1.

SYNOPSIS
ON
TITLE: THE PERCIVED IMAGE OF NURSING PROFESSION AND
INFLUENCING FACTORS AMONG B.Sc NURSING STUDENTS OF
KAMRUP (METRO), ASSAM

BY

ANKITA SARMA

M.Sc NURSING 1ST YEAR

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

---------------------------- ----------------------------

CO-GUIDE ‘S SIGNATURE GUIDE’S SIGNATURE

Ms.Ellora Das Ms.Gayatri Baishya

Assistant professor, Dept of Psychiatric Nursing Assistant Professor, Dept of OBG

CPMS College of Nursing CPMS College of Nursing,

Guwahati-26 Guwahati-26

1. INTRODUCTION
Nursing, a profession that recalls the name of Florence Nightingale is indeed one of the noblest professions in

the world. However availability of nursing professionals in this area is below accepted norms per population.

Nursing education is becoming more demanding each day. Future nurses have to consider theoretical, practical,
ethical and legal aspects of their careers especially in the area of rights of the patients. They also need to cater

their professional skills to the large number of needy. They have to enhance their skills in the practical activity,

complementing it with theoretical background and need to be updated in their knowledge in the era of

information technology. Individuals enter the profession with a strong perception of what it involves and how

they will practice; indeed nursing is not only a job but a career, profession and also service to mankind (Kiger,

1993; Raatikainen, 1997; Spouse, 2000). As professional perception has a great influence on the development of

nursing students, and the future quality of nursing, exploring factors that influence this perception are very

important. There are no studies available in India to know the contemporary generation’s attitude and

perceptions towards the nursing profession. Hence, the present study explored student nurses’ perception of

nursing and themselves as nurses and also explored their expectations of themselves as nurses and the nursing

profession. Nurses constitute the backbone of the healthcare system in all countries. Nursing is a critical factor

in determining the quality of care in hospitals and the nature of patient outcomes (Wunderlich, Sloan, & Davis,

1996). In Vietnam, the total number of nurses is about 141,494 working in all 1,304 medical settings, medical

institutes and Universities (Ministry of Health, 2015). They encompass the largest group of healthcare personnel

employed in the health sector (Ministry of Health, 2015). Unfortunately, a large number (about 70%) of

Vietnamese nurses possess only a secondary level nursing education so they work in hospitals and clinical

settings and focus on providing medical assistance (Jones, O’Toole, Hoa, Chau, & Muc, 2000; Ministry of

Health, 2015). In reality a nursing career is very demanding, with nurses suffering from a lot of pressure in their

working environment, dealing with symptoms related to patients’ illnesses and conditions; they experience low

job satisfaction. Although nursing plays an important role in maintaining people's health, nursing staff are not

well recognized by society to the extent that they deserve. Therefore, this has a certain impact on the value of

the nursing profession, the extent of love felt for the profession, and passion for study among nursing students.

Nursing provides skillful care for the sick in appropriate relationship with the patient, family, physician and

with others who have related responsibilities. Nursing is concerned with the prevention of illness and the

restoration of health. It is not concerned only with sick or disease oriented but it has holistic approach, which
involves physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual aspect. Skillful nursing care embraces total wellbeing

as the whole person, ANA (2012)defines nursing as the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and

abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human

response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations as per this definition

health continuum to be balanced as illnesses are prevented through preventive measures and promotion of

health activities to gain optimum of health.

2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY-

Nursing education is a challenge in a developing country like India. This cross sectional study assessed the

attitudes and perceptions of nursing professionals and their desired future practices. The study was conducted

using a modified version of Beliefs, Attitudes and Perceived Practice questionnaire among 129 students who

were undergoing undergraduate nursing programme at a selected college of nursing in Bangalore. Data was

analysed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Forty-four (34.1%) of the subjects agreed

that they were enrolled of their own interest; 43 (33.3%) of them reported that they enrolled in nursing out of

their own interest and also to improve their financial situations. Only 4 (3.1%) stated that they have to protect

the rights and dignity of the patients. 45 (34.9%) of the subjects indicated that the nursepatient relationship

should be both professional and a relation of sympathy. Upon graduation 69 (53.5%) of the subjects preferred to

pursue the nursing career, 36 (27.9%) in academics, 12 (9.30%) wanted to change the profession. Nearly 63

(48.8%) of the subjects agreed that social prejudice has a great influence on nursing students in choosing

nursing profession as their career. An urgent need is seen in the area of educating nursing students regarding

patient's rights. There is also a need to improve the image of nurses in the society to attract more number of

students into this noble profession. Counselling and introduction to nursing course should be introduced by all

the universities, to develop positive attitudes towards nursing profession.

