THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

History

ANCIENT TIME
In Egypt and Mesopotamia
- diagnosis of illness are made through clinical observation of symptoms and malfunction
of the different organs.
- prediction of ailment is done through divination such as rituals and sacrifices.

In Greece, Hippocrates used scientific method for the diagnosis of disease by examination
of human body fluids.

- He described four humoral factors that were used to attribute to illness:

 yellow bile
 black bile
 Phlegm
 Blood

Galen(AD 131-201)
 - founder of experimental physiology. Together with humoral theories and Pythagorean
theory, he explained the physiological development of a disease.
- Diabetes as “diarrhea of urine”.

MEDIEVAL PERIOD
- Believed that disease is caused by punishment for sin or witchcraft or demonic
possession.
- Uroscopy (water casting) is practiced and urine was used for diagnostic aid.
- Interpretation of dreams are also used for diagnosis.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) invented the microscope. He observed

microorganism such as bacteria and protozoa. His invention led to the development of
microbiology and pathology.

John Hutchinson invented the spirometer.

Jules Herisson invented the sphygmomanometer.

Introduced the MT practice after Department of Health

World War II
First Clinical Laboratory in the
Philippines
Formally organized the Manila
Public Health
Training of high school graduates
to work as medical technician
Prepared the syllabus for the six
(6) months laboratory training
First Medical Technology School
First graduate of Philippine Union Dr. Jesse Umali
Public Health Laboratory
Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Mariano
Icasiano (1945)
Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta.
Ana (1947)
Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana (1954)
Philippine Union College and Manila
Sanitarium
 College
Organized PASMETH
Father and organized PAMET
First National PAMET convention
First PAMET President
Celebration of the Medical
Technology Profession
17th National PAMET President
Mr. Crisanto G. Almario
Mr. Crisanto G. Almario
September 15, 1964
Mr. Charlemagne Tamondong
Month of September
Rommel F. Saceda

DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES

 1896. The first clinical laboratory was opened at John Hopkins hospital by Dr. William
Osler and in University of Pennsylvania.
 1923. University of Minnesota was the first to offer a degree of Medical technology
course.

DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES

 World War 2. Because of an increased demand of blood, the “closed system” blood
collection was widely used. and the addition of new instruments and automated
equipments.

 Post World War 2 up to present. Rapid and continuing advancement in the field of
laboratory medicine.Test methodologies, techniques and machines are
introduced.Researchers are always conduct for improvement not only for rapid and early
diagnostic use, but effective therapeutic tools.

World War 2. The Medical Technology profession was introduced by the 26th Medical
Infantry US Army. The first clinical laboratory was established at Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz,
Manila (Public Health Laboratory)

At the end of World War 2. The laboratory was endorsed to the Department of Health.

1945. Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Mariano Icasiano re-organized the Public Health
laboratory.
1947. Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana Training of high school graduates to
work as medical technicians. No period of training was set and No certificates were given.
1954. Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana prepared syllabus for 6 months training for laboratory
technician with certification.

HISTORY OF PAMET
The Philippine Association of Medical Technologists (PAMET) is the national and only
official organization of registered medical technologists in the country.
September 15, 1963. Mr. Crisanto G. Almario established the organization at the Public
Health Laboratory in Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila.
Mr. Charlemagne Tamondong - first President of the organization.
Mr. Nardito Moraleta (2nd president)- approval of RA 5527.
Rommel F. Saceda (present president)
Aldrin Tumamao (Chapter President, Ilocos integrated)
DEFINING THE PRACTICE OF THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

WHAT IS SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY?

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
• KNOWING • DOING
• UNCHANGEABLE • CHANGING
• DISCOVERY • INVENTIONS
• THEORY DEVELOPMENT • SYNTHESIS OF DESIGN

“Medical technology is designed to improve the detection, diagnosis, treatment, and

monitoring of diseases. As such, it has linkages with many other disciplines for specific
diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.”Evans et al., 2003

NATURE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

➢ Examination and analysis of body fluids, tissues, and cells
➢ Presence of bacteria, parasites, and other
microorganisms
➢ Analysis of chemical contents of fluids
➢ Match blood for transfusions and test for drug levels
➢ Prepare specimens for examination
➢ Count cells and look for abnormal cells in the blood and
other body fluids

Defining the Practice of Other Laboratory Personnel

1. PATHOLOGIST
❑ Head of the clinical laboratory
❑ Monitor laboratory results
❑ Specially trained in methods of laboratory medicine
2. MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIANS
❑ Qualified to assist a Medical Technologist and/or a qualified pathologist.
❑ With a general rating of at least 70% in the Board Examination.

