OLP CFPP The Contingency Plan

OPLAN LIGTAS NA PAMAYANAN
THE CFPP:
A Contingency Plan
THE CFPP PLANNING WORKSHOP
TALK 1. THE PLAN
“A community able to prepare for an emergency can save
lives”
“Disaster preparedness planning involves identifying

organization resources, determining roles and
responsibilities, developing policies and procedures and
planning activities to reach a level of preparedness to be
able to respond timely and effectively to a disaster should
it occur”. International Federation of Red Cross and
Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
Key concept of Fire Protection Planning
COLLABORATIVE
By allowing a participative
environment wherein it is the
members of the barangay who
are to establish their own
community’s fire protection
plan, every individual will have
the same level of commitment
of support in executing the
plans.
COMPREHENSIVE
No emergency plan can stand
alone if it only addresses one
aspect of a whole scenario.
Thus, a fire protection plan must

address mitigation, response
and rehabilitation or restoration.
SERIES OR CYCLICAL
The concept of a cycle in
preparing the fire protection
plan is appropriate as it will
ensure that the response plan is
always relevant and applicable.
FACTUAL
Considering that a fire
protection plan will utilize
simulated incidents as bases in
preparing the response
procedures, truthful and factual
references are stringent.
Why have a CFPP?
a) It prevents fatalities and injuries
a well thought-out pre-fire plan,
or any emergency plan for that
matter, is an effective way of
preventing if not reducing the
number of casualties and
injuries in a fire emergency.
Why have a CFPP?
b) It reduces damage to property
Although damage to a scorched
property might not be avoidable,
reducing damage is vital. A well
thought-out fire response
system can help in minimizing
damage.
Why have a CFPP?
c) The law requires it
Republic Act 9515 or the Fire
Code of the Philippines of 2008
mandates that in order to
promote safety in cases of fire
and emergency, every building
and community must have a
workable pre-fire emergency
plan in order to respond quickly
and save lives and property.
What is a Community Fire Protection Plan?
The Community Fire Protection Plan is
a detailed fire prevention, suppression
and rehabilitation plan that consolidates
all the past and present approaches of
the agency in handling fire safety and
prevention, fire suppression operations,
and education campaigns in the
communities with advanced and
idealistic methods of securing
communities from the catastrophe of
fire emergencies.
Components of a CFPP
A. Risk Evaluation and Elimination:
It involves 1) the identification of
fire hazards, 2) the removal of
fire’s causes, 3) the zoning of
communities in terms of their
hazardous layouts and set-ups
and 4) the execution of drastic
measures in order to maintain
utmost safety.
B. Tactical Defense Strategy:
A two-pronged approach for
achieving full fire emergency
preparedness.
- Pre-Fire Combating Strategy

- Community Involvement
Strategy
C. Zonal Interventions:
this agenda will answer to the
need to properly,
comprehensively and actively
educate the public of the
various fire safety means and
procedures.
What to consider?
A. SURFACE AREA
A village’s territorial surface
area affects the way a fire
station look watch and identify
its AOR. A very large community
may require a number of
considerations than a much
smaller one.
What to consider?
B. POPULATION DENSITY AND SOCIOLOGY
By far this can be the most
significant factor of all because
it plays with the life of possible
casualties. The way people live
plays a big factor in their
vulnerabilities towards fire
emergencies. Residential fires
are products of domestic
activities.
What to consider?
C. SET-UP OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIAL
COMPOSITION
How buildings are built plays a
big factor same with where it is
built into. Material composition,
proximity and surrounding
facilities dictates the level of risk
and vulnerability that one village
will have.
What to consider?
D. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Seldom considered,
environmental factors affect the
hazard analysis of one place
and the entire fire suppression
operation. In hazard analysis for
villages, the typology and
topography of the locality along
with the vegetation present
plays a crucial factor.
Other Considerations.
1. Not all communities have the same frequency of fire
incidents.
2. The majority of fire incidents occur in residential areas.
3. In most communities, the average farthest distance from
a fire station to its most remote AOR ranges from 7 to 10
minutes’ drive depending on the quality of the road.
4. Panic causes more damage than an actual fire. By
observation, civilians get injured in more cases not by
fire but by the chaotic rampage that comes with it.
TALK 2. ASSESS
A key factor in the formulation of any plan is its basis. For the
Community Fire Protection Plan, understanding the real threat
is the key for holistic prevention measures.
The analysis will move from macro to micro scale looking first
at the entire barangay set-up, targeting each purók / sitio /
cluster for in-depth analysis.
Community Hazards and Risks Assessment
Causes as Risks
In all communities, the hazard of fire is ever present. It only
varies with the level of risks that can trigger such event.
It should be understood that hazards are incidents that pose