There is a chronic shortage of nurses and high turnover rates . A research study found that most nurses

perceived continuous education and advanced training as important elements of their motivation, satisfaction
and retention in the hospital. The frustration, disappointment and regret among nurses due to increased

workload, low pay, and lack of financial incentives, recognition and appreciation unfortunately influenced their

work satisfaction and retention. Due to the effects of negative attitudes on nursing education, addressing the

issue is important in resolving the nursing shortage. Despite the growing number of educational institutions that

offer nursing programme, there is still an insufficient supply of nurses to meet the increasing demand for nurses

needed to provide patient care. Furthermore, the shortage of nurses can be associated with a shortage of nursing

students in schools. Nursing education is one area that received considerable investment in response to an

increase in the demand for nurses. As nursing educators for several years, the researchers have an emergent

concern over the decreasing number of students showing interest to join the nursing programme. Moreover, due

to the low interest in nursing as a career and shortage of nurses, researchers realized the need to conduct a study

that aims to further investigate the knowledge, attitude and intention towards nursing profession among pre-

clinical students of a selected nursing institute in Assam. Findings of this study will serve useful inputs in

improving awareness and increasing recruitment to the nursing profession.

3. NEED OF THE STUDY-

The shortage of nurses is not a recent phenomenon, nor one restricted to a specific geographical location It is

driven by the demand for growing healthcare needs. According to the World Health

Organization, it is estimated that 10.43 lakh nurses would be required by 2012 in the country. Taking into

account 3.72 lakh nurses available and 3.13 lakh nurse likely to be trained with the existing capacity, there

would be shortfall of 3.50 lakh nurses. India will need 2.4 million nurses by 2012 to achieve the government's

aim of a nurse-patient ratio of one nurse per 500 populations.”In India, nurse shortages occur at every level of

the healthcare system. "The states with the worst healthcare human resource shortages are also the ones with the

worst health indicators and highest infant and child mortality,"

 Nursing Colleges have to recruit and retain qualified applicants in order to confront the current challenge to nursing

resources, in order to reduce the current nursing shortage and ensure the delivery of quality health care but. The

number of students applying to degree nursing programs across the nation is decreasing.

One of the reasons could be the perceptions towards nursing profession. Therefore the researcher felt a need to

determine the perceptions of nursing students of selected nursing institutes towards nursing profession.

Attitudes, beliefs, and values are highly subjective areas, usually based upon perception and not fact.

Perceptions held by the public about the nursing profession greatly influence the personal and public image of

nursing. The perception of nurses being not as professional as the other professions, the role of gender in the

choice of a career is an extremely important concept, because men constitute nearly half of the potential

recruitment pool. Noticing a male nurse being ridiculed would deter boys to think of a nursing career. The

nursing profession in India lacks high professional status, has low and unattractive salaries, gets inadequate

recognition from the community for the services provided by them and has little incentives for quality

performance. It was important to know the perceptions of nursing students because they offer strategic clues

towards successful recruitment of the next generation of nurse.

A literature review shows previous studies that have identified nursing students’ attitudes and levels of

dissatisfaction with the profession; the majority are not interested in studying nursing (Kathreena, et.al, 2015;

Wajed, & Erik, 2017). Although a number of studies on students’ perceptions of nursing and factors influencing

it were reported in other countries, this is not so in Vietnam. Recent studies of nursing students’ perceptions of

nursing profession were also limited. According to a study from 2005-2007 on the attitudes of nursing students

towards the nursing profession at Hanoi Medical University (HMU), Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy

(Hue UMP), Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy (HCM UMP), the result showed that the

satisfaction levels within nursing was 50.7%; satisfaction with a nursing career was declining over years of

study, 61% in the first year, 62% in the second, 49% in the third and 32% in the fourth year (Phi, 2011).

Moreover, there are many students who select to study nursing because of influence from family, friends and
teachers. They do not aspire to engage in the learning process and have no interest in practice in the hospital.

