Wednesday, 26th April, 2023 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.

EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREES OF

M.A. AND B.Sc.

Mathematics 1
An electronic calculator may be used provided that it is allowed under the School
of Mathematics and Statistics Calculator Policy. A copy of this policy has been
distributed to the class prior to the exam and is also available via the invigilator.

The final page of this exam contains a formula sheet with a table of derivatives
and integrals.

Candidates must attempt ALL of Section A and ALL of Section B.

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Section A Multiple Choice.

The answers to this multiple choice question MUST be entered in the provided
Quiz Response Form, together with your student number and name. You do not
have to justify your answers. Please use a BLACK BALL POINT PEN and
return the response form together with your script book. Attempt ALL questions
from this section. Each question has only ONE correct answer.

A1. Evaluate the limit

sin 2x
lim .
x→0 x
A) 0.
B) 1.
C) 2.
D) ∞.
E) None of the above. 3

A2. Find the absolute minimum of f (x) = (x3 − 1)2 on the interval [0, 1] and the
corresponding value of x for which this minimum is achieved.
A) x = 0, f (x) = 0.
B) x = 1, f (x) = 0.
C) x = 0, f (x) = 1.
D) x = 1, f (x) = 1.
E) None of the above. 3

A3. Calculate the volume of revolution obtained by revolving the area confined by the
curves y = sech(x), x = −1 and x = 1 around the x-axis:
A) 2π tanh(1).
B) π tanh(1).
C) π(tanh(1) + tanh(−1)).
D) π 2 tanh2 (1).
E) None of the above. 3

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A4. Select the value of the integral

Z 1
I= x2 dx
0

evaluated using the trapezium rule with four equally sized intervals:
A) I = 21/64.
B) I = 42/128.
C) I = 1/3.
D) I = 11/32.
E) None of the above. 3

A5. Evaluate the improper integral

Z 1
2x
dx.
0 x2 − 1

A) 1.
B) 0.
C) -1.
D) The integral diverges.
E) None of the above. 3

A6. Consider the curve defined by the parametric equations

x(t) = 2 sin(t) + cos(t), y(t) = tan(t).

Select the gradient of the tangent to the curve at t = 0:

A) 0.
1
B) 2
.
C) 1.
D) 2.
E) None of the above. 3

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A7. Consider the linear system in the form Ax = b, where

     
1 −1 −2 x
A= , b= , x= .
−2 2 4 y

Which one of the following statements is true:

A) The solution vector x spans a line in R2 .
B) The solution vector x is unique.
C) The solution vector x spans a plane in R2 .
D) The linear system Ax = b is inconsistent.
E) None of the above. 3

A8. Consider the second-order homogeneous differential equation for y(x) given by

d2 y dy
2
+ 6 + 2y = 0.
dx dx
Select the form of the general solution for y(x), where A and B are arbitrary
constants:
√ √
A) y(x) = e−3x (A cos( 7x) + B sin( 7x)).
√ √
B) y(x) = e3x (A cos( 7x) + B sin( 7x)).
√ √
C) y(x) = e−3x (Ae 7x
+ Be− 7x
).
√ √
D) y(x) = e3x (Ae 7x
+ Be− 7x
).
E) None of the above. 3

A9. Suppose G is a connected plane graph with 4 more edges than faces. How many
vertices does G have?
A) 2.
B) 3.
C) 4.
D) 5.
E) None of the above. 3

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A10. Compute the value of

∞  n
X 5
y= .
n=0
6

A) y = 4.
B) y = 5.
C) y = 6.
D) y = 7.
E) None of the above. 3

A11. Let n be a positive integer and r1 , r2 , r3 non-negative integers satisfying

r1 + r2 +
r3 = n. Which of the following is not equal to the multinomial coefficient
n
r1 ,r2 ,r3
?
A) The coefficient of xr1 y r2 z r3 in (x + y + z)n .
n!
B) The number .
r1 !r2 !r3 !
C) The number r2 ,rn3 ,r1 .