danger and disrupt daily life.
Risks, on the other hand, are the chances of said hazards of

ever appearing. In other words, the causes of fire dictate the
risks.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE INCIDENTS
1. Electrical ignition caused by loose connection
2. Electrical ignition caused by overloading
3. Electrical ignition due to pinched wire
4. Electrical ignition caused by arcing
5. Overheated home appliance
6. Open flame from unattended lighted candle
7. Open flame from lamp (gasera) or torch (sulô)
8. Open flame from rubbish fire / bonfire to structural fire
9. Open flame from rural / agricultural land clearing (kaingin)
10. Ignition caused by fireworks / pyrotechnics
11. Intentional fire by use of incendiary device
12. Intentional fire by use of flammable liquid
13. Intentional fire by use of open flame
14. Ignition of material caused by welding slags
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE INCIDENTS
15. Ignition of materials caused by acetylene / hot works
16. LPG explosion caused by defective tank
17. LPG explosion caused by defective hose line
18. LPG explosion caused by defective regulator
19. LPG explosion caused by defective stove
20. LPG explosion caused by static electricity or spark
21. Fire caused by lightning
22. Ignition of materials from ember / flying ember or alipato
23. Smoking (lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe)
24. Children playing with matches or lighters
25. Battery short circuit or battery explosion
26. Dust explosion
27. Magnified / focused sun rays
28. Overheated engine (motor vehicle)
29. Sky lantern
Probability
Is the measure of the likelihood of something to ever
happening. For the CFPP, the probability that certain causes
of fires may cause an actual fire should be measured.
Just as the cause varies from cases to cases the likelihood

of that cause actually igniting fires varies equally. The
probability scale below illustrates this concept.
Probability Scale
Most Very Almost

Probability Unlikely Likely
Unlikely Likely Certain
Will Will cause
Will Might or
cause most fires / Will
never might
fire in has definitely
Description be the not
one way recorded cause
cause cause
or history in fire
of fire fire
another the area
Score
1 2 3 4 5
Factor
Impact
The impact of a fire incident varies from area to area. The
most common effects of fire incidents are injuries, fatalities,
property damage, and disruption to daily life, quantified by
the time it takes to recover. Impact is the severity of these
effects. Impact is what matters. Different causes also caries
varying impact to the population, again the factor of
commonality to location plays an important part
Impact Scale
Outcome Negligible Minor Moderate Severe Devastating
Several injuries Multiple

Minor or No Serious injuries
Minor Injuries. and no casualties.
Injuries. and a number
fatalities.
of fatalities.
Limited Catastrophic
No other
properties Significant property loss
Description properties Major loss of
affected. property
affected. property.
damage. Greater than
Up to one day two months
Little or No 1-2 months
delay for Up to a week delay to
disruption to delay for
normalcy. delay for normalcy and
daily life. normalcy.
normalcy. recovery.
Score Factor
1 2 3 4 5
Vulnerability
Vulnerability is the quality or state of being prone to threat.
Vulnerability magnifies the level of risk. Unlike probabilities
and impact, vulnerabilities are the conditions present in a
certain area that will magnify the risks. The IFRC illustrates
the relationship between risk, cause, and vulnerability in the
equation
Risk = cause X vulnerability

VULNERABILITIES FIRE CAUSES / RISKS
Vulnerability
Unsafe housekeeping Illegal / unsafe
FIRE EMERGENCY
practices. electrical connections
and overloading.
High population
density in congested Open flames during
areas. cooking.
Base-line living Lighted cigarettes.