Therefore, it is necessary to conduct this study in Vietnam at this time, especially at Hue UMP. It is expected

that the results of this study will provide not only information for nursing educators in order to raise the

awareness of the value of the nursing profession but also create a more interesting and motivating learning

process. Managers of the university need to investigate ways to improve students’ satisfaction and encourage

them to enter the nursing workforce after graduation.

Vijayalakshmi Poreddi , Ramachandra, Reddemma Konduru, Pratibha Swamy,Suresh Bada Math conducted one

study on to assess attitudes and perceptions of nursing profession among undergraduate nursing students. :

44(34.1%) of the subjects agreed that they enrolled in nursing out of their own interest. At the same time

43(33.3%) of them reported that they enrolled in nursing out of their own interest and also to improve their

financial situations. Only 4(3.1%) stated that they have to protect the rights and dignity of the patients.

45(34.9%) of the subjects indicated that the nurse patient relationship should be both professional and a relation

of sympathy. Upon graduation 69(53.5%) of the subjects prefer to pursue the nursing career, 36(27.9%) in

academics, 12(9.3%) wanted to change the profession. Nearly 63(48.8%) of the subjects agreed that social

prejudice has a great influence on nursing students in choosing nursing profession as their career. An urgent

need is seen in the area of educating nursing students regarding human rights and including patient rights. There is

also a need to improve the image of nurses in the society to attract many students into this noble profession. Pre

nursing counselling and introduction to nursing course should be introduced by all the universities, to develop

positive attitudes towards nursing profession.

4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM-

A study to assess the perceived image of nursing profession and

Influencing factors among b.sc nursing students of Kamrup (metro), Assam-A Descriptive study.

5. OBJECTIVES-

1. To assess the perceived image of nursing profession and influencing factors among B.Sc

Nursing student of Kamrup (Metro) Assam.

2. To identify the influencing factors / reasons for enrollment Nursing programme at selected nursing colleges

of KAMRUP (Metro), Assam.

3. To find out if association existed between perceived image of nursing profession and influencing factors

among nursing student of Kamrup (Metro), Assam.

4. To identifies correlation between perceived image of nursing students towards nursing profession and

influencing factors to enroll at KAMRUP (Metro), Assam.

6. OPERTAIONAL DEFINITION-

Perceive-to come to an opinion about something, or has a belief about something. It is the receipt of the

sensory stimuli by a person regarding objects, situation, person (s) or profession, interpretation of. The

perceived stimuli add to a person’s knowledge, whereby their views are turned into attitudes Perception is the

way in which something is regarded, understood, or interpreted.

In this study perceive is student’s personal ideas, views, beliefs and concepts that they have about the nursing

profession.

Image-the general impression that a person, organization, or product presents to the public.

A picture in your mind or an idea of how someone or something is.

In this study image means the mental picture of nursing student about nursing, what are the impression they

have regarding nursing.

Nursing-Nursing, as an integral part of the health care system, encompasses the promotion of health, prevention

of illness, and care of physically ill, mentally ill, and disabled people of all ages, in all health care and other

community settings. Within this broad spectrum of health care, the phenomena of particular concern to nurses

are individual, family, and group "responses to actual or potential health problems" (ANA, 1980, P.9)
4th year B.SC Nursing students-After passing 12thscience with Physics, Biology, Chemistry those students who

had taken admission to university for degree course of four years and studying in first, second, third and fourth

year in selected recognized colleges of Kamrup (Metro), Assam.

Influencing Factors: In this study, reasons or the influencing factors which forced or provoked the students to

choose and enroll in B.Sc. Nursing. The sum of beliefs, ideas, and impressions that people have of nurses and

nursing. With the dynamic and uncertain nature of the healthcare environment, nursing students must brace up

to face challenges as they develop themselves to become better graduate nurses and maintain a competent

practice to assess patients‟ physical, social and psychological health in a rapidly changing and challenging

environment. Such as work environment, work values, education and traditional social and cultural value

Nursing College-A nursing college is a type of educational institution, or part thereof, providing education and

training to become a fully qualified nurse. The nature of nursing education and nursing qualifications varies

considerably across the world.

7. ASSUMPTION-

The researcher assumes that the students will have a positive perceived image regarding nursing profession and

the factors influence their perception.

8. HYPOTHESIS-

(H0)-There is no significant relationship between perceived image and influencing factors among B.Sc nursing

students of Kamrup (Metro), Assam.

