Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management and Gramothan, Jaipur

Department of Mechanical Engineering

8AG6-60.1: ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Lecture-12
Topic:- Role of Energy in Sustainable Development

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SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Lecture Outcomes
After studying this lecture, a student will be able to-
 Discuss the Role of energy for sustainable development.
 Discuss the different Energy sources.

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SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Contents
• Sustainability
• Role of energy
• Energy sources
• Use of sustainable energy

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SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Sustainability
Sustainable Development:
"Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs."
— from the World Commission on Environment
and Development’s (the Brundtland Commission) report Our
Common Future (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987).
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Sustainability
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Role of Energy
• Driver of Growth
• Critical infrastructure for development
• Prime mover of development

Transport
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Role of Energy
•Biogas for decentralized use - cooking and
electricity
•Small hydropower for local electricity
•Small wind power for water pumping and local
electricity
•Solar photovoltaics for local electricity
•Ethanol and biodiesel for agriculture and
transportation
•Large hydropower for grid electricity
•Geothermal energy for heat and grid electricity
•Large wind power for grid electricity
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Sources
Key to Sustainability:
Utilize primary energy resource at the same rate at which it is
naturally replenished on earth and without externalities.

Primary Energy: All we use comes from the sun.

SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Sources
Non Renewable
1. Fossil Fuels- 2. Nuclear Power-
1.Coal 1. Uranium
2.Gas 2. Plutonium
3.Oil 3. Thorium

Renewable
• Hydro Power • Bio Energy
• Small Hydro • Co-generation
• Wind Energy • Geo Thermal
• Solar Energy • Draught Animal Power
• Tidal Power • Energy from Waste
• Sea wave Power • Hydrogen Energy
• Ocean Thermal Power
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Statistics
About 2 billion people in the world have no
access to commercial energy and in India
about 400 million.
Other
Nuclear
Renewabl
Power
es
14% Oil
3%
7%

Hydro
Power Gas
17% Fossil 32%
coal
Fuels
61%
66%

Present Global Energy-Mix Fossil Fuels

 SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

How & What

Energy Dilemma:
1.Lack of focus on renewables
2.Population Explosion

Results:
1.Large scale energy deficit.
2.Fast depletion of Fossil fuels.
3.Serious environmental repercussions.
4.Higher cost Demand.
 SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Environment
• Climate Change
• Global Warming
• Ozone layer Depletion
• Rise in Sea Levels
• Changes in amount and
pattern of precipitation

• Extreme weather
• Glacier Retreats
• Biological Extinction IPAT Formula for Environmental Impact
• Health Hazards I=P x A x T
I= Environmental Impact
• Agriculture distortions P= Population Numbers
A= Affluence or Average Consumption
T= Impact per unit resource used
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Use
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Solar Energy
• Solar energy is the sun’s rays (solar
radiation) that reach the earth.
• Can be used to heat water and heat
spaces.
 SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Conversion to Solar Energy

• Photovoltaic (PV devices) or “solar cells” –
change sunlight directly into electricity.
• Solar Power Plants - indirectly generates
electricity when the heat from solar thermal
collectors is used to heat a fluid which
produces steam that is used to power a
generator.
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Wind Energy
• Air in motion caused by uneven heating
of the earth’s surface by the sun.
• Large atmospheric winds that circle the
earth are created because the land near
the earth's equator is heated more by
the sun than the land near the North and
South Poles.
 SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Wind Machines
• Two types of wind machines (turbines) used
today based on the direction of the rotating
shaft (axis)
‒ Horizontal-axis (most common)
‒ Vertical-axis
‒ Clusters of wind machines are called Wind Farms
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Hydropower Energy

Accounts for 6% of the total U.S electricity

generated and 71% of generated renewables.
 SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Geothermal Energy
• Heat from the earth
• Uses the steam and hot water produced inside
the earth to heat buildings or generate
electricity.
• Is a renewable energy source because the
water is replenished by rainfall and the heat is
continuously produced inside the earth.
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Uses of Geothermal Energy

• Direct Use and District Heating Systems
• Electricity Generation
• Geothermal Heat Pumps
 SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Hydrogen
• The development of fuel cells and hydrogen fuel
shows promise to store energy in considerable
quantities
- To produce clean, efficient electricity
• A hydrogen economy would provide a clean, safe,
and efficient energy system
• 2004: Hydrogen Village (H2V) launched in the
Greater Toronto Area

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SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Why & How?

Why Sustainable Energy:
1. Fixed Capacity of Earth.
2. Unsustainable life styles.
3. Millennium declaration of UN.

How Sustainable Energy:

1.Inter-generational equity.
2.Decoupling economic growth
from environmental degradation.
3.Integration of all pillars.
4.Preventing long term damages.
5.Education and Grass-root involvement.
6.Technological advancement.
7.Changes in life styles i.e. energy conservation.
8.Green energy.
SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

India : MNRE
What More:
1.Improve Policy environment.
2.Co-ordination with states.
3.Bankability of PPAs.
4.Selection Criteria for Developers.
5.Localization of equipment and
technology.
6.Monitoring Technology
developments.
7.Reviewing and adjusting incentives.
8.Managing Funding arrangements.
 SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Summary
• Sustainability.
• Role of energy
• Energy sources
• Use of sustainable energy

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SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

References
 Handbook for Implementation of Provisions of Energy
Conservation Act, 2001, Version 1, 2019,
https://beeindia.gov.in/sites/default/files/Enforcement%20
Manual.pdf
 P. Venkataseshaiah and K.V. Sharma, Energy
Management, Wiley
 WR Murphy and C McKay, Energy Management, Elsevier
 Internet Sources

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SKIT_Department of Mechanical Engineering Course: 8AG6-60.1- Energy Management

Be Happy
and
Continue Learning

Thank You

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