conditions.
Unrated / easily
Impenetrable during ignitable materials.
operations due to Indifference to
narrow streets. warnings.
CFPP Form 1: Causes – Risk Assessment
Application
Causes Probability Impact Vulnerability Risk Level Rank
“The most “Scale of “The “Multiplying “Computed Ranking
common likelihood of gravity of factor based average amongst
causes of ever possible on pre- score” other
fire” becoming outcome” defined causes
the cause” conditions”
Formula: Risk Level = (Probability + Impact) x Vulnerability
Note: Vulnerability Factor constant for all causes based on the checklist score
Example: Barangay _____________
Open
5 5 5 50 1
Flame
Illegal
electrical 4 4 5 40 2
connections
LPG 2 1 5 15 3
Activity 1:
Causes – Risk Assessment
Risk and Vulnerability Mapping and Zoning
Vulnerability Zones
Next to risk assessment is plotting the identified
vulnerabilities into a map of the barangay. This will give the
planners the big picture as to the extent of their area’s
vulnerability in the event of fire. This is done using the
Barangay Hazard Vulnerability Checklist wherein a certain
purók / sitio / cluster in the barangay is labeled into four
distinct zones based on their vulnerability to fire hazards.
Vulnerability Zones
VULNERABILITY Checklist
ZONE Score Summarized Characteristics
Areas with structures that are most likely to burn with extreme rapidity
and to spread fire quickly, such as: 1) residences / buildings that are
60–100% made of wood or easily ignitable materials, such as nipa,
RED ZONE bamboo, or sawali; 2) residences at close proximity to one another,
below 8 meters apart, and with no proper fire wall installations; 3)
Highly 5 structures used as storage for petroleum, rubber, LPG and other
chemicals that produce poisonous fumes and gases and can explode
Vulnerable devastatingly; 4) structures, concrete or wooden, with open flames
within, such as furnaces, smoking ovens, and the like; 5) structures with
minimal or no fire safety provisions, such as exits, egresses and
ventilation.
Vulnerability Zones
Areas with structures that are most likely to burn and spread fire with
moderate rapidity, such as: 1) buildings / residences that are 30–60%
made of wood / lightweight construction materials; 2) concrete
ORANGE residences with easily-ignitable contents; 3) residences with relative
ZONE distance of 8 to 15 meters from one another, or row houses with the
Moderately
4 proper firewall installation; 4) concrete structures used for storage of
flammable materials (except petroleum, rubber, LPG) or flammable
chemicals that are unlikely to produce toxic fumes, smoke and gases
Vulnerable while burning or explode with less severity; 5) other structures occupied
by people and with electrical connections and possible fire ignition
sources, with minimal ventilation, exits and egress provisions and the
like.
Vulnerability Zones
Areas with structures that are most likely to burn and spread fire with
moderate rapidity, such as: 1) buildings / residences that are 30–60%
made of wood / lightweight construction materials; 2) concrete
residences with easily-ignitable contents; 3) residences with relative
YELLOW ZONE distance of 8 to 15 meters from one another, or row houses with the
Mildly 2 proper firewall installation; 4) concrete structures used for storage of

flammable materials (except petroleum, rubber, LPG) or flammable
Vulnerable chemicals that are unlikely to produce toxic fumes, smoke and gases
while burning or explode with less severity; 5) other structures occupied
by people and with electrical connections and possible fire ignition
sources, with minimal ventilation, exits and egress provisions and the
like.
Vulnerability Zones
BLUE ZONE Areas not directly affected by any fire hazard; areas not used for
Safe Zone
1 human habitation; vacant areas, lots, and spaces; evacuation areas
such as gymnasiums, auditoriums, schools, etc.
Risk Mapping
a. Barangay Location Map – A detailed map of an entire
barangay, showing its streets, houses, key centers and
structures, and directions within the barangay and toward its
neighbors. During an emergency call, this map will serve as
the guide for the fire crew to reach the incident’s location.
Risk Mapping
b. Fire Hazard Map – Similar to a geological hazard map showing
landslide or flood-prone areas, this type of map shows areas identified for
high risk of conflagration, either natural spontaneous or accidental. The
most basic component of this map is the color coding used to identify the
levels of hazard, from safe to high risk. This map is created mirroring the
location map but with details, through inspection of the actual vicinity, with
terrain and features relative to the possibility of fire incidents. Creating this
map involves analyzing the hazard levels in the community based on the
checklist and hazard review guidelines.
Risk Mapping
c) Hydrants and Waterways Location Map – A mirror of
the location map showing the location of fire hydrants and
water sources within the barangay. This is vital for providing
a steady supply of water during fire emergencies.
d) Barangay Fire & Emergency Evacuation Plan – This

