A STUDY ON “STUDY OF APPLICATION OF

LAWS AND PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICS IN

WATER PUMP (HAND PUMP )”

A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT IN PHYSICS OF CLASS 11

Submitted by

JONSON KATWAL
Class 11
Roll no: 058

Submitted to

SOS Herman Gmeiner Higher Secondary

School Sanothimi Bhaktapur, Nepal
 CERTIFICATE OF
APPROVAL

This project work entitled "STUDY OF APPLICATION OF LAWS AND

PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICS IN WATER PUMP " by Jonson Katwal " of
SOS HERMAN GMEINER HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL prepared
...........................................................under
the supervision of …..Sir, submitted for the partial fulfillment of
prerequisite
of the physics of class 11 has been accepted.

Name of Supervisor:
…….

Department of Chemistry SOS Herman Gmeiner School

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 RECOMMENDATION
LETTER

This project work entitled STUDY OF APPLICATION OF LAWS AND

PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICS IN WATER PUMP " by Jonson Katwal of
SOS Herman Gmeiner , Sanothimi has been prepared under my supervision
as a partial fulfillment for class 11 of the physics course. I, therefore,
recommend the project work for evaluation.
The project provides a comprehensive exploration of the classification,
characteristics, and use of drugs. His work is commendable as it reflects his
keen interest in understanding the physics involved in local technology.
Under my guidance, Displayed exceptional research skills. He has collected
and analyzed relevant data from credible sources, ensuring the accuracy and
reliability of the information presented in the report. Additionally, he
employed a variety of research methodologies, including literature reviews
to gather comprehensive and well-rounded insights into the topic.

Signature:

...........................
Date:13/06/2023

iii
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled " STUDY OF
APPLICATION OF LAWS AND PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICS IN WATER
PUMP " submitted to the Department of Physics of SOS Herman Gmeiner,
Sanothimi Bhaktapur, is an original piece of work carried out under the
supervision and guidance of………, Faculty of Physics , SOS Herman
Gmeiner School, Sanothimi Bhaktapur and is submitted for the partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the physics of grade 11. This project
work report has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree.

Signature:

..........................

Date:................

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGE
MENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the people who

have supported me in the preparation of this report. Without their
guidance, encouragement, and assistance, I would not have been
able to complete this project.

First and foremost, I would like to thank my teacher,

………………, for their invaluable support and guidance
throughout the course of this project. Their feedback, insights,
and encouragement have been instrumental in helping me to
develop my ideas and produce a high-quality report.

I would also like to acknowledge the support of the SOS Herman

Gmeiner Library Staff, who provided me with access to a wide
range of resources and materials that were crucial to the success
of this project. Their expertise and willingness to help make the
research process much smoother and more efficient.

Additionally, I would like to express my thanks to my friends who

provided me with valuable feedback, encouragement, and support
throughout the writing process. Their insights and perspectives
were invaluable in helping me to refine my ideas and produce a
more polished report.

v
 ABSTRACT

Water pumps play a vital role in many different industries by facilitating the transportation of
water for everyday consumption, industrial processes, and irrigation. This paper offers a
succinct analysis of how basic physics laws and concepts influence the effectiveness and
operation of water pumps.

We begin with fluid mechanics and examine how ideas such as Bernoulli's principle control
the dynamics of pressure and flow in pumps and pipes. We next go into the mechanical parts,
where pump components like shafts and impellers are designed and function based on
Newton's equations of motion.

In the end, this study clarifies the critical role that physics plays in water pump engineering
and provides insights to improve sustainability and efficiency in water management techniques
across the globe.

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 Table of Contents

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL................................................................................ii

RECOMMENDATION LETTER................................................................................iii

DECLARATION.........................................................................................................iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…........................................................................................v

ABSTRACT…..............................................................................................................vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................vii

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY..........................................................................................10

METHODS OF STUDY OR RESEARCH DESIGN..................................................11

RESULT AND DISCUSSION......................................................................................12

CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................15

FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT…....................................................................16

RECOMMENDATION................................................................................................17

1.INTRODUCTION
The knowledge, abilities, and customs that have been cultivated and handed down through
the generations within certain cultural or ethnic groups are referred to as indigenous
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technology. It includes a broad spectrum of inventions and technology designed to meet the
particular requirements and conditions of regional communities.

Indigenous technology is dynamic; it changes throughout time in response to shifting social,

economic, and environmental circumstances. In order to satisfy modern demands, indigenous
tribes nevertheless innovate and modify their ancient technologies, all the while protecting
their ecological knowledge and cultural legacy.

