET I 87(8)
x
ln x 1/2
34 − (π/2) (C + ln ξ) , ξ>0 ET I 76(2)
x
 
x + a
35 
ln  , a>0 (2π)1/2 ξ −1 sin(aξ), ξ>0 ET I 77(11)
x − a
 
ln 1 + a2 x2
367 , a>0 −(2π)1/2 Ei (−ξ/a) , ξ>0 ET I 77(14)
x

0 0<ξ<a
37 J 0 (ax), a>0 1/2
 2

2 −1/2
(2/π) ξ −a a<ξ<∞
ET I 99(1)
 
1/2
 2 
2 −1/2 −1 ξ
38 Re ν > −2, a>0 (2/π) a −ξ sin ν sin
J ν (ax), a
  for 0 < ξ < a
aν cos 12 νπ
 ν for a < ξ < ∞
1/2 1/2
(ξ 2 − a2 ) ξ + (ξ 2 − a2 )

ET I 99(3)

1/2 −1 ξ
J 0 (ax) (2/π) sin a 0<ξ<a
39 , a>0
x (π/2)1/2
a<ξ<∞
ET I 99(4)

 −1
407 x2 + b2 J 0 (ax), (2/π)1/2 sinh(bξ) K 0 (ab)/b,

a > 0, Re b > 0 0<ξ<a ET I 100(12)

 −1 1/2 −bξ

41 x x2 + b2 J 0 (ax), (π/2) e I 0 (ab),

a > 0, Re b > 0 a<ξ<∞ ET I 100(13)

In deriving results
 for the preceding table from ET I, account has been taken of the fact that the normal-
ization factor 2/π employed in our definition of Fs has not been used in those tables.
1096 Integral Transforms

12.34 Table of Fourier cosine transforms

f (x) Fc (ξ)

112 x−ν , 0 < Re ν < 1 (2/π)1/2 ζ ν−1 Γ(1 − ν) sin(νπ/2),

ξ>0 ET I 10(1)

1 0<x<a sin(aξ)
2 (2/π)1/2 , ξ>0 ET I 7(1)
0 x>a ξ

0 0<x<a
3 −(2/π)1/2 Ci(aξ), ξ>0 ET I 8(3)
1/x x > a

x−1/2 0<x<a
4 2ξ −1/2 C (aξ), ξ>0 ET I 8(5)
0 x>a

0 0<x<a
5 2ξ −1/2 1
2 − C (aξ) , ξ>0 ET I 8(6)
x−1/2 x>a
1 
69 xν−1 , 0<ν<1 (2/π)1/2 Γ(ν)ξ −ν cos 2 νπ ,

0<ν<1 ET I 10(1)
1/2 −aξ
1 (π/2) e
7 , Re a > 0 , ξ>0 ET I 11(7)
x2 + a2 a
1

11 1 (π/2) 2 (1 + aξ)e−aξ
8 2, Re a > 0 , ξ>0 ET I 11(7)
(x2 + a2 ) 2a3
 ν
 −ν− 12 √ ξ K ν (aξ)
9 x2 + a2 , 2  , ξ>0 ET I 11(7)
2a Γ ν + 12
1
Re a > 0, Re ν > −
 2
ν
a2 − x2 0<x<a 1
10 , 2ν Γ(ν + 1)(a/ξ)ν+ 2 J ν+ 12 (aξ),
0 x>a
ξ>0 ET I 11(8)
Re ν > −1

0 0<x<a 1 1 
11  2 −ν− 12 , −2−(ν+ 2 ) Γ 2 − ν (ξ/a)ν Y ν (aξ),
x − a2 x>a
1 1 ξ>0 ET I 11(9)
− < Re ν <
2 2
 −1
12 e−ax , Re a > 0 (2/π)1/2 a a2 + ξ 2 , ξ>0 ET I 14(1)

continued on next page

 Table of Fourier cosine transforms 1097

continued from previous page

f (x) Fc (ξ)
  −2
13 xe−ax , Re a > 0 (2/π)1/2 a2 − ξ 2 a2 + ξ 2 ,

ξ>0 ET I 15(7)
  
1/2
 2 
2 −ν/2 −1 ξ
147 xν−1 e−ax , (2/π) Γ(ν) a + ξ cos ν tan ,
a
Re a > 0, Re ν > a ξ>0 ET I 15(7)

 −1/2  1/2 1/2

15 x−1/2 e−ax , Re a > 0 a2 + ξ 2 a2 + ξ 2 +a ,

ξ>0 ET I 14(4)