map lays out community preparations for fire incidents and
other calamities, showing identified locations for safe
temporary refuge.
Sample Map
Activity 2:
Risk-Vulnerability Mapping and
Zoning
Capabilities and Needs Assessment
Vulnerabilities are states of proneness to threats, whereas

capabilities are the capacity to respond to and address
vulnerabilities. It is therefore critical understanding what
makes a community vulnerable to fire emergencies and
knowing what capabilities it can employ in order to mitigate,
respond to or totally eliminate threats.
CFPP Form 2: Capabilities and Needs Assessment Form
Vulnerabilities Capabilities Needs Activities OPR Timeline
“Prelisted “Existing “Needs that “Activities to “Office or “Timeframe of

vulnerabilities” capabilities, will arise, be it perform in Person implementation
actions, physical order to meet Responsible of activities”
programs infrastructure, the needs” within the
relative to the basic goods, barangay”
vulnerability” etc.
Example:
Poor Weekly clean Information Conduct of Chairperson, January to
housekeeping up drive Dissemination purók / sitio Committee March
practice program seminar on on
good Household
housekeeping Affairs
practice
BHW
(There can be
multiple
activities)
What are the Vulnerabilities
1. LAND AND SURFACE VULNERABILITIES
a. High density of structures / buildings.

b. Close clustering of buildings.
c. Limited accessibility for rescue vehicles
d. Limited access to remote areas of the community.
e. Means of access are obstructed or not easily navigable.
f. Inadequate directions or signage (e.g. street names, markers, etc)
g. Limited accessible/operational fire hydrants and other water sources
h. Limited evacuation areas or areas of safe refuge.
2. POPULATION AND SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES
a. High population density for the land area (e.g. informal

settlements)
b. Poor housekeeping practice in general.
c. Improper disposal of flammable domestic waste.
d. Poor housing conditions.
e. Improper electrification.
3. SET-UP OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIAL VULNERABILITIES
a. Majority of buildings/structures made of light and easily

combustible materials.
b. Inadequate building/structural separation (lack of firewalls for
row houses or adjacent houses)
c. Proximity to mercantile facilities.
d. Proximity to industrial facilities.
e. Proximity to warehouses or large storage facilities.
f. Limited compliance with building laws and regulations.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITIES
a. Dominant winds in the direction of the greater part of the
residences.
b. Proximity to grasslands with history of grass fires.
c. Proximity to forested lands with history of forest fires.
d. Inaccessible area due to high elevation. (e.g. cliff side;
mountainous, rugged terrain)
e. Lack of natural bodies of water in the area.
f. Relatively high heat index during summer / dry months.
Activity 3:
Capabilities and Needs
Assessment
The Scenarios
The best way to plan is to actually see what you are
planning for. However since contingency planning is
anticipatory (but hopefully would not be used), the best way
to anticipate events is through the development of a
scenario. For this purpose, all the data analyzed in this
chapter would boil down to developing possible scenarios
and looking into the anatomy of an event. In this way,
planners can have the most complete understanding
possible of what could really happen should an incident
occur.
The Scenarios
CFPP Form 3: Scenario Visualization Form
BAD WORSE WORST