A water pump is a mechanical device designed to move water from one location to another.
It plays a vital role in various applications, including agriculture, industry, and domestic use.
Water pumps come in different types and sizes, each tailored to specific needs and
conditions.

The fundamental idea of a water pump is to force water through the pipes by means of a
pressure differential. Mechanisms like centrifugal force, positive displacement, or
reciprocating motion are used to accomplish this.

Over generations, indigenous water management methods have developed, demonstrating a

profound comprehension of the region's ecosystems, hydrological cycles, and natural
resources. These systems, which are all intended to efficiently and sustainably harvest and
distribute water resources, include irrigation canals, aqueducts, wells, and water storage
facilities, among many other technologies and methods.

Therefore, This report investigates the relationship between water pumps and indigenous
technology, looking at how indigenous groups worldwide have used traditional knowledge
and locally accessible materials to create creative solutions to water management problems.
This report seeks to emphasize the need of acknowledging and conserving indigenous
expertise in sustainable water resource management techniques by providing examples of
indigenous water pump technologies and their cultural significance.

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2) OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1.Understanding Physics Principles in Water Pump Operation
Clarifying the fundamental physics rules and principles that control water pump operation is
the main goal of this research. Through an in-depth analysis of ideas like thermodynamics,
fluid mechanics, and mechanical engineering, we hope to offer a clear grasp of the
fundamental principles behind water pump functionality.

2. Examining the Impact of Physics on Pump Performance and Design

Analyzing the effects of physics principles on the performance, efficiency, and design of
many kinds of water pumps is another goal. We want to uncover important factors that affect
pump functioning, such as fluid flow patterns, energy transfer processes, and pressure
dynamics, by examining the interplay between physics laws and pump components.

3. Real-World Uses and Case Studies

Furthermore, we aim to assess real-world examples and case studies that show how physics
concepts are applied in the context of water pump technology. Our goal is to demonstrate
how physics ideas are used in the design, testing, and performance evaluation of water pumps
across a range of sectors and situations by examining case studies and experimental data.

4. Examining Strategies for Energy Efficiency and Optimization

The purpose of this study is to look into optimization techniques and energy efficiency in
water pump systems. Our goal is to find ways to optimize pump performance under different
operating situations, lower energy consumption, and increase energy efficiency by using
physics principles in pump design and operation.

5. Finding Prospects for New Ideas and Upcoming Studies

In conclusion, the goal of this study is to pinpoint areas that warrant further research and
innovation in the field of water pump technology. We hope to identify areas where additional
research and development efforts can advance pump design, improve energy efficiency, and
advance sustainable water management techniques by summarizing the results of our
analysis.

Study limitations
 Concepts in Physics Are Complicated
 Variability in Pump Applications and Designs
 Research and Data Accessible

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3) METHODS OF STUDY OR
RESEARCH DESIGN

 Literature Review: A thorough analysis of the body of prior research, including

scholarly journals, technical reports, textbooks, and pertinent publications, is done
before any more work is done. An understanding of the theoretical underpinnings and
real-world applications of physics in water pump technology can be gained from this
overview of the literature.

 Theoretical Analysis: The fundamental physics laws and concepts, such as fluid
mechanics, thermodynamics, and mechanical engineering, that are pertinent to the
operation of water pumps are examined theoretically. The interplay between physics
ideas and pump design and performance is examined using mathematical models and
theoretical frameworks.

 Case Studies: Case studies are used to look at actual water pump applications and how
well they follow the laws of physics. Case studies show how physics ideas affect
pump design, efficiency, and performance in various contexts. Examples from
industrial processes, home water supply, and agricultural irrigation are possible.

 Data Analysis: Statistical techniques and data visualization methods are used to
examine data gathered from theoretical analyses, experimental investigations, and
case studies. In order to offer judgments and recommendations, this study helps find
patterns, correlations, and linkages between pump performance indicators and physics
parameters.

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 4) RESULT AND DISCUSSION
PHYSICS INVOLVED IN WATERPUMP
 Fluid mechanics: Bernoulli's principle and the laws of fluid dynamics control how
water pumps and pipelines convert energy, change pressure, and flow velocity.

 Mechanical Engineering: The design and operation of pump components are

influenced by Newton's equations of motion, which guarantee effective conversion of
mechanical energy into fluid energy.

 Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic processes, such as energy conversion and heat

transfer, impact the overall efficiency and performance of pump systems, affecting
factors like pump horsepower and energy consumption.