2
x2 −1 −ξ 2 /4a2
167 e−a , Re a > 0 2−1/2 |a| e , ξ>0 ET I 15(11)

 
−1 −x −1/2 −1 2
17 x e sin x (2π) tan , ξ>0 ET I 19(7)
ξ2
  2  2
 2
 1 ξ ξ
18 sin ax , a>0 √ cos − sin ,
2 a 4a 4a
ξ>0 ET I 23(1)
    
  1 ξ2
ξ 2
19 cos ax2 , a>0 √ cos + sin ,
2 a 4a 4a
ξ>0 ET I 24(7)
⎧ 1/2
⎪
⎨(π/2) ξ<a
sin(ax) 1 1/2
20 , a>0 (π/2) ξ=a ET I 18(1)
x ⎪
⎩
2
0 ξ>a

1/2  
sin2 (ax) (π/2) a − 12 ξ ξ < 2a
217 , a>0 ET I 19(8)
x2 0 2a < ξ

a+ξ a−ξ
227 e−bx sin(ax), a > 0, Re b > 0 (2π)−1/2 2 + 2 ,
b + (a + ξ)2 b + (a − ξ)2
ξ>0 ET I 19(6)
  1/2 
sin b x2 + a2
23 a>0 (b/a) (π/2)1/2 e−aξ , ξ>0 ET I 26(29)
(x2 + a2 )2
   1/2 
 −1/2   1/2  (π/2)1/2 J 0 a b2 − ξ 2 0<ξ<b
24 x2 + a2 sin b x2 + a2 ,
0 b<ξ
a>0
ET I 26(30)
continued on next page
1098 Integral Transforms

continued from previous page

f (x) Fc (ξ)

1/2
1 − cos(ax) (π/2) (a − ξ) ξ < a
25 , a>0 ET I 20(16)
x2 0 a<ξ
2    −1/4    
26 e−ax sin bx2 , Re a > |Im b| 2−1/2 a2 + b2 exp −aξ 2 / 4 a2 + b2
  −1 
× sin 12 arctan(b/a) − 14 bξ 2 a2 + b2 ,

ξ>0 ET I 23(5)
−ax2
 2
 −1/2
 2
 
2 −1/4
 2  
27 e cos bx , Re a > |Im b| 2 a +b exp −aξ / 4 a + b2
2
  −1 1 
× cos 14 bξ 2 a2 + b2 − 2 arctan(b/a) ,

ξ>0 ET I 24(6)
sinh(ax) π 1/2 sin(πa/b)
28 |Re a| < Re b ,
sinh(bx) 2 b [cosh (πξ/b) + cos(πa/b)]
ξ>0 ET I 31(14)

cosh(ax) (2π)1/2 cos(πa/2b) cosh (πξ/2b)

29 , |Re a| < Re b ,
cosh(bx) b [cosh (πξ/b) + cos(πa/b)]
ξ>0 ET I 31(12)

1/2
30 sech(ax), Re a > 0 a−1 (π/2) sech (πξ/2a) ,

ξ>0 ET I 30(1)

  πx
31 x2 + a2 sech , Re a > 0 2(2/π)1/2 a3 sech3 (aξ), ξ>0 ET I 32(19)
2a
 
a2  
32 ln 1 + 2 , Re a > 0 (2π)1/2 ξ −1 1 − e−aξ , ξ>0 ET I 18(10)
x
 2 
a + x2  
337 ln , (2π)1/2 e−bξ − e−aξ , ξ>0 ET I 18(12)
b2 + x2
Re a > 0, Re b > 0
 −1 1/2 −1 −bξ
34 x2 + b2 J 0 (ax), (π/2) b e I 0 (ab),

a > 0, Re b > 0 a<ξ<∞ ET I 45(14)

continued on next page
 Mellin transform 1099

continued from previous page

f (x) Fc (ξ)
 −1
35 x x2 + b2 J 0 (ax), (2/π)1/2 cosh(bξ) K 0 (ab),

a > 0, Re b > 0 0<ξ<a ET I 45(15)

In deriving results
 for the preceding table from ET I, account has been taken of the fact that the normal-
ization factor 2/π employed in our definition of Fc has not been used in those tables.

12.35 Relationships between transforms

The following relationships exist between transforms and they may be used to derive further transform
pairs from among the results given in Sections 12.13–12.34. The appropriate sections of the main body
of the tables may also be used to extend the list of transform pairs.