(H1): There is significant relationship between perceived image and selected B.Sc Nursing students.
(H2): There is significant correlation between perceived image and influencing factors among B.Sc nursing students of

Kamrup (Metro), Assam.

9. VARIABLES-

Research Variables.

Dependent Variables- in this study perceived image towards nursing profession among

B.Sc.Nursing 4th year students, who were enrolled in selected private nursing colleges in

Guwahati, Assam.

Independent variables-Influencing factors.

Demographic variables included Age, Gender, Religion and caste, Nationality,, Place of residence marital

status, Education, Percentage of marks in 12th PCBE or equivalent exam,

Socio-Economic status including Father’s occupation, Income of the family, and any financial aid for nursing

education by any agency.

10. DELIMITATIONS-

The study is delimited to 4TH year B.Sc Nursing students of Kamrup(Metro),Assam

11. REVIEW OF LITERATUIRE

1. Lay Wondwossenin May 2011 A quantitative descriptive study with a cross sectional study design was

used for assessment of nurse’s perception towards nursing profession in public hospitals under Addis Ababa

health bureau in Ethiopia. The sample size was determined by using a formula for estimating a single

population proportion. Sample size was 264. Data collection was carried out using structured questionnaire. The

analyses were verified using descriptive interpretation for demographic variables. Bi-variety analysis was done

to look at relationship between independent variables of Socio –demographic characteristics with the perception

of nursing. On this model of analysis, Asmara nurses were 4.5 more likely to have good perception than other

ethnic groups (COR=4.5, 95% CI1.16 – 17.35). Nurses who had bachelor and masters of nursing had 1.76 times

more likely to have good perception than nurses who had diploma educational level (COR=1.76, 95% CI 1.05 -

2.94). Nurses who had a monthly income above 2808ETB were 2.37 times more likely to have good perception

than other nurses who had a monthly income of less than 2808 ETB(COR=2.37, 95% CI1.12 – 5.04).

Professional Nurses at Gandi Memorial Hospital had slightly higher likelihood to have poor perception towards

nursing profession than other nurses who work in other hospitals. (COR=0.20, 95% CI 0.08 – 0.49). After

adjusting for all Socio – demographic characteristics, nurses who work in Gandi memorial hospital were also

slightly more likely to have poor perception than other nurses who work in other hospitals. (AOR=0.15, 95% CI

0.05 – 0.43) Regarding the. Sociodemographic characteristics and perception of important aspects of nursing.

Those nurses with

Bachelor and Master’s Degree were found to be 1.99 times more likely to perceive important aspects of nursing

than other group of nurses who had diploma qualification. (COR=1.99, 95% CI 1.06 – 3.74). After adjusting

more educated nurses, those who held first degree and second degree, had 2.59 times more likely to perceive

important aspects of nursing than diploma Nurses.

(AOR=2.59, 95% CI 1.12 – 5.97).

2. Huffstutle; 1998; A study was conducted in, on effects of nursing education on the image of nursing as

a profession in Israel. The samples consist of 200 first year nursing students and 200 more advanced students.

The result revealed that most of the students felt that nursing profession needs to undergo an image change,

while first year students perceived nurses as more angelic than more advanced students, and there was positive

correlation found between satisfaction with nurses in the field and image of nursing. Thus the study concluded

that there is a need to reinforce a positive image of nursing as a career, nurse educators should alter negative

stereotypes about the profession. The image of both nurses and nursing has been the focus of a number of

research projects globally.

3. Meharunnisa Iqbal Momin, Jagan Karade;2017;conducted one study on the perceptions towards

nursing profession among B.Sc nursing students enrolled in western Maharastra. The data has been analyzed

and presented in five sections.Section I: Deals with the chacteristics of the subjects:Out of 440 sample, the

majority of the students (N=216) nearly half of the respondents (49.09%) were in 20-21 years age group, one

third subjects (N=148) were (33-64%) in the age group of 18-19 years, and minimum (N=76) were (17.27%)

above 232years. Gender:

(N=293) about two third (66.59%) were females, and (N=147) one third (33.41%} were male. Religion: major

group nearly one third subjects 147 (33.42) were fromHindu-open caste, followed by Christians were 123

(27.95%), then scheduled caste were 98 (22.27%) and 54

(12.27%) were from other backward class. Muslims were very min18(4.095%).Nationality of subjects. There

were hardly two non-Indians-f-2 (00.45 %), they were Nigerians. Both had their relatives taking education in

other field at Maharashtra. Those two also wanted to tale admission in medical faculty but they could not get,

therefore they had taken admission to B.Sc.Nursing .otherwise all 438 subjects were Indians (99.55).
Place of residence among subjects More than half group (N=246were from urban area (55.91%), whereas

(N=194) subjects were from rural area. (44.99%), students residing in urban area were more as compare to rural.