WORKING MECHANISM
Working mechanism involves UPSTROKE and DOWNSTROKE

UPSTROKE
a. Suction Stroke: When the pump handle or lever is raised, the pump cylinder experiences a
vacuum or negative pressure.
Water is sucked upward from the well or borehole via the suction pipe or inlet valve during
this suction stroke.

b. Inlet Valve Closure: The inlet valve at the bottom of the pump cylinder closes in tandem
with the upward movement of the pump handle or lever. By doing this, water is kept from
returning to the borehole or well during the downstroke.

c. Water Inflow: The negative pressure created by the suction stroke allows water to flow into
the pump cylinder, filling the space created by the upward movement of the piston, plunger,
or diaphragm.

DOWNSTROKE
a. Discharge Stroke: The water trapped inside the pump cylinder is compressed as the pump
handle or lever is pushed downward. The water is forced higher up the pump cylinder by the
pressure gradient produced by the piston, plunger, or diaphragm moving downward.
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b. Outlet Valve Opening: The top of the cylinder's outlet valve opens due to the elevated
pressure inside the pump cylinder. This enables a delivery pipe or spout attached to the pump
to allow compressed water to exit the pump cylinder.

c. Water Delivery: Water is released through the pump's delivery pipe or spout, ready for use
in irrigation, drinking, or other applications, as soon as the pump handle or lever has
completed its downward stroke.

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APPLICATION OF WATERPUMP
Community Water delivery: In isolated and rural areas with limited access to centralized
water delivery systems, hand pumps are dependable sources of safe drinking water. They frequently
cover wells, hand-dug wells, and boreholes, giving locals a sustainable and practical source of water.

Domestic Use: In homes, hand pumps are used to retrieve water for cleaning, cooking, drinking,
and other needs. They are essential in rural and off-grid locations because they provide an easy way to
get water without requiring energy or complicated infrastructure

Agricultural Irrigation: Hand pumps are utilized in small-scale agriculture to draw water
from surface water sources or shallow wells in order to irrigate crops. Especially in dry seasons,
farmers can manually run a hand pump to give water to their fields, guaranteeing sufficient moisture
for crop growth.

Emergency Water Supply: Hand pumps are essential in emergency scenarios where
access to clean drinking water is impeded, such as during natural disasters or humanitarian
crises. Rapid deployment of portable hand pumps can provide afflicted communities with an
emergency water supply, perhaps saving lives and easing suffering.

5) SCOPES OF WATERPUMP
Technological Innovation: Ongoing developments in technology targeted at
enhancing performance, robustness, and user-friendliness will be advantageous for hand
pumps in the future. Low-friction parts, self-lubricating materials, and precise engineering
methods are examples of innovations that can improve pump performance while lowering
maintenance needs. Furthermore, including renewable energy sources—like solar power or
kinetic energy harvesting—can offer additional operational options, particularly in isolated or
off-grid locations.

Accessibility and Inclusivity: There is a lot of design opportunity when it comes

to developing hand pumps that are inclusive of all users, including children, the elderly, and
those with disabilities. By providing equal access to water supplies, ergonomic designs,
adaptable operating mechanisms, and user-friendly interfaces can make hand pumps more
intuitive and user-friendly for a wider range of populations.

Community Empowerment and participation: By encouraging local

ownership and sustainability, hand pumps can act as catalysts for community empowerment
and participation. Subsequent interventions may concentrate on participatory methods that
entail community members in the infrastructure planning, implementation, and upkeep of
hand pumps. This increases resilience and social cohesiveness in communities while also
enhancing local capability.
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Integrated Water Resource Management: Strategies that support the
sustainable use and conservation of water resources can greatly benefit from the usage of
hand pumps. Future projects can look into how hand pumps and other water supply
technologies—like rainwater collecting systems, groundwater recharge programs, and water-
saving techniques—can work together. Hand pumps can improve water security and reduce
environmental impact by being integrated into larger water management frameworks.

6) CONCLUSION
Understanding the fundamentals of physics as they relate to water pump
technology can help with energy efficiency, water management, and pump
design optimization. In order to overcome the issues associated with global
water supply, engineers can create sustainable and resource-efficient water
pumping technologies by incorporating physics concepts into pump engineering
and design procedures.

Therefore, Relating the concepts of physics with local indigenous technology

helped in better understanding about its working mechanism and modifications
for simplicity in our daily life.

7) REFERENCES
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pumping

2) https://www.elprocus.com/water-pump-types-and-applications/

3) https://pumps2you.com/

4) https://www.researchgate.net/

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