12.351
Fourier cosine transform and Laplace transform relationship
1 1
F c [f (x); ξ] = √ L [f (x); iξ] + √ L [f (x); −iξ] .
2π 2π

12.352
Fourier sine transform and Laplace transform relationship.
i i
F s [f (x); ξ] = √ L [f (x); iξ] − √ L [f (x); −iξ] .
2π 2π

12.353
Exponential Fourier transform and Laplace transform relationship
√ √
F [f (x); ξ] = 2πL [f (x); −iξ] + 2πL [f (−x); iξ] .

12.4110 Mellin transform

The Mellin transform of the function f (x), denoted by f ∗ (s), is defined by the integral
 ∞
f ∗ (s) = f (x)xs−1 dx.
0
The functions f (x) and f ∗ (s) are called a Mellin transform pair, and knowledge of either one enables
the other to be recovered.
The transform exists provided the integral
 ∞
|f (x)|xk−1 dx
0
is bounded for some k > 0, and then the inversion of the Mellin transform is accomplished by means of
the inversion integral
1100 Integral Transforms

 c+i∞
1
f (x) = f ∗ (s)x−s ds,
2πi c−i∞
where c > k.
Setting
f ∗ (s) = M [f (x); s]
to denote the Mellin transform, we have the symbolic expression for the inverse result
f (x) = M−1 [f ∗ (s); x] . MS 397(6)

12.42 Basic properties of the Mellin transform

1. For a and b arbitrary constants,
M [af (x) + bg(x)] = af ∗ (s) + bg ∗ (s) (linearity)

2. If lim xs−r−1 f (r) (x) = 0, r = 0, 1, . . . , n − 1,

x→0

  Γ(s)
(i) M f (n) (x); s = (−1)n f ∗ (s − n)
Γ(s − n)
(transform of a derivative) SU 267 (4.2.3)

  Γ(s + n) ∗
(ii) M xn f (n) (x); s = (−1)n f (s)
Γ(s)
(transform of a derivative) SU 267 (4.2.5)

3. Denoting the nth repeated integral of f (x) by In [f (x)], where

 x
In [f (x)] = In−1 [f (u)] du,
0

Γ(s)
(i) M [In [f (x)] ; s] = (−1)n f ∗ (s + n)
Γ(n + s)
(transform of an integral) SU 269 (4.2.15)

Γ(s)
(ii) M [In∞ [f (x)] ; s] = f ∗ (s + n),
Γ(s + n)
where
 ∞
In∞ [f (x)] = ∞
In−1 f (u) du (transform of an integral) SU 269 (4.2.18)
x

 c+i∞
1
4. M [f (x)g(x); s] = f ∗ (u)g ∗ (s − u) du
2πi c−i∞
(Mellin convolution theorem) SU 275(4.4.1)
 Table of Mellin transforms 1101

12.43 Table of Mellin transforms

f (x) f ∗ (s)

1 e−x Γ(s), Re s > 0 SU 521(M13)

2 1 
2 e−x 1
2 Γ 2s , Re s > 0 SU 521(M14)

1 
3 cos x Γ(s) cos 2 πs , 0 < Re s < 1 SU 521(M15)

1 
4 sin x Γ(s) sin 2 πs , 0 < Re s < 1 SU 521(M16)

1
5 π cot(πs), 0 < Re s < 1 SU 521(M1)
1−x
1
6 π cosec(πs), 0 < Re s < 1 SU 521(M2)
1+x
Γ(s/a) Γ(b − s/a)
7 (1 + xa )−b , 0 < Re s < ab
a Γ(b)
SU 521(M3)

T n (x) H(1 − x) 2−s π Γ(s)

8  1 1
  ,
(1 − x2 ) Γ 2 + 2s + 12 n Γ 12 + 12 s − 12 n
Re s > 0 SU 521(M4)
     
Tn x−1 H(1 − x) 2s−2 Γ 12 n + 12 s Γ 12 s − 12 n
9  ,
(1 − x2 ) Γ(s)
Re s > n SU 521(M5)
1  1 
Γ 2 s Γ 2 s + 12
10 P n (x) H(1 − x)    ,
2 Γ 12 s − 12 n + 12 Γ 12 s + 12 n + 1
Re s > 0 SU 521(M6)
1   
  2s−1 Γ 2 s + 12 n + 12 Γ 12 s − 12 n
11 P n x−1 H(1 − x) √ ,
π Γ(s + 1)
Re s > n SU 521(M7)

