Electrical measurement and instrumentation ECEG4155,

Worksheet I

1. A displacement sensor has an input range of 0.0 to 3.0 cm and a standard supply voltage
VS =0.5 volts. Using the calibration results given in the table, estimate:
(a) The slope K and ideal straight line intercept of the ideal straight line.
(b) The maximum non-linearity as a percentage of f.s.d.

Displacement x cm 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3

Output voltage millivolts (VS = 0.5) 0.0 16.5 32 44 51.5 55.5 58

Answer

 O  Omin 
O  Omin   max  I  I min 
 I max  I min 
58.0  0.0
O0  I  0.0
30
O  19.33I , K  19.33, a  0
N ( I )  O( I )  ( KI  a )

Displacement x cm 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3

Output voltage millivolts (VS = 0.5) 0.0 16.5 32 44 51.5 55.5 58
Ideal output =KI+a 0.0 9.665 19.33 28.995 38.66 48.325 57.99
Non-linear=O(I)-ideal output 0.0 6.835 12.67 15.005 12.84 7.175 0.01

N
max non liearity as % of f.s.d  100%
Omax Omin

15.005
 100%  25.87%
58
Ref: principle of measurement, John P. Bentley

1
 2. A liquid level sensor has an input range of 0 to 15 cm. Use the calibration results given in
the table to estimate the maximum hysteresis as a percentage of f.s.d.
Level h cm 0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0
Output volts h increasing 0 0.35 1.42 2.4 3.43 4.35 5.61 6.5 7.77 8.85 10.2
Output volts h decreasing 0.14 1.25 2.32 3.55 4.43 5.7 6.78 7.8 8.87 9.65 10.2

Answer
Level h cm 0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0
Output volts h increasing 0 0.35 1.42 2.4 3.43 4.35 5.61 6.5 7.77 8.85 10.2
Output volts h decreasing 0.14 1.25 2.32 3.55 4.43 5.7 6.78 7.8 8.87 9.65 10.2
h decreasing- h increasing 0.14 0.9 0.9 1.15 1 1.35 1.17 1.3 1.1 0.8 0

H
max hysteresis as % of f.s.d  100%
Omax Omin

1.35
 100%  13.2
10.2  0
Ref: principle of measurement, John P. Bentley

2
3. A component manufacturer constructs certain resistance to be anywhere between 1.14kΩ
and 1.26kΩ and classifies them to be 1.2 kΩ.
a. State the tolerance value
b. If the resistance values are specified at 25oC and the resistors have a temperature
coefficient of +500 ppm/ oC, calculate the maximum resistance that one of these
components might have at 75oC.

Answer
error  1.14k  1.2k  0.06k
error  1.26k  1.2k  0.06k
 0.06k
 0.06k
tolerance  *100%  5%
1.2k
resistance change per o C
1.26k
500 ppm of R  * 500
1000000
 0.63 / o C
temperature increase
T  75 o C  25 o C
 50 o C
total resistance increase
R  0.63 / o C * 50 o C
 31.5
maximum resistance at 75 o C
R  R  1.26k  31.5
 1.2915k
Ref: Electronic instrumentation and measurement, David A, Bell

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4. A voltmeter having a sensitivity of 1000Ω/V reads 100V on its 150V scale when
connected across an unknown resistor in series with an ammeter. The ammeter reads
5mA. Calculate
a. Apparent resistance of the unknown resistor
b. Actual resistance of the unknown resistor
c. Error due to the loading effect of the voltmeter
Neglect the resistance of the ammeter.

Answer
V 100V
a. Rtotal    20k
I 5mA
b.
resistance of the voltmeter R vm  sensitivity * fsd
Rvm  1000 / V * 150V  150k
Runknown Rvm
Rtotal  Runknown // Rvm   20k
Runknown  Rvm
Rtotal Rvm 20k * 150k
Runknown    23.077 k
Rvm  Rtotal 150k  20k

c.
measured value  true value
percentage error  * 100
true value
20k  23.077 k
 *100
23.077 k
 13.33%

Ref: A course in electrical and electronic measurements and instrumentation, A.K.

Sawhney