(Fig.4). Marital Status: Among 440 subjects, most (N=39) of the subjects (9o.45%) were unmarried, (N=38)

were (8.64%) married Educational status:. Majority of the subjects (N=418) had passed 12 th science (94.99%) as

per criteria for admission to B.Sc. nursing programme, surprisingly, (N=22) had taken admission after

graduation. (0.5%).Percentage of marks in 12thScience-: Out of 440 samples total (N=111) about one fourth

subjects (25.28%) had scored 40-50% marks in PCBE, criteria for admission was 40% in PCBE of 12 th science

for Scheduled caste and OBC; whereas 45% minimum in PCBE for open category, There were (N=200)

subjects(45.45%) had scored more than 50-60%marks and hardly

(N=29)subjects had (29.32%) scored above 60% of marks. Occupation of Father/Guardian:

Maximum groups (N-169) occupation was either farmer or agriculture worker (38.40 %.) .Second major group

had private service (N=146) or own small business (33.18%), nearly one third (N=108) were in Government job

(24.54%) and few (N=13) were pensioners02.97%), and hardly (N=4) had no work./jobs or Unemployed

( 00.91%)Annual Income of family. As per our assumption, out of 440 subjects almost whole group (N =398)

were financially weaker (90.45%), their family income was less than Rs. two lac per annum. Nearly two third

(n=292) of subjects(

66.36%)were from very weak income group ,below one lac per annum, and above two lac income group were

(N=42) hardly (09.55%).(Fig.6). n which Christians (N=17 were (03.86%),Open Hindu (N=13) were

(2.95%),Scheduled caste (N=8/1.8%) and others were (N=4) hardly(0.90%),very negligible. Financial Aid: Out

of 440 subjects (N= 163) students had either applied or received educational scholarships (37.05%) others

(N=165) had applied for bank loan (37.27%) and about one fourth N=112) responded as neither scholarship nor

bank loan (25.68).

4. Vijayalakshmi Poreddi , Ramachandra, Reddemma Konduru, Pratibha Swamy,Suresh Bada Math

conducted one study on to assess attitudes and perceptions of nursing profession among undergraduate nursing

students. : 44(34.1%) of the subjects agreed that they enrolled in nursing out of their own interest. At the same
time 43(33.3%) of them reported that they enrolled in nursing out of their own interest and also to improve their

financial situations. Only 4(3.1%) stated that they have to protect the rights and dignity of the patients.

45(34.9%) of the subjects indicated that the nurse patient relationship should be both professional and a relation

of sympathy. Upon graduation 69(53.5%) of the subjects prefer to pursue the nursing career, 36(27.9%) in

academics, 12(9.3%) wanted to change the profession. Nearly 63(48.8%) of the subjects agreed that social

prejudice has a great influence on nursing students in choosing nursing profession as their career. An urgent

need is seen in the area of educating nursing students regarding human rights and including patient rights. There is

also a need to improve the image of nurses in the society to attract many students into this noble profession. Pre

nursing counselling and introduction to nursing course should be introduced by all the universities, to develop

positive attitudes towards nursing profession.

5. Ba Hai Mai ·Thi My Yen Ho .Thi Thu Thao Nguyen Le Thi Thanh Phan ·Thi Huong Hoang

·Nguyen Thi Anh Phuong;2018 conducted one study on Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Nursing Profession Among

Nursing Students at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. The quantitative results showed that the mean score of

nursing students’ attitudes toward nursing profession was 148.76 (SD = + 37.29). The average score on satisfaction for

nursing profession varies from 40 to 200. The qualitative findings show perceptions classified under 2 emergent themes:

1) A career that requires passion and professionalism 2) High-pressure and a boring career. These findings provide a

preliminary understanding of nursing students’ attitudes and perceptions toward the nursing profession. The study has

implications for both the nursing professors and university: Curricula have to emphasize ways of enhancing student’s

positive awareness of the contemporary roles and values of the profession to students. Collaborative studies with other

Universities and Colleges will assist in developing stimulus material and learning strategies that will enhance the value of

the role of nurses in contemporary Vietnamese health care.

6. Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Hue UMP), Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and

Pharmacy (HCM UMP); 2005-2007 conducted one study on the attitudes of nursing students towards the nursing

profession at Hanoi Medical University (HMU), the result showed that the satisfaction levels within nursing was

50.7%; satisfaction with a nursing career was declining over years of study, 61% in the first year, 62% in the second,

49% in the third and 32% in the fourth year (Phi, 2011). Moreover, there are many students who select to study
 nursing because of influence from family, friends and teachers. They do not aspire to engage in the learning process

and have no interest in practice in the hospital. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct this study in Vietnam at this time,

especially at Hue UMP. It is expected that the results of this study will provide not only information for nursing

educators in order to raise the awareness of the value of the nursing profession but also create a more interesting and

motivating learning process. Managers of the university need to investigate ways to improve students’ satisfaction and

encourage them to enter the nursing workforce after graduation.

7. Ibrahim ali tawfiq al jarrah assistant lecturer in al balqa applied university , aqaba college, nursing

department aqaba, jordan;2013 conducted one study on associate nursing students’ perceptions toward

nursing profession in Jordan. The study involved a randomly selected 100 students from both sites,68

questionnaires were analyzed by (SPSS)15. Descriptive Statistics were done using numbers, percentage,

arithmetic mean, standered deviation and one sample test. The study showed that the associate nursing

students generally have significance positive perceptions about the image of the nursing profession. The

highest percentage of study subjects joined the faculty of nursing because of financial reasons/ availability

of work. Majority of the students feel proud when talking with others about nursing profession. The

relationship with medical members and the family member opinion have the greatest effect in changing the

image of nursing profession. This study concluded that a majority of the respondents preferred teaching

institution and bedside nursing after the graduation.

8. Lai HL et al 2006 conducted a study in Taiwan and found that 65.4% of the nursing students would not

choose nursing as career after graduation. Attitude of junior nursing students toward their future profession

was alarming. Many of the students were not planning to practice nursing at beside nor did they consider

quality bedside care a priority for their career (Lisa M. Pugsly 2005). The students most frequently reported

choosing nursing because of the availability of career opportunities, jobs security, salary, and interest in

nursing. In their study, students identified pursuing further education as a career goal followed by ‘doing

one’s best in nursing (Sand-Jecklin K.et al 2006). Another study showed that students choose to study
 nursing because it offered work abroad and opportunities for further professional development (Williams

B.et al 1997).

9. Kathreena MU , Jaslyn Jane D’Silva , Jasmine Maria Lobo , Sonia Karen Liz Sequera;2015 conducted

one study on Study to Assess the Attitude towards Nursing Profession among the Nursing Students in the Selected

College at Mangalore. The result of the study findings shows

that 26 (43.33%) of nursing students had favorable attitude and 34 (56.67%) of them had moderately favorable attitude

had towards Nursing Profession. There is a significant association between age and the attitude of the nursing students

towards nursing profession (0.024). Nursing is one of the most delightful arts, which needs blending of knowledge,

skills and values. In India, the picture of Nursing Profession is changing day by, day, while Nursing Profession

still suffers a mild degree of so called stigma in certain states of the country. It is very essential that we must

target the upcoming young nurses. The present study was conducted to assess the attitude towards nursing

profession among the nursing students in a selected college at Mangalore. The findings of the study proved that

most of the nursing students have moderately favorable attitude towards Nursing Profession.

10. Hui-ChenTsena; 2013Nursing students' perceptions toward the nursing profession from clinical practicum in a

baccalaureate nursing program—a qualitative study. Thirty senior nursing students, aged 21–23 years (mean

21.12 ± 0.59), participated in the study. Prevailing categories from the individual interviews were classified

into three themes: in-depth recognition of nursing, recognition of the meaning and value of life, and decision

conflicts for being a nurse. In this study, nursing students' perceptions toward nursing profession were

categorized into three themes: in-depth recognition of nursing, recognition of the meaning and value of life,

and decision conflicts for being a nurse. This result indicated that nursing students can distinguish the

previous misconceptions and impressions of nursing, perceive the essence of nursing from real clinical

situations, recognize the significance of what they valued at present and the value of living, and so decide

whether or not to become a nurse. Clinical practicum is a simulation process for students to choose nursing