1 + x cos φ π cos(sφ)
12 , 0 < Re s < 1 SU 521(M11)
1 − 2x cos φ + x2 sin(sπ)
x sin φ π sin(sφ)
13 , −π < φ < π , 0 < Re s < 1 SU 521(M12)
1 − 2x cos φ + x2 sin(sπ)
continued on next page
1102 Integral Transforms

continued from previous page

f (x) f ∗ (s)

14 e−x cos φ cos (x sin φ) , Γ(s) cos(sφ), Re s > 0 SU 522(M17)

1
2π < φ < 12 π

15 e−x sin φ sin (x sin pφ) , Γ(s) sin(sφ), Re s > −1 SU 522(M18)

− 12 π < φ < 12 π
 
−ν 2s−ν−1 Γ 12 s
16 x J ν (x), ν> − 21   , 0 < Re s < 1 SU 522(M19)
Γ ν − 12 s + 1
   
17 Y ν (x), ν∈R −2s−1 π −1 Γ 12 s + 12 ν Γ 12 s − 12 ν
 
× cos 12 s − 12 ν π,

3
|ν| < Re s < 2 SU 522(M20)
1   
18 K ν (x), ν∈R 2s−2 Γ 2s + 12 ν Γ 12 s − 12 ν ,

Re s > ν > 0 SU 522(M21)

   
2s−1 tan 12 πs + 12 πν Γ 12 s + 12 ν
19 Hν (x), ν∈R   ,
Γ 12 ν − 12 s + 1
 
−1 − ν < Re s < min 32 , 1 − ν SU 522(M22)

1 πs (s/n)−1
20 , πn−1 cosec a ,
a + xn n
|arg a| < π, n = 1, 2, 3, . . . , 0 < Re s < n MS 453

 −ν
21 1 + axh , h−1 a−s/h B (s/h, ν − (s/h))

h > 0, |arg a| < π 0 < Re s < h Re ν MS 454

 ν−1
1 − xh for 0 < x < 1
22 , h−1 B (ν, s/h) MS 454
0 for x > 1
h > 0, Re ν > 0

23 ln(1 + ax), |arg a| < π πs−1 a−s cosec(πs), −1 < Re s < 0 MS 454

24 arctan x − 21 πs−1 sec(πs/2), −1 < Re s < 0 MS 454

continued on next page

 Table of Mellin transforms 1103

continued from previous page

f (x) f ∗ (s)
1 −1
25 arccot x 2 πs sec(πs/2), 0 < Re s < 1 MS 454

 
26 cosech(ax) Re a > 0 a−s 2 1 − 2−s Γ(s) ζ(s), Re s > 1 MS 454

27 sech2 (ax), Re a > 0 4a−s (1 − 22−s ) Γ(s)2−s ζ(s − 1),

Re s > 2 MS 454

28 cosech2 (ax), Re a > 0 4a−s Γ(s)2−s ζ(s − 1), Re s > 2 MS 454

 − 12 ν   1/2  1 1 1 1 
2911 x2 + b2 J ν a x2 + b2 2 2 s−1 a− 2 s b 2 s−ν Γ 2 s J ν−s/2 (ab),
3
0 < Re s < 2 + Re ν ET I 328
⎧ 1    
⎪ 2 2 2ν 2 2 1/2
⎪
⎨ a − x J ν a b − x
1  1  − 1 s ν+ 1 s
30 for 0 < x < a 2 2 s−1 Γ ,2 J ν+ 1 s (ab),
2s b
2 a
⎪
⎪ for x > a
2
⎩0
Re s > 0 MS 455
Re ν > −1
⎧ − 1
ν
   
⎪ 2 2 2 2 1/2
⎪
⎨ a − x 2
J ν b a − x
for 0 < x < a −1 1 1
31 21−ν [Γ(ν)] a 2 s−ν b−, 2 ν s ν−1+ 12 s, 12 s−ν (ab),
⎪
⎪ for x > a
⎩0
Re s > 0 MS 455

1   
32 K ν (αx) α−s 2s−2 Γ 2s − 12 ν Γ 12 s + 12 ν ,

Re s > |Re ν| MS 455

 − 1 ν
βa2 + x2 2  
1/2 
1 1 1
33  α− 2 s 2 2 s−1 β 2 s−ν Γ, 12 s K 1 (αβ),
× K ν α βa2 + x2 ν− 2 s

Re s > 0 MS 455
Re (α, β) > 0