Specific Objective

1. To develop one’s understanding about patterns;

2. To identify different patterns in nature and;
3. To recognize different symmetries in nature.
* Mathematical * Existence of
concepts are created patterns
by man.

“Questions are invented,answers are

discovered’
 Existence of Patterns
Example: Discovery of Fibonacci Sequence
-by Leonardo Bonacci or Leonardo of Pisa through the growth
of a rabbit population

Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Note: Each pair of rabbit can only give birth after its first month of
life.
 The mathematics in our world is rooted in .
Patterns are all around us. With patterns, we can discover
and understand new things; we learn to predict and
ultimately control the future for our own advantage.
ü A pattern is a structure, form, or design that is regular,
consistent, or recurring.
This occur when a group of shapes are repeated over and
over again. The sequence of shapes may have something in
common like their sizes, properties and characteristics.
EXAMPLE: Abstract reasoning test

___________________
1. Symmetry
In mathematics, if a figure can be folded or divided into two
with two halves which are the same, such figure is called a
symmetric figure.
Vitruvian Man

This image demonstrates the

blend of mathematics and
art during the Renaissance and
demonstrates Leonardo's deep
understanding of proportion.
a.Reflection symmetry, sometimes
called line symmetry or mirror
symmetry, captures symmetries
when the left half of a pattern is the
same as the right half.

b. Rotations, also known as

rotational symmetry, captures
symmetries when it still looks the
same after some rotation (of less
than one full turn).
c. Translations/Tessellations. Translational
symmetry exists in patterns that we see in nature
and in man-made objects. Translations acquire
symmetries when units are repeated and turn out
having identical figures, like the
bees’ honeycomb
2. Fractals
• A rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be
subdivided in parts, each of which is (at least
approximately) a reduced/size copy of the whole.
• A fractal is a never ending pattern that repeats itself at
different scales.
Fractals
3. Spiral
Spiral patterns are also common and noticeable among
plants and some animals. Spirals appear in many plants
such as pinecones, pineapples, and sunflowers.

• There is a definite pattern of clockwise and

counterclockwise arcs or spirals extending outward
from the center of the flower.
Number pattern is a pattern or sequence in a series of
numbers. This pattern established a common
relationship between all numbers.

Here are some types of Number Pattern

• Arithmetic Sequence
• Geometric Sequence
• Harmonic Sequence
• Fibonacci Numbers
Sequence
A is an ordered list of numbers,
called terms, that may have repeated values.
The arrangement of these terms is set by a
definite rule.
The constant number in an arithmetic sequence
is called the
To find the number of any term in an arithmetic
sequence we use the formula:
• ARITHMETIC SERIES

� or
�
�� = [�� + �� ] �� = [��� + (� − �)�]
� �

n= 10, �1 = 8, d= 5
�
�� = [��� + (� − �)�]
�
��
��� = [�(�) + (�� − �)�]
�
��� = � [�� + ��]
��� = ���
Arithmetic Mean
Given: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, ...
Find the arithmetic mean between the first term and the 7th
term .
Solution:

�1 + �7 3 + 15
Amean = = = 9
2 2
Geometric Mean
Given: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192,...
Find the geometric mean between 3 and 192
Solution:

Gmean = �� = (3)(192) = 576 = 24

 Sample: Find the arithmetic means between
the first term 9 and the eight term 58
Given: a1 = 9, a8 = 58
�� = �� + (� − �)� ]
�� = � + (� − �)� ]
�� = � + �� Since d is 7, therefore the
arithmetic means between
�� − � = �� 9 and 58 are; 16, 23, 30,
37, 44, 51
�� = ��
�= �
• HARMONIC SEQUENCE
In this sequence, the reciprocal of every term depicts an
arithmetic sequence/progression.

Example: Find the 12th term of the sequence 6,3,2

Solution: Their reciprocals are: 1/6, 1/3,1/2 which forms an Arithmethic

Sequence with a common difference of 1/6.

In Arithmetic the 12th term is:

�12 = �1 + (� − 1) �
1
�12 = + (12 − 1) (1/6)
6
12
�12 = = 2
6
Therefore,in harmonic sequence the 12th termis 1/2
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

Fibonacci Sequence Spirals in Nature - The

Golden Ratio_Trim.mp4

The magic of Fibonacci Numbers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjSH
V…
• FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
The Fibonacci sequence is formed by adding
the preceding two numbers, beginning with 1
and 1. Ratios of two Fibonacci numbers
approximate the Golden Ratio (1.618), which
is considered as the most aesthetically
pleasing proportion.
Fibonacci Numbers are:
1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,...

How de we find the value of the 15th term in a

Fibonacci Sequence?
Formula for computing the nth term in the Fibonacci Sequence,

∅� − (1−∅)�
�� =
5

Where:
Xn- stands for the Fibonacci number we’re looking for
n -stands for the position of the number in the Fibonacci sequence
Φ- stands for the value of the golden ratio
Let us try for example: What is the 5th Fibonacci number? By
using the formula we’ll get:

∅� − (1−∅)�
�� =
5
(1.618)5 − (1−1.618)5
�5 =
5

�5 = 4.99
�5 = 5
Find the 15th Fibonacci number?

(1.618)15 − (1−1.618)15
�15 =
5

�15 = 6 09.80

�15 = 6 10
How can we know if a given sequence is
arithmetic? geometric? harmonic? and
Fibonacci?

A sequence is arithmetic if
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