CE – COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

WITH MANAGEMENT

DIGITAL POWER ELECTRONICS CONVERTER

EEP731

MINI PROJECT

DC-DC CONVERTER FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM

PREPARED BY

MUHAMMAD HAFISZAN BIN MOHD AKHIR

2023761495
Title:
DC - DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Battery Charging System

Objective:
To design and simulate a DC - DC Converter using MATLAB/Simulink to regulate the
charging voltage for an electric vehicle (EV) battery from a solar panel, considering specific
performance requirements.

Design a DC - DC Converter circuit to efficiently regulate the solar panel's variable output (18V
to 24V) to a stable 400VDC output for the EV battery.

Specifications:

Input and Output Voltage:1

Solar Panel Output: Varies from 18V to 24V due to changing sunlight conditions.

EV Battery: Requires a stable charging voltage of 400VDC.

Boost converter (Open Loop)

Parameter/Component Value

Input Voltage 20.08V

Switching Frequency 150KHz

Duty Cycle, D 0.95

Resistor, R 100 Ohm

Inductor, L 1.68uH

Capacitor, C 1.92uF

Output Voltage 400V

Susbsystem Circuit

Solar Parameter
Setting
Boost Converter (Close Loop) designed with PI Controller
Summary of this project.

In conclusion, the project "DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Battery Charging System"
aimed to design and simulate an efficient converter using MATLAB/Simulink to regulate the
charging voltage for an electric vehicle (EV) battery from a solar panel, while meeting specific
performance requirements.

The first objective involved the design of a DC-DC converter circuit capable of efficiently
regulating the variable output of the solar panel (ranging from 18V to 24V) to a stable 400VDC
output for the EV battery. Key parameters such as inductance, capacitance, switching
frequency, duty cycle, and control strategy were carefully determined to achieve optimal
performance.

The second objective focused on designing a control strategy, utilizing a PI controller for Pulse
Width Modulation (PWM), to regulate the output voltage and maintain it at the required
400VDC despite fluctuations in input voltages. This approach ensured a robust and responsive
control system.

The third objective involved modeling the DC-DC converter circuit in MATLAB/Simulink,
allowing for a comprehensive simulation. This simulation considered changing sunlight
conditions to observe the converter's performance, analyzing transient behavior, steady-state
operation, and efficiency under varying input voltage conditions.

The final stage of the project was a detailed analysis report that addressed efficiency, transient
response, and validation against the specified 400VDC output requirement. This
comprehensive evaluation provided insights into the converter's performance under real-world
conditions, validating its suitability for the intended application.

In summary, the project successfully demonstrated the design, simulation, and analysis of a
DC-DC converter for an electric vehicle battery charging system. The systematic approach to
parameter selection, control strategy implementation, and simulation allowed for a robust and
efficient design that meets the specified performance criteria. This project contributes to the
advancement of sustainable energy solutions by harnessing solar power for electric vehicle
charging in an effective and reliable manner.
The concept behind the expression "the lower the irradiance, the lower the input supply from
solar PV" is that solar irradiance, or the amount of solar energy per unit area, directly affects
a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel's power production. For a more detailed explanation, observe
the following:

a) Steady State Operation: The irradiation levels of the solar PV system are comparatively
constant when it is operating in steady state. The inverter and MPPT should be keeping the
solar panels working at their maximum power point (MPP) during this time, allowing the system
to run at or close to its maximum efficiency. The MPP, or most productive point for a solar
panel, is the point at which the product of current (I) and voltage (V) is maximum.

b) Transient Behavior: A solar PV system's transient behavior is how it reacts to quickly shifting
irradiance levels. For example, the output of the PV system will decrease when a cloud moves
in front of the sun, causing the irradiance to drop rapidly. The transient response
characteristics of the system define how well it can adapt to these sudden changes. In order
to maximize power output during such temporary activities, inverters and maximum power
point trackers (MPPT) are made to fast adapt to changing conditions.

c) Efficiency under Various Conditions of Input Voltage: The ratio of electrical power output to
solar power input determines a solar panel's efficiency. The efficiency of a solar panel can also
be impacted by the voltage at which it runs. The majority of solar panels have a voltage range
within which they perform best. The efficiency may drop if the voltage is excessively high or
low as a result of temperature variations or other circumstances. To ensure efficiency, the solar
inverter is essential. It transforms the solar panels' changeable direct current (DC) output into
an alternating current (AC) that is compatible with the grid. Because inverters can withstand a
wide range of input voltages, they will try to maintain the PV system's MPP operation under
different irradiance conditions.

d) Solar PV output and irradiance: Solar panels use light energy from the sun to create
electricity. Watts per square meter, or W/m², is the standard unit of measurement for
irradiance, which indicates the quantity of accessible light energy. More photons reach the
solar cells under high irradiance conditions, like on a bright, sunny day, and are transformed
into a greater flow of electrical current. On the other hand, less photons reach the solar cells
in low-irradiance conditions, such as early morning or late afternoon or on a cloudy day, which
lowers the electrical output.

In conclusion, a solar PV system will produce less power the lower the irradiation. To maximize
the performance and dependability of solar PV systems in a variety of environmental
situations, it is essential to comprehend and optimize transient behavior, steady-state
operation, and efficiency under various input voltage conditions.