Chapter 5 – Cellular Respiration

 living things need energy

 energy such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is stored in food substances
 the process releases energy for cellular activities

What is cellular respiration ?

 the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting ( turn from one course
to another ) the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste
products carbon dioxide and water
 organisms that do not depend on oxygen degrade foodstuffs in a process called fermentation

There are two types of cellular respiration :

 aerobic respiration
 the main source of energy for living organisms that take in oxygen
 example :
- marathon runners use aerobic respiration as their source of energy for running
 the presence of oxygen
 certain conditions
- raw materials ( oxygen and glucose )
- mitochondria

 anaerobic respiration
 the absence of oxygen
 Ethanol fermentation
- occurs in yeast
- used to brew alcohol
 beer, wines, and hard liquor
- as an organic solvent and disinfectant
- a biofuel for cars
- renewable energy
 can be produced from plants ( corn and potato )
- carbon dioxide product
 to make bread rise
- word equation :

 Lactic acid fermentation

- found in our muscles
- word equation :
 certain conditions
- raw materials ( glucose )
 when there is insufficient or no oxygen
 certain organisms prefer anaerobic respiration to aerobic respiration
- baker’s yeast
- certain bacteria
 when more energy is needed than the body is able to produce by aerobic respiration
- sprinters use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration for running as this provides them with more
energy in a short period of time with their limited oxygen intake
 process by which sugar is broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen
Aerobic respiration is sufficient to power you across the finish line for leisurely running. It uses oxygen as its main
energy source and doesn’t result in a significant buildup of lactic acid.
High-intensity training force your body to produce instant energy through the immediate breakdown of glycogen
stores. It is harder for the heart and muscles to perform anaerobic respiration if they could perform aerobic
respiration.
Glycogen : a form of energy storage in the body

 carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is the main source of energy for cells.
 glucose then converts to glycogen

Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration :

Aerobic Anaerobic Anaerobic

( ethanol ) ( lactic acid )

Raw materials glucose as raw material

requires oxygen does not require oxygen

Products produces carbon dioxide does not produce carbon

dioxide

produces water produces ethanol produces lactic acid

produces energy produces energy

- more energy per unit of food - less energy per unit of food than aerobic
than anaerobic

Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration :

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Word equation

Products  glucose and oxygen  carbon dioxide and water

 raw materials for cellular  raw materials of
respiration photosynthesis

Energy  transformed into glucose during  released from glucose during

photosynthesis cellular respiration