SITUATION No. ___
SCENARIO SCENARIO SCENARIO
Description “Provide
description of
“What could “What could “What could
the event”
happen?” happen?” happen?”
Location “Most likely
area of origin”
Affected Increasing
“Range of
Household range of
affected
affected
population”
population
Probability “Rate
probability
for this
scenario”
Impact “Rate
possible
impact of this
scenario”
Activity 4:
Scenario Visualization
TALK 3. PREPARE
All good planners will tell you that next to thorough
assessment is preparation. What good is it knowing the
hazard if one will not prepare for it. Critical in any contingency
plan is the amount of preparation that the planners can
employ. As much as possible, the preparations and action
plans to be created are based on identified individual
scenarios. In this way, resources are maximized and efforts
are focused on where truly needed.
Prevention Activities
CFPP Form 4: Prevention Activities Form
BUDGETARY
NEEDS ACTIVITIES OPR SCHEDULE/S
REQUIREMENTS
“Needs that will “Activities “Office or “Provide “Rough
arise be it to perform person tentative dates estimate of
physical in order to responsible for the expenses that
infrastructure, meet the within the activities and the activity may
basic goods, needs” barangay” related items require”
etc. such as
location /
venue if
applicable.
Activity 5:
Prevention Activities
CFPP Form 5: Purók / Sitio Fire Response Data
The Response NAME OF SITIO
Vulnerability zone Vulnerability Rating
Procedure POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD
Number of Number of Families
Household
Number of Estimated Land Area
Individuals
ROUTE
Primary Route During Names of streets along route.
Operation
Distance from the Estimated Actual
Fire Station Time of Travel Tested
Travel Time
Secondary Route Names of streets along route.
During Operation
Distance from the Estimated Actual
Fire Station Time of Travel Tested
Travel Time
Entry Point for Responding
Trucks
Entry Point for Refilling Trucks
The Response ACCESS ROAD TO THE AREA
Road “Yes or Width “road Pavement “Dirt / concrete /
Procedure No” width” asphalt”
Narrow “Yes or Width “alley Pavement “Dirt / concrete /
Alleys No” width” asphalt”
Passable for “Pumpers / Tankers / Penetrators
Additional Entry “Name additional access alleys”
Alleys
Number of Hoses Needed to Cover Farthest
Area
HYDRANT AND WATER SOURCES
DISTANCE FROM
LOCATION RATE OF DISCHARGE STATUS
THE AREA
“List down sources
within 1km radius”
Other Water Sources “Yes or Type and Location
No”
The Response
Procedure CFAG RESPONDERS
Chief CFAG “Name” Cont. No.
Fire Defense Team “Name” Cont. No.
Leader
EVACUATION AREAS
Primary Evacuation Location/
Area Distance
Secondary Location/
Evacuation Area Distance
REMARKS
Fire Truck Parking Arrangement
Engine Relay
Adjacent Facilities/ Structures
*Attach Sketch of the Purók / Sitio
Activity 6:
Purok Fire Response Data
TALK 4. TEST
Plans should be tested, evaluated, and modified for
effectiveness. By means of drills, simulations, and role-plays,
planners can gain discoveries, ideas, and insights into the
execution and management of planned actions. At the same
time, concretization, awareness, appreciation, skill, interest,
confidence, and knowledge retention can all be attained
through participation in such exercises by the local populace
who otherwise could not gain such understanding by mere
discussion or reading.
Drills and Simulations
As a matter of policy, community fire drills and simulation exercises
have to be performed in every purók / sitio at least once in a year. All
units of the community have to be involved, that is, the entire
neighborhood is encouraged to participate, especially those within the
RED, ORANGE and YELLOW Zones. The conduct of drills must not
only revolve around extinguishing the dummy fire, but the whole
suppression operation – from the moment the station is notified, to the
transit towards the fire scene, to the initial mobilization of the first
responders – and all considerations, with all the operational
consequences discussed in the previous chapter.
Evaluation
DRILL PHASES AND POINT CRITERIA YES NO N/A
1 INCIDENT / ALARM PHASE
a Community leaders alerted within 1 minute of notification of fire.
b Fire Station personnel informed within 1 minute of the fire.
c Neighborhood alerted immediately.
d Other law enforcement & security agencies notified.
2 MOBILIZATION / RESPONSE PHASE
a Fire Command Center immediately established.
b CFAG/First responders present on the scene within 2–3 minutes.
c Firefighting team present on the scene within 5–7 minutes.
d Traffic control activated & fire scene controlled.
e Tactical firefighting procedures performed.
Fire extinguished within pre-set time. (The C/MFM sets
f
the time coverage depending on the scenario.)
g Responders performing operation with proper PPE and safety.
Evaluation
3 EVACUATION AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL OPERATION
a Evacuation clear of hazard & obstruction.
b Evacuation route properly marked with signage.
c Evacuees able to reach evacuation area unhurt and in order.
d Evacuees all accounted for.
e Missing individuals duly reported to IC.
f Presence of leadership & command during evacuation.
g Rescuers activated & performing.
h Proper extrication of trapped victims.
i Triage area established & triage performed.
j Victims given proper emergency medical attention.
k Special person’s needs properly accommodated.
l Drill participants active & seriously participated in the drill.
4 DEMOBILIZATION
a Announcement of termination of drill.
b Critiquing gaps & adjustments.
Gaps and Adjustments
The conduct of drills and simulations will expose gaps within the plans
and the actual situation during operations. These gaps have to be duly
noted and considered and proper adjustments have to be made. Most
often, the gaps will revolve around response time, underperformance
of team members, and difficulty in mobility. But in order to make sure
that no gaps are left unchecked, the planners must consider this
simple formula, based on IFRC:
“Gaps Adjustments = Actual Preparedness Measure – Existing