D) The number of unordered partitions of {1, . . . , n} into subsets S1 , S2 , S3 of

sizes r1 , r2 , r3 .
E) All of the above are equal to the multinomial coefficient r1 ,rn2 ,r3 .


3

A12. Let f : S → T be a function, where S and T are finite sets. Which of the following
statements is correct?
A) If f is surjective then |S| > |T |.
B) If |S| < |T | then f can be surjective.
C) If |S| = |T | then f is an injection.
D) If f is surjective then |S| > |T |.
E) None of the above. 3

A13. Let A and B be subsets of a set C satisfying |A| = r, |B| = s, |A ∪ B| = t and

|A − B| = u. Then which of the following hold?
A) u = r − s.
B) u = t − s.
C) u = s − t.
D) u = r + s − t.
E) None of the above. 3

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A14. Let R be an equivalence relation on a set S. Which statement is correct?

A) The equivalence classes of R form a partition of S.
B) R is not necessarily reflexive.
C) At least one of the equivalence classes is empty.
D) Each equivalence class has at least two elements.
E) None of the above. 3

A15. How many permutations of order 6 are there in S7 ?

A) 1365.
B) 105.
C) 840.
D) 420.
E) None of the above. 3

A16. The set N5 has:

A) The same cardinality as Q.
B) Finite cardinality.
C) The same cardinality as the powerset of Q.
D) The same cardinality as ∞ n
S
n=1 R .
E) None of the above. 3

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Section B
Attempt ALL questions from this section.

B1. Consider the function f (x) = sinh2 x.

(i) Compute f 0 (x) and f 00 (x). 3

(ii) Compute the first nonzero term of the Taylor expansion of f about x = 0. 3

(iii) Using your previous results, determine the first nonzero term of the Taylor
series of g(x) = xf (x) about x = 0. 3

B2. Consider the indefinite integral

5ex
Z
I= dx.
(ex + 2)(e2x + 1)

(i) Using the substitution u = ex , show that the integral can be written in the
form Z
5
I= du. 2
(u + 2)(u2 + 1)

(ii) By expanding in partial fractions, show that the integral can be written as
Z Z Z
1 1 1 2u
I= du + 2 2
du − 2
du. 4
(u + 2) (u + 1) 2 (u + 1)

(iii) Hence, compute the form of I and express back in terms of x. 3

B3. (i) Using integration by parts, or otherwise, show that

Z
ln x dx = x ln x − x + C,

where C is an integration constant. 2

Consider the linear first-order inhomogeneous differential equation

dy
x2 + 2xy = ln x,
dx
where x > 0.

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(ii) Using your answer to part (i), or otherwise, construct the general solution
y(x). Hint: you may find it helpful to construct an integrating factor. 4

(iii) Find the value of the constant C such that y(1) = 0. 2

B4. (i) Carefully state the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. 3

(ii) Find the roots of z 2 − (1 + i)z + i. 6

B5. Let S be a set with n elements. Let P(S) denote the set of all subsets of S.
(i) State the number of elements in P(S). 2

(ii) Consider the equivalence relation ∼ on P(S) given by

A ∼ B if and only if |A| = |B|.

(You do not have to show this is an equivalence relation.)

(a) How many equivalence classes are there? 2
(b) Assume |S| = n > 2 and let s1 , s2 ∈ S be two distinct elements. What is
the size of the equivalence class cl({s1 , s2 })? 3

B6. (i) Define the inverse of a bijection f : S → T. 3

(ii) Consider the permutation of 6 elements f = (12)(23)(34)(456).

(a) Express the permutation f as a product of disjoint cycles. 2
(b) Write down the inverse of f in the group S6 . 1
(c) What is the order of the element σ in S6 ? 2
(d) Write down every element in hf i (the subgroup of S6 generated by f ) as a
product of disjoint cycles. 2

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