as a career. Experiencing clinical situations can assist students to develop positive attitudes and professional

values of nursing in order to establish the foundation for a future nursing career. As the results
 demonstrated, the experiences of clinical practicum, such as interactions with nurses, patients, patients'

family members, and healthcare professionals, would affect students' experiences and self-identity on

nursing. A curriculum related to preparation for facing death can help nursing students lessen the thought of

escape. Thus, it could reduce the anxiety and fear to care for terminal or dying patients, and confirm the

value of life. Previous experiences of caring for seriously ill patients will help prepare students to become

nurses in the future. The degree of family support may have an effect on their identification with nursing

and the motivation to learn, which may encourage or discourage them to take up a nursing career. A critical

link between theoretical knowledge, technical skills, clinical competencies, and situational knowledge is

determined by the student nurse's clinical experiences. Providing quality clinical experiences for nursing

students is vital to the development of commitment and competent professional nurses. These findings

would not only help nursing educators fully understand the educational effects of the clinical practicum, but

also provide recommendations for managers of medical organizations in their efforts to recruit and train

newly graduated nurses.

11. EmanMansoureFouda, WafaaFathi Sleem, Hind Abdulla Mohamed; 2016 conducted one study on

Nursing Image As a Profession and Self –Esteem Among Secondary School Students in Dakahlia

Governorate. Revealed a positive perception towards nursing image as a profession. According to nursing

students’ perceptions the most apparent factors that had positive influence on nursing image are parents'

opinion, relationship with medical staff in clinical training settings and teaching staff in the school of

nursing. They also mentioned that the greatest factors that had negative influence on nursing image are

public image of nursing and the media portrayal of nursing. Moreover, the majority of nursing students in

the three grades had low self-esteem. Conclusion: According to participants, there was no correlation

between selfesteem and image of nursing as a profession.

12. Reny Thomas 1(Principal, Swift Institute of Nursing, Rajpura, Patiala (Punjab), India)

;2018 conducted one study on to Assess the Attitude of Public toward Nursing in Selected

Community of District Patiala, Punjab.

Most of the people’s attitude towards nursing from the age group of 20-25 years (33) with mean value 93.06 and

SD value SD 9.02 followed by age group of 26-30 years (23) with mean value of 95.91 and SD value 8.88, age

group of 31-35 years (22) with mean value of 91.32 and SD value 9.35, age group of 36-40 years (22) with

mean value 94.73 and SD value 7.27. The value of was

1.204 which was not significant.

❖ Out of people (100) 55 were females having attitude towards nursing with mean value of 93.31 & SD

value 8.40 and 45 were males with mean value 94.18 & SD value 9.22. The value of F was 0.243 which was not

significant.

❖ Most of the people’s attitude towards nursing from Sikh religion (69) with the mean value of 93.68 &

SD value 9.12 and Hindu religion (31) with mean value of 93.74 and SD value 7.98.

The F value was 0.001 which was significant.

❖ Most of the people having attitude towards nursing were studied up to 10+2 (31) with mean value of

91.26 and SD value 8.57, matriculation (29) with mean value of 96.83 and SD 8.94, primary (19) with mean

value of 93.16 and SD 6.41, graduate (18) with mean value of 94.44 and SD value is 10.16 and illiterate (3)

people with mean value of 87.67 and SD value 3.79. The value was 2.022 which were not significant.

❖ Most of the people having attitude towards nursing were unemployed (61) with mean value 92.95 and

SD value 8.57, followed by agriculture (20) with mean value 95.20 and SD value 7.70 business (15) with mean

value 92.73 and SD value 19.95 and employed (4) with mean value 101.25 and SD value. The F value was 1.42

which was not significant.

❖ Majority of (87) having attitude towards nursing were not have any family member that belongs to

nursing profession with mean value of 93.06 and SD value 8.70 and rest 13 peoples were have a family member

that belongs to nursing profession with mean value of 98.00 and SD value 8.02. The value of F was 3.716

which were not significant

On the basis of the results of data analysis, the following conclusion was reached: The finding it can be

concluded that most of the people were age group of 20-25 years most of them were females and most of them
belongs to Sikh religion and had educational status up to 10+2 and most of the people are unemployed. Overall

attitude of people towards nursing was positive. No significant association was found between attitude score of

people and demographic variables but religion of people shows significant relationship.