3. PHLEBOTOMIST
❑ An individual trained to draw blood.
❑ Venipuncture, Arterial Puncture, or Capillary puncture.
❑ A skill that is needed by other health care practitioners.

4. CYTOTECHNOLOGIST
❑ An individual who works with the pathologist to detect changes in body cells for early
diagnosis.
❑ Examines microscopic slides of body cells for abnormalities or anomalies in structures.

5. HISTOTECHNOLOGIST
❑ An individual who is responsible for the routine preparation, processing and staining of
biopsies and tissue specimens for microscopic examination by a pathologist.

6. NUCLEAR MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST

❑ An individual who prepare and administer radiopharmaceuticals, and use radiation
detection devices and other kinds of laboratory equipment that measure the quantity and
distribution of radionuclides deposited in the patient or in the patient’s specimen.

7. TOXICOLOGIST
❑ An individual who studies the effects of toxic substances on the physiological functions of
human beings, animals, and plants to develop data for use in consumer protection and
industrial safety programs.

THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUM

THE COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION (CHED)

❑ CHED covers institutions of higher education both public and private.
❑ Organize and appoint members of the technical panel for each program area.
❑ TCMTE (Technical Committee of Medical Technology Education)

THE BSMLS/BSMT PROGRAM

❑ 4-year program
❑ CHED Memorandum Order No. 13, series of 2017
❑ 1 unit of lecture is equivalent to one (1) hour of class meeting every Week.
❑ Most of the courses have prerequisites.
CLINICAL INTERNSHIP TRAINING

The intern is required to render 32 hours of duty per week not exceeding a total of
1,664 hours in one year. This is broken down per section as follows (CMO 13 s. 2017):

LICENSURE EXAMINATION

Why should we pass the examination?

❖ Republic Act 5527 a.k.a. The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969
❖ To identify graduates who possess the basic qualifications or the minimum conceptual
skills and technical competencies to perform the tasks with minimum errors.
❖ The Board of Medical Technology is composed of:
a.) 1 Duly licensed Pathologist
b.) 2 Registered Medical Technologist

An Overview of the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969

1. The courses included in the licensure examination and their corresponding weights are
as follows:
2. To pass the examination, an examinee must:
✓ receive a general weighted average of 75%
✓ have no rating below 50% in any major courses, and
✓ Pass in at least 60% of the courses computed according to their relative weights

3. If an examinee passed the examination and is 21 years old and above, he or she will be
issued a certificate of registration and a PRC card as a licensed medical technologist. If an
examinee is younger than 21 years old, he or she will register as a professional after his or
her 21st birthday.

4. If an examinee failed to pass the licensure examination three times, he or she needs to
enroll in a refresher course before retaking the examination.

5. If an examinee failed to pass the examination but garnered a general weighted average
of 70-74%, he or she may apply for certification as a medical laboratory technician.

Program Outcomes of the BSMT/BSMLS Degree

1. Demonstrate knowledge and technical skills needed to correctly perform laboratory

testing and ensure reliability of test results.

2. Be endowed with the professional attitude and values enabling them to work with their
colleagues and other members of the health care delivery system.

3. Demonstrate critical thinking and problem solving skills when confronted with situations,
problems, and conflicts in the practice of their profession.

4. Actively participate in self-directed life-long learning activities to be updated with the

current trends in the profession.

5. Actively participate in research and community-oriented activities.

6. Be endowed with leadership skills.

7. Demonstrate collaboration, teamwork, integrity, and respect when working in a

multicultural environment.

CAREER OPPOROUNITIES
A BSMT/BSMLS graduate can practice as a/an
1. Medical technologist/clinical laboratory scientist in a hospital-based or nonhospital based
clinical laboratory.
2. Histotechnologist
3. Researcher/research scientist
4. Member of the academe
5. Perfusionist
6. Molecular scientist
7. Diagnostic product specialist
8. Public health practitioner
9. Health care leader
A graduate may also practice in the following fields
1. Molecular biology
2. Public Health and Epidemiology
3. Veterinary Laboratory Science
4. Food and Industrial Microbiology
5. Veterinary Science
6. Forensic Science
7. Nuclear Medicine/Science
8. Health Facility Administration and Management
9. Quality Management