MATH 241 EXERCISES 1

dy y2 + 1
Q1: Find the general solution of the differential equation = 2 .
dx x −1

dy x − 2y
Q2: Find the general solution of the differential equation = .
dx 3y − 4x

Q3: Find the general solution of the differential equation ty ′ + 2y = sin t, t > 0.

dy 2
Q4: Find the general solution of the differential equation y = e2x−3y .
dx
√ √
Q5: Find the general solution of the differential equation 2 xy ′ + y = 2xe− x .

Q6: Find the solution of the initial value problem xy 2 y ′ = x3 + y 3 , y(1) = 3.

5 6
Q7: Find the general solution of the differential equation 5xy ′ + y = (5x + 2)y.
x

′ 1 1 if 0≤t<1
Q8: Find the continuous solution of the initial value problem y − 2y = g(t), y(0) = − , where g(t) = .
2 e2t if 1≤t

Q9: Find the general solution of the differential equation xy ′ = e−3x y 2 − y + 3xe3x given that y1 (x) = e3x is a solution.

Q10: Find the general solution and a singular solution of the given differential equation y = xy ′ − 2(y ′ )2

x
Q11: Find the general solution of the differential equation y ′ = −2 + (hint: u = 2x + y)
sin(2x + y)

Q12: Find the general solution of the differential equation 2xy + (2y + x2 )y ′ = 0

xex − 2y
Q13: Find the general solution of the differential equation y′ = .
x

Q14: Find the general solution of the differential equation (y 5 − 2xy) dx + (3x2 + xy 4 ) dy = 0.

Q15: Use the existence-uniqueness theorem to determine (without solving the problem) an interval in which the solution of the
given initial value problem is certain to exist.

a) (t − 3)y ′ + ln(t + 2)y = 2t, y(1) = 2

b) (t − 3)y ′ + ln(t + 2)y = 2t, y(5) = 2

Q16: What does the existence-uniqueness theorem tell you about the existence and/or uniqueness of the following initial value
problem?

a) (3 − y)y ′ + t2 − 1 = 0, y(1) = 2

b) (3 − y)y ′ + t2 − 1 = 0, y(1) = 3

Q17: Find the general solution of the differential equation (x tan(y/x) + y) dx − xdy = 0, x > 0.

Q18: Find the solution of the initial value problem xdx + ye−2x dy = 0, y(0) = 1.

Q19: Find the solution of the initial value problem ex y ′ = 3 + 2ex y, y(0) = 4.
Q20: Find the solution of the initial value problem (2y 2 + 1 − xy) dy − y 2 dx = 0, y(2) = 1.

1
Q21: Find the general solution of the differential equation x2 y ′ = x2 y 2 + xy + 1 given that y1 (x) = − is a solution.
x

Q22: Find the general solution of the differential equation y ′ + 3y tan x = 6y 2/3 sec x.


 2 if 1≤t<3
Q23: Find the continuous solution of the initial value problem y ′ + p(t)y = 6, y(1) = 3, where p(t) = t .

 −
2
if 3≤t
t

Q24: Find the general solution of the differential equation (x + 2) sin y dx + x cos y dy = 0.
′
Q25: Find the general solution and a singular solution of the given differential equation 2y − 2xy ′ + ey = 0

Q26: Find the general solution of the differential equation y ′ + y ln y = yex (hint: u = ln y)

Q27: Find the general solution of the differential equation (1 + e−y )dx − xe−y dy = 0

x
Q28: Find the general solution of the differential equation (1 + ln(xy))dx + dy = 0, x > 0, y > 0
y

Q29: Find the solution of the initial value problem 2y ′ cos x − y 2 = 2 cos2 x − sin2 x, y(0) = 2 given that y1 (x) = sin x is a
solution of the differential equation.

2 cos y √
Q30: Find the general solution of the differential equation −y ′ sin y + = 4 cos y (hint: u = cos y)
x

Q31: Find the general solution of the differential equation 2x dx + (x2 − y) dy = 0.

Q32: Find the general solution of the differential equation y ′ = 1 + x2 − 2xy + y 2 given that y1 (x) = x is a solution.

Q33: Find the value of the constant k ∈ R for which the given equation is exact and then solve the equation.
(xy 2 + kx2 y) dx + (x + y)x2 dy = 0.

Q34: In the following equation determine the most general function N (x, y) such that the equation is exact
(x3 + xy 2 ) dx + N (x, y) dy = 0.

Answers
 
1 x−1 5 3y 1 y −t cos t + sin t + c 2
1. y = tan ln +c 2. − ln 1 + + ln 1 − = ln |x| + c 3. y = 4. e3y = 3e2x + 6c
2 x+1 4 x 4 x t2
 1/5 
2 √ −√x
−1/2
if 0 ≤ t < 1
√ x2
− x 3 1/3
5. y = x xe +ce 6. y = 3x ln |x| + 27x
3
7. y = 8. y =
3 1 + ce−5x e2t t − e−2 /2 − 1 if 1 ≤ t
x x2 x2
9. y = e3x + 10. y = cx − 2c2 , y = 11. − cos(2x + y) = + c 12. x2 y + y 2 + c = 0
1 −3x 8 2
c+ e
3
13. −x y + (x2 − 2x + 2)ex + c = 0 14. xy − x2 y −3 + c = 0 15a. There exists a unique solution defined on (−2, 3).
2

15b. There exists a unique solution defined on (3, ∞). 16a. There exists a r unique solution defined on an interval around
e2x 1
t = 1. 16b. E-U theorem gives no information. 17. sin(y/x) = cx 18. y = − xe2x + 19. y = 5e2x − e−x
2 
2

 2t + 1
1 1 if 1 ≤ t < 3
20. −xy + y + ln y + 1 = 0 21. y = − +
2 3
22. y = (2 sin x + c cos x) 23. y = t2
x cx − x ln x 

217
t2 − 6t if 3 ≤ t
81
ec ex −x
24. x2 ex sin y + c = 0 25. y = cx − , y = x ln(2x) − x 26. y = e 2 +ce 27. x + xe−y + c = 0 28. x ln(xy) + c = 0
2 
2 c 2 1
29. y = sin x + 30. cos y = x + 31. (x2 + 1 − y)ey + c = 0 32. y = x +
cos x − sin x x c−x
1 2 2
33. k = 3, x y + x3 y + c = 0 34. N (x, y) = x2 y + f (y)
2