Preparedness Capacities”.
Gaps and Adjustments
CFPP Form 6: Preparedness Gaps and Adjustment Assessment form
Existing
Issues Gaps OPR
Plan
“Issues and “Actions “Actions that should “Person responsible
concerns noted made based have been done to make the
during the on the CFPP” based on noted adjustments”
operation” issues”
TALK 5. IMPROVE
Every plan has to be dynamic, it must not be simply shelved.
This is true to contingency plans wherein it must constantly be
updated in order to stay relevant. As time passes quickly so
does technologies and the circumstances. The plans that be
applicable today may no longer be effective just a few months
or year later. That is why it has to be updated and re-
evaluated constantly.
Regular Updating
It is suggested that the CFPP be re-evaluated biannually
(excluding regular drills and simulations), if no incident has
occurred. Contact information and names of point persons
have to be updated as well. New members have to be
oriented.
The schedule for re-evaluation of the CFPP must be closely

monitored by the local fire station.
After Operation Evaluation
As suggested in Chapter 4, the CFPP and the readiness of its enactors will
be truly tested during actual firefighting operations. This is where every
portion of the plan can be truly evaluated and direct interventions can then
be made. It is also during actual operations that the skills of the enactors of
the plan will be tested.
For this reason, an After-Operation Evaluation has to be made between the

BFP crew and the members of the community who responded to the
incident. It is the duty of the Fire Marshal to ensure that this activity is done
right after every response. Results of the evaluation have to be reflected in
the CFPP, especially if major improvements have to be made.
Thank You!
End of Module 2

OLP CFPP The Contingency Plan

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

OLP CFPP The Contingency Plan

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

OPLAN LIGTAS NA PAMAYANAN

“Disaster preparedness planning involves identifying

Thus, a fire protection plan must

- Pre-Fire Combating Strategy

It should be understood that hazards are incidents that pose

Risks, on the other hand, are the chances of said hazards of

Just as the cause varies from cases to cases the likelihood

Most Very Almost

Several injuries Multiple

Risk = cause X vulnerability

Base-line living Lighted cigarettes.

Formula: Risk Level = (Probability + Impact) x Vulnerability

Mildly 2 proper firewall installation; 4) concrete structures used for storage of

d) Barangay Fire & Emergency Evacuation Plan – This

Vulnerabilities are states of proneness to threats, whereas

Vulnerabilities Capabilities Needs Activities OPR Timeline

“Prelisted “Existing “Needs that “Activities to “Office or “Timeframe of

a. High density of structures / buildings.

a. High population density for the land area (e.g. informal

a. Majority of buildings/structures made of light and easily

BAD WORSE WORST

“Gaps Adjustments = Actual Preparedness Measure – Existing

The schedule for re-evaluation of the CFPP must be closely

For this reason, an After-Operation Evaluation has to be made between the

You might also like