Immune system

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 Immune System ¤×ÍÃкº·èÕ·Ó˹ŒÒ·Õ軇ͧ¡Ñ¹äÁ‹ãˌàªé×ÍâäËÃ×ÍÊÔè§á»Å¡»ÅÍÁࢌÒÁÒ·ÓÍѹµÃÒÂ
µ‹ÍËҧ¡Ò ËÃ×ÍàÁ×èÍËÅشࢌÒÁÒáŌÇÃкºÀÙÁÔ¤ŒØÁ¡Ñ¹¡ç¨Ð¾ÂÒÂÒÁ¡Ó¨Ñ´ÍÍ¡ä»â´ÂàÃçÇ áÅÐÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾
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-µ‹ÍÁ¹éÓàËÅ×ͧ (໚¹·ÕèÍÂً¢Í§à«ÅŏàÁç´àÅ×Í´¢ÒÇ) ¤×Í Ë¹‹Ç·ËÒÃ
-·‹Í¹éÓàËÅ×ͧ ·ÕèÀÒÂ㹨Ð໚¹¹éÓàËÅ×ͧáÅÐà«ÅŏàÁç´àÅ×Í´¢ÒÇ àª×èÍÁµ‹ÍÃÐËNjҧµ‹ÍÁ¹éÓàËÅ×ͧ
´ŒÇ¡ѹàͧ áÅÐàª×èÍÁµ‹ÍࢌҡѺàʌ¹àÅ×Í´ (àʌ¹·Ò§à´Ô¹·Ñ¾¢Í§·ËÒÃ)
-ÁŒÒÁ 䢡Ãд١ µ‹ÍÁ·Í¹«ÔÅ Payer’s patch ·ÕèÍÂًµÒÁàÂ×èͺطҧà´Ô¹ÍÒËÒà ໚¹·ÕèµÑ駰ҹ·Ñ¾
¢Í§·ËÒà ÊÔè§á»Å¡»ÅÍÁµ‹Ò§æÃÇÁ·Ñ駨ØŪվ¡‹Íâä¨Ð¼‹Ò¹à¢ŒÒÊًµ‹ÍÁ¹éÓàËÅ×ͧ¨Ò¡µÓá˹‹§·ÕèࢌÒÊًËҧ¡ÒÂ
ࢌÒÊًµ‹ÍÁ¹éÓàËÅ×ͧ੾ÒзÕè áÅм‹Ò¹·Ò§àʌ¹àÅ×Í´áÅз‹Í¹éÓàËÅ×ͧ¡ÃШÒÂä»·ÑèÇËҧ¡ÒÂ

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ÃкºÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹áº‹§Í͡໚¹ 2 Ãкº 䴌ᡋ
-Innate immunity ¤×ÍÃкºÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹·ÕèµÔ´µÑÇÁÒᵋ¡Óà¹Ô´ ËÃ×ÍÁÕ¡ÒõͺʹͧẺäÁ‹¨Óà¾ÒÐ
(nonspecific defense)
-Acquired immunity ¤×ÍÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÀÒÂËÅѧ ËÃ×ÍÁÕ¡ÒõͺʹͧẺ¨Óà¾ÒÐ
(specific defense)

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 ¡ÒõͺʹͧẺäÁ‹¨Óà¾ÒÐ (nonspecific defense)
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-à¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡ÒúءÃØ¡áÅÐá¾Ã‹¡ÃШÒ¢ͧÊÔè§á»Å¡»ÅÍÁ
-ẋ§Í͡໚¹ 2 ÃдѺ
¡Åä¡¡Òû‡Í§¡Ñ¹´ŒÒ¹áá (first line of defense)

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¡Åä¡¡Òû‡Í§¡Ñ¹´ŒÒ¹Êͧ (second line of defense)

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¤Çº¤ØÁ¡ÒÃࢌÒÍÍ¡¢Í§ÊÒà ÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÌҧàÁ×Í¡áÅÐÁÕ«ÕàÅդʹѡ¨ÑºÊèÔ§á»Å¡»ÅÍÁáÅоѴÍÍ¡¹Í¡Ã‹Ò§¡ÒÂ
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-¡ÃÐà¾ÒÐÍÒËÒÃÁÕÊÀҾ໚¹¡Ã´áÅÐÁÕà͹ä«Áª‹Ç‹ÍÂáÅзÓÅÒ¨ØÅÔ¹·ÃՏºÒ§ª¹Ô´ä´Œ

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¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÿÒâ¡ä«â·«ÔÊ (phagocytosis)

