2.

0 Auxiliary Views
In engineering drawing, auxiliary views are used to show the true size and shape of surfaces
(i.e. slanted or inclined surfaces) of an object that are not parallel to any of the principal
orthogonal planes. To look at an inclined or slanted surface of an object requires projection of
the object onto a different plane (i.e. Auxiliary Plane) that is not one of the principal planes so
that the object can be viewed differently or to start successive auxiliary views. It can be seen
in figure 2.0, that the true size and shape of the slanted surface is drawn on the Auxiliary plane
using the Front Elevation of the figure which is parallel to the slanted surface, such that the
length of the true surface is measured from the Top plan.

Figure 2.0: Auxiliary projection of the slanted surface of an object whose pictorial view is shown on
the left.

Auxiliary views are obtained from orthographic views (Elevation or Plan) by means of
projection lines or lines of sight at a given viewing angle which are parallel to the auxiliary
plane. As seen in the object of figure 2.1, whose views are drawn in first angle projection, the
viewing angle is 30° and the lines of sight are parallel to the auxiliary plane but perpendicular
to the datum (horizontal base) line and the edge view lines. The edge view lines are the lines
measured by distances marked A and B from the datum or horizontal base line. Note that the
measurements A and B are measured from the Plan for auxiliary plan. When the Auxiliary
Elevation is to be drawn, then the edge view lines are measured from the Elevation.
In figure 2.1, it can be seen that the object is drawn in first angle orthographic projection. When
an auxiliary plan is projected from the normal elevation it is called the first auxiliary plan. If
another elevation is obtained from the first auxiliary plan, then it is called second auxiliary
elevation. On the other hand, when an auxiliary elevation is projected from a normal plan it is
called the first auxiliary elevation. If another plan is obtained from the first auxiliary elevation,
then it is called second auxiliary plan.
However, the auxiliary plan view of figure 2.1 is obtained by means of projection lines passing through
all the corner points of the object.

Free Lecture Notes on GRE-213 (Engineering Drawing III) prepared by C. O. Eleghasim – Chapter 2

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 Figure 2.1: Auxiliary Plan

Free Lecture Notes on GRE-213 (Engineering Drawing III) prepared by C. O. Eleghasim – Chapter 2

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Auxiliary views visualization can be very difficult. It is therefore crucial for one to practice looking at
3-dimentional objects and try to visualize them in 2-dimension in his mind. With the help of mechanics
of auxiliary projection and visualization, it is simple to produce auxiliary views of any object.

2.1 Mechanics of Auxiliary Projection and Visualization

The systematic way of avoiding the troubles associated with the visualizing slanted or inclined surfaces
(foreshortened surfaces) can be achieved by following the connections between corner points from the
slanted surfaces in the normal Plan and Elevation with the help of the edge view lines. This can be
achieved in the following steps:
Step 1: number each corner of the object in the normal elevation and normal plan in similar way as
shown in 2.2.

Figure 2.2: systematic numbering of corner points in the normal Elevation and normal Plan
in 3rd Angle orthographic projection

Step 2: produce projection lines (lines of sight) from all the corner points from the normal elevation (if
you want to produce auxiliary plan) or from the normal plan (if you are drawing auxiliary elevation)
using the given viewing angle as shown in figure 2.1, where 30° is the viewing angle. At any distance
from the projection lines, draw the datum or horizontal base line and mark-out from it the edge view
lines measured from the plan (if you are drawing first auxiliary plan) or measured from the normal
elevation (if you are drawing first auxiliary elevation). In figure 2.1, the edge view lines are marked-
out with measurements A and B measured from the plan (for more information see figure 2B to figure
2D
Step 3: identify all the points in the auxiliary view. After identifying all the points, then join all the
corner points the way they are connected in both the normal elevation and the normal plan. In figure
2.1, the points 5 & 4 are joined, 4 & 3 are joined, 3 & 2 are joined, 2 & 1, 1 & 8, 8 & 7, 7 & 6, and
finally, 6 & 5 are joined producing the slanted surface as shown in the first auxiliary plan.
As a Class-Exercise, complete using pencil the numbering of figure 2.1 in the normal elevation,
normal plan and in the first auxiliary plan.

Free Lecture Notes on GRE-213 (Engineering Drawing III) prepared by C. O. Eleghasim – Chapter 2

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 Homework Assignment 1 (Deadline: 1 week)

(All dimensions in mm)

Figure (2A)

1. Figure (2A) is a machined object with different slanting surfaces. The Plan is viewed in the
direction of the arrow P, and the side view is shown beside it, and its auxiliary elevation is
viewed at an angle θ as shown in Figure (2B).

a. Number all the corner points systematically in the normal elevation and the normal plan,
as well as in the drawn auxiliary elevation on the right in Figure (2B).

b. Complete using the already drawn projection lines on the left hand side, the auxiliary view
at 67° viewing angle shown, using mechanics of auxiliary projection and visualization.

2. Figure (2C) shows the views of an object in 1st angle orthographic projection as well as its first
auxiliary elevation which has circular edges.

a. Number all the corner points systematically in the normal elevation and the normal plan,
as well as in the drawn auxiliary elevation in Figure (2C).

b. Complete using the already drawn projection lines on the right hand side, the auxiliary view
of the Object in Figure (2D), using mechanics of auxiliary projection and visualization.

Hint: Complete all the auxiliary projections on the given incomplete drawings. Do not reproduce
the drawings

Free Lecture Notes on GRE-213 (Engineering Drawing III) prepared by C. O. Eleghasim – Chapter 2

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 Figure(2B)

Free Lecture Notes on GRE-213 (Engineering Drawing III) prepared by C. O. Eleghasim – Chapter 2

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 Figure(2C)

Free Lecture Notes on GRE-213 (Engineering Drawing III) prepared by C. O. Eleghasim – Chapter 2

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 Figure (2D)

Free Lecture Notes on GRE-213 (Engineering Drawing III) prepared by C. O. Eleghasim – Chapter 2

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 Studio-Work 1 (2 hours)
1. The plan and elevation of a hexagonal piece are shown in figure (SW10). Draw full size those
views, and produce its first auxiliary elevation viewed at the given 45° arrow, using the datum
line X1Y2. Show all hidden details. (Computer Engineering)

2. Figure (SW11) shows the details of a cast concrete block in 1st angle orthographic projection,
using a scale of 1:10 draw the given views and the first auxiliary plan viewed at the given 30°
arrow. Show all hidden details. (Elect. / Elect. Engineering)
3.

4. The front elevation and plan of a model bungalow is shown in figure (SW12) in 1st angle
orthographic projection. Draw full size, the first auxiliary elevation in the direction of the arrow
M. Show all hidden details. (Mechanical Engineering)

5. Figure (SW11) shows the details of a cast concrete block in 1st angle orthographic projection,
using a scale of 1:10 draw the given views and the first auxiliary Elevation viewed at the given
60° arrow. Show all hidden details. (Agric/Food Engineering)

6. The plan and elevation of a special angle bracket are shown in figure (SW13), draw full size
the given views and first auxiliary plan using the datum line X1Y2. Show all hidden details.
(Civil Engineering)

30°

60°
Figure (SW10)

Figure (SW11)

Free Lecture Notes on GRE-213 (Engineering Drawing III) prepared by C. O. Eleghasim – Chapter 2

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 Figure (SW13)

Figure (SW12)

Hint: It is advisable for all students in a particular department to practice the Studio-Work questions
given to other departments, as Self-Exercises in preparation for the Examination.

Free Lecture Notes on GRE-213 (Engineering Drawing III) prepared by C. O. Eleghasim – Chapter 2