13. Ashalata (2013) assessed the knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards nursing profession.

Among 183 students of Manipal College of Medical Science Pokhara Kaski District Nepal. The study revealed

that 98.4% of the students shown positive attitude. The statement on the scope of nursing is very broad and

highly demanded. Out of 183 students, 92.9% had negative attitude towards the statement on any one can be a

nurse easily.

14. Patida (2012) conducted a cross sectional survey in Punjab on future nurses perception towards

profession and carrier plans among a group of 530 nursing students (GNM, BSC, Post

Basic Nursing) in Punjab, India. The study revealed that 83.2% students were self motivated to join nursing,

99.1% students’ perceived nursing profession as on opportunity to serve humanity. This study concluded that

perception of nursing profession among nursing student is changing towards positive side.

15. Pugsley (2011) assessed the nurse attitude towards their profession on 45 junior nursing students. The

study revealed that 100% of students stated that the role of the bed side nurse was vitally important in this era of

health care and that they believe other profession recognizes the important of nursing and work they perform.

16. Lobo (2011) a descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of public towards

nursing profession in a selected hospital at Mangalore. The sample for the study comprised of 300 publics

selected from a hospital. Among the samples selected, 75% were male and 25% were female. Data was

collected using a questionnaire and attitude scale. The findings revealed that a significant association was found

between attitude, knowledge and the presence of nurse in the family and source of information.
17.Luchesi et al. (2009) a study was conducted in Ilala district, Dar Es Salaam, to assess the knowledge and

attitude of secondary high school students towards nursing profession, explore factors that promote aspiration to

enroll in nursing schools. The study was an exploratory cross sectional, using both qualitative and quantitative

methods and was conducted in Azania and Jangwani secondary school in Ilala district. Using convenience

sampling and multistage sampling, 50 male and 50 female students who opted for physic, chemistry and biology

were selected. The findings revealed that girls were more aware 79.2% about nursing as a profession compared

to boys 76.9%. Non awareness was mostly about nurses being capable of independent practice, making

decisions for themselves, working with high technology, following physician’s orders without questioning and

feeling good about what they do although students were aware of nursing they did not want to opt to join the

profession, due to the image they have of it from the public.

12. RESEARCH APPROACH- QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

APPROACH

13. RESEARCH DESIGN-

Descriptive research design

14. SETTING OF THE STUDY-.

The study will conduct in selected private nursing college of Guwahati, Assam.

15. POPULATION-

The target population was defined as students enrolled in private, unaided nursing colleges in Guwahati for a

B.Sc nursing program and currently studying in fourth year .

16. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE-

The method of sampling will be the convenience sampling method.

17. SAMPLE SIZE-

The sizes of selected sample will 80 nursing students.

18. SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL-

❖ DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL-

Tool for data collection Self Administered Questionnaire will be used for data collection.

It comprised three parts:

Part I: This part included questions related to sociodemographic variables.

Part II: Self structured 5 point rating scale will be used to assess perceived image related to nursing profession.

Part III: Self administered Questionnaire assess to Factors influencing the nursing image as a profession among

nursing students.

19. DESCRIPTION OF TOOL-

PART I: This part included questions related to sociodemographic variables of the study subjects such as

age,sex, nationality, marital status, the residence area, parents" level of education, parents' job, and the academic

year of the nursing students.

Part II: Nursing students' perception about the image of nursing as a profession:The aim of this part is to assess

the nursing students' perception of the image of nursing as a profession. It consisted of 31-items that were

categorized under four clusters, namely; nursing profession description (12items), social perspective (8items),

benefits of the nursing profession (4 items) and the different roles of the nurse in the health care setting (7

items).That were measured on a five point Likert scale: strongly agree= (5); agree = (4); uncertain= (3);
disagree= (2); strongly disagree= (1). Questionnaire was prepared in English as medium of the B.Sc .Nursing

programme is English.

Part III: Factors influencing the nursing image as a profession among nursing students: The aim of this part was

to detect the factors influencing the nursing image as perceived by nursing students by giving them self

administered questionnaire. It was classified into two domains. A higher score indicates higher perception about

factors influencing the nursing image.

20. PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION-

The researcher will go and take permission from the authority and find out the students who are willing to

participate in the study and then talk with them and explain about the study;by giving self structured

questionnaire regarding nursing and their perception related to nursing.

21. PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS-

The collected data will be planned and analyzed in the form of descriptive and inferential

statistics.

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