Monocyte Neutrophil áÅÐ Macrophage ÍÇÑÂÇйéÓàËÅ×ͧ, µ‹ÍÁ¹éÓàËÅ×ͧ

Monocyte ¼ÔÇ˹ѧ, ÃкºÂ‹ÍÂÍÒËÒÃ,

Dendritic cell
Bone marrow ÃкºËÒÂã¨, ª‹Í§¤ÅÍ´

Lymphocyte Natural killer cell

Enz. Perforin

à¡Ô´ÃÙ à«Åŏà¹×éͧ͡, ÁÐàÃç§, äÇÃÑÊ

Enz. Granzyme

à«Åŏ·ÓÅÒµÑÇàͧ
(Apoptosis)
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 ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÀÒÇÐÍÑ¡àʺ (inflammation response) ÂѺÂÑ駡ÒÃá¾Ã‹¡ÃШÒ¢ͧàª×éÍâä
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»ÅÍÁ áÅÐà«Åŏ mast â´Âà«ÅŏàËŋҹÕé¨ÐËÅÑè§ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕµ‹Ò§æ ·Õè·Óãˌà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àʺ 䴌ᡋ
-à«Åŏ mast ËÅÑè§ histamine ·Óãˌàʌ¹àÅ×Í´¢ÂÒµÑÇ (vasodilate) áÅм¹Ñ§àʌ¹àÅ×ʹແ´ãˌà«ÅŏàÁç´
àÅ×Í´¢ÒÇ·Õè¶Ù¡¡Ãе،¹ÍÍ¡ÁÒ¨Ò¡àʌ¹àÅ×ʹࢌÒÊًµÓá˹‹§·ÕèÁÕ¨ØŪվÁÒ¡¢Öé¹
-prostaglandins ·Óãˌàʌ¹àÅ×Í´¢ÂÒµÑÇ à¡Ô´ä¢ŒáÅÐà¨çº»Ç´
-leukotrienes ÁդسÊÁºÑµÔ໚¹ chemotaxis ´Ö§´Ù´à«ÅŏàÁç´àÅ×Í´¢ÒÇãˌÁÒÂѧºÃÔàdz·ÕèÁÕÊÒùÕéÍÂً
***prostaglandins áÅÐ leukotrienes ÊÌҧ¨Ò¡à«ÅŏàÁç´àÅ×Í´¢ÒÇ áÅÐà«Åŏ·ÑèÇä»·Õè¶Ù¡¡Ãе،¹â´Â¨ØŪվ

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à¡èÕÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡Ñº¡Ò÷ӧҹ¢Í§à«ÅŏàÁç´àÅ×Í´¢ÒǪ¹Ô´ÅÔÁâ¿ä«µ 䴌ᡋ à«ÅŏºÕáÅÐà«Åŏ·Õ
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á͹µÔਹ¶Ù¡·ÓÅÒ´ŒÇÂÇÔ¸Õ¿Òâ¡ä«â·«ÔʪÔé¹Ê‹Ç¹·èÕ¶Ù¡·ÓÅÒ¨Ð仡Ãе،¹ãˌà«ÅŏºÕà¾ÔèÁ¨Ó¹Ç¹ ·Óãˌ¢ÂÒÂ
¢¹Ò´áÅÐà»ÅèÕ¹á»Å§ä»·Ó˹ŒÒ·èÕÊÌҧá͹µÔºÍ´Õ¨Óà¾Òе‹Íá͹µÔਹ àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò à«Åŏ¾ÅÒÊÁÒ (plasma cell)
à«Åŏ·Õè䴌¨Ò¡¡Ò÷Õèà«ÅŏºÕẋ§µÑǺҧà«Åŏ·Ó˹ŒÒ·èÕ¨´¨Ó ໚¹à«ÅŏàÁÁàÁÍÃÕ (memory cell) ¤×ͨ´¨Ó
á͹µÔਹ¹Ñé¹æ änj ¶ŒÒÁÕá͹µÔਹ¹éÕࢌÒÊًËҧ¡ÒÂÍÕ¡ à«ÅŏàÁÁàÁÍÃÕ¡ç¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃẋ§µÑÇÍ‹ҧÃÇ´àÃçÇ áÅÐà¨Ãԭ໚¹
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¡Ò÷ӧҹ¢Í§à«Åŏ·Õ

à«Åŏ·ÕÃѺÌÙá͹µÔਹᵋÅЪ¹Ô´ ઋ¹ à«Åŏ·ÕºÒ§µÑǨÐÃѺÃٌá͹µÔਹ·èÕ໚¹äÇÃÑʵѺÍÑ¡àʺ à«Åŏ·ÕºÒ§µÑǨÐÃѺÌÙ

á͹µÔਹ·Õè໚¹àª×éÍ䢌ËÇÑ´ãË­‹ ໚¹µŒ¹
à«Åŏ·ÕµÑÇáá·ÕèµÃǨ¨Ñºá͹µÔਹ àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò à«Åŏ·Õ¼ÙŒª‹Ç (helper T cell) ¨Ð·Ó˹ŒÒ·Õè¡Ãе،¹à«ÅŏºÕãˌÊÌҧ
á͹µÔºÍ´ÕÁÒµ‹ÍµŒÒ¹á͹µÔਹ ËÃ×Í¡Ãе،¹¡Ò÷ӧҹ¢Í§à«Åŏ·ÕÍè×¹ ઋ¹ à«Åŏ·Õ·Õè·ÓÅÒÂÊèÔ§á»Å¡»ÅÍÁ
(cytotoxic T cell) ËÃ×Íà«Åŏ·èÕÁÕÊèÔ§á»Å¡»ÅÍÁ ઋ¹ à«ÅŏÁÐàÃç§ à«Åŏ·èÕµÔ´àª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ à«Åŏ¨Ò¡ÍÇÑÂÇзÕèËҧ¡ÒÂ䴌
ÃѺ¡ÒûÅÙ¡¶‹Ò à«Åŏ·ÕºÒ§à«Åŏ·Ó˹ŒÒ·Õè¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Òõͺʹͧ·Ò§ÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò à«Åŏ·Õ¡´ÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹
(suspressor T cell) â´ÂÊÌҧÊÒÃ仡´¡Ò÷ӧҹ¢Í§à«ÅŏºÕËÃ×Íà«Åŏ·ÕÍ×è¹ æ
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-ÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹¡‹ÍàͧËÃ×Í¡Òá‹ÍÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹´ŒÇµ¹àͧ (Active Immunization)
àÁ×èÍËҧ¡Ò¶١¡Ãе،¹´ŒÇÂá͹µÔਹËÃ×ÍÊÔè§á»Å¡»ÅÍÁÀÒ¹͡Ëҧ¡ÒÂÍҨ໚¹àª×éÍâä ·Õè͋͹¡ÓÅѧáÅŒÇ äÁ‹
·ÓÍѹµÃÒ ¹ÓÁÒ©Õ´ ¡Ô¹ ËÃ×Í·Ò·Õè¼ÔÇ˹ѧ à¾è×Í¡Ãе،¹ãˌËҧ¡ÒÂÊÌҧÀÙÁÔ¤ŒØÁ¡Ñ¹ ËÃ×Í ÊÌҧá͹µÔºÍ´Õ ·Õè·Ó»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ
੾ÒСѺá͹µÔਹ¹Ñé¹ àª×éÍâä·Õè͋͹¡ÓÅѧáŌǹÓÁÒ¡Ãе،¹ãˌËҧ¡ÒÂÊÌҧá͹µÔºÍ´Õµ‹ÍµŒÒ¹àª×é͹Ñé¹æ àÃÕ¡NjÒ
ÇѤ«Õ¹ (vaccine)
-ÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹·ÕèÃѺÁÒ (Passive Immunuization)
໚¹¡ÒÃãˌá͹µÔºÍ´ÕᡋËҧ¡ÒÂâ´ÂµÃ§ â´Âá͹µÔºÍ´Õ¹Õé䴌¨Ò¡ÊѵǏÍè×¹æ 㪌ʌÒËÃѺÃÑ¡ÉÒ âäºÒ§ª¹Ô´·èÕ
áÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒÃÃعáçà©Õº¾Åѹ â´Â¡Òéմàª×éÍâä·èÕ͋͹¡ÓÅѧáŌÇࢌÒä»ã¹ÊѵǏ¾Ç¡ÁŒÒ ËÃ×Í¡Ãе‹Ò à¾×èÍãˌËҧ¡Ò¢ͧ
ÊѵǏ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÊÌҧá͹µÔºÍ´Õ¢Öé¹ÁÒµ‹ÍµŒÒ¹àª×éÍâä¹Ñé¹æ áŌǹÓàÅ×Í´¢Í§ÁŒÒËÃ×Í¡Ãе‹ÒÂ੾ÒÐʋǹ·Õè໚¹¹éÓãÊæ àÃÕ¡
Ç‹Ò «ÕÃÑÁ (serum) «è֧㹫ÕÃÑÁÁÕá͹µÔºÍ´ÕÍÂًÁÒ©Õ´ãˌ¡Ñº¼ŒÙ»†ÇÂ໚¹¡Ò÷ÓãˌËҧ¡ÒÂ䴌ÃѺÀÙÁÔ¤ŒØÁ¡Ñ¹â´ÂµÃ§ ÊÒÁÒö
»‡Í§¡Ñ¹âä䴌·Ñ¹·‹Ç§·Õ ઋ¹ «ÕÊÓËÃѺ¤ÍµÕº «ÕÃÑÁᡌ§Ù¾ÔÉ «ÕÃÑÁâä¡ÅÑǹéÓ ÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹·ÕèáÁ‹ãˌÅÙ¡â´Â¼‹Ò¹·Ò§Ã¡ ËÃ×Í
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References
http://www.curadio.chula.ac.th/Images/Class-Onair/sc/2011/sc-2012-01-19.pdf
http://www.sysp.ac.th/files/1605090995012717_17021010102710.pdf
https://administer.pi.ac.th/uploads/eresearcher/upload_doc/2016/academic/1469514734193148001647.pdf