Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 1 Notes v7
LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 1 Notes v7
LQ Mississauga
Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7)
Topics
1 Parts of Speech 9 َطع
ِ َهم َز ُة ال َو َصلِ َو َهم َز ُة الق 17 The Relative Pronoun (ل
ُ ال َم ْو ُص ْو ) ِالا ْس ُم
2 Arabic Alphabets 10 Preposition (ج ٍّر َ رف ُ & ) َحGenitive case (
) 18 The Past Tense Verb (اضي ِ )ال ِف ْع ُل ال َم
3 Arabic Vowel Signs 11 Detached Pronoun (
) 19 Attached Pronoun (ل ٌ ) َض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص
4 Indefinite vs. Definite 12
20 َخ َب ٌر ُم َق َّد ٌم َو ُمب َت َد ٔا ٌ ُم َؤخَّ ٌر
5 This ( ) َه َذاvs. That ( َ) َذلِك 13 Gender Introduction 21 Plural (ج ْم ٌع
َ)
6 Solar vs. Lunar Letters 14 Substitute (ل
ٌ ) َب َد 22 Numbers () َٔاعدَا ٌد
1
Revision History
Dec. 17, 2012 2 Zahid Naeem Added some more pages for past tense verb
Feb. 2, 2013 3 Zahid Naeem Modified some pages for plurals
Mar. 21, 2013 4 Zahid Naeem Added some pages for irrational plurals
Apr. 25, 2013 5 Zahid Naeem Added some pages for diptotes
Nov. 3, 2013 6 Zahid Naeem Modified the slide for types of khabar
Sep. 10, 2014 7 Zahid Naeem Minor fixes for typos ()مذكر
There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah – اللَّ ِه ِِفي َس ِبيل
Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to lqmississauga@gmail.com
English Arabic
Noun
Pronoun
Adjective Noun اِ ْس ٌم
Adverb
Interjection
Verb Verb ِف ْع ٌل
Conjunction
Particle ف
ٌ َح ْر
Preposition
ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
28 Consonant Letters
14 14
This distinction is only for pronunciation of
words starting with these letters when
prefixed with ( الـthe definite article)
س
الشَّ ْم ُ ش اج ُر ت ال َّت ِ ال َف ُم ف الا َٔ ُب ٔا
الص ْد ُر َّ ص ث الثَّ ْو ُب ال َق َم ُر ق اب َالب ُ ب
فالض ْي ُ َّ ض د ال ِّد ْيكُ ال َك ْل ُب ك الج َّن ُة
َ ج
ال َّطالِ ُب ط ذ ال َّذ َه ُب ال َم ُاء م الح َما ُر ِ ح
ال َّظ ْه ُر ظ ر ال َّر ُج ُل ال َولَ ُد و الخ ْب ُز
ُ خ
اللَّ ْح ُم ل ز ال َّز ْه َر ُة اله َو ُاء َ ه ال َع ْي ُن ع
ال َّن ْج ُم ن الس َمكُ س َّ َالي ُد ي ال َغد َُاء غ
ُ َالْ ِك َت
اب َج ِد ْي ٌد
َخ َب ٌر ٌ ٔ ُم ْب َت َدا
َم ْرفُ ْو ٌع َالْ َق َل ُم َم ْك ُس ْو ٌر َم ْرفُ ْو ٌع
ن َِك َر ٌة َم ْع ِر َف ٌة
َه َذا َب ْي ٌت
As opposed to ِصل ْ َه ْم َز ُة الْ َو , َه ْم َز ُة الْ َق ْط ِعis always pronounced, regardless of its
position in the sentence
َه ْم َز ُة الْ َق ْط ِعis usually written with a ءsymbol on (or below) the Alif, as follows:
أ
إ
Examples:
( َٔا َح ٌدone) – قُ ْل ُه َو اللَّ ُه َٔا َح ٌد َق ْط ٌع
(Cutting,
( إِ ْذwhen) – ... ََوإِ ْذ َقا َل َر ُّبك Discontinuing,
Separating)
َٱلْ َح ْم ُد لِلَّ ِه َر ِّب ٱلْ َعالَ ِم ْي َن ٱل َّر ْح َم ِن ٱل َّر ِح ْي ِم َمالِ ِك َي ْو ِم ٱل ِّد ْي ِن
ٱلَّ ِذ َ
ين َٔانْ َع ْم َت َع َل ْي ِه ْم َغ ْي ِر ٱلْ َم ْغ ُض ْو ِب َع َل ْي ِه ْم َو َلا ٱ َّ
لضالِّ ْي َن
Solar letter Lunar letter َه ْم َز ُة الْ َو ْصلِ َه ْم َز ُة الْ َق ْط ِع
It is on a table
a table on It
َم ْك َت ٍب َع َلى ُه َو
اِ ْس ٌم َم ْج ُر ْو ٌر ف َج ٍّرُ َح ْر ٌ ُٔم ْب َت َدا
َخ َب ٌر،الج ْم َل ِة
ُ ِش ْب ُه،َجا ٌّر َو َم ْج ُر ْو ٌر
َّ ِٕ اis
Noun after ن
َم ْع ِر َف ٌة َم ْن ُص ْو ٌب always ب
ٌ َم ْن ُص ْو
ال َّطالِ ِب ُ ِك َت
اب ِ الْ ُم َد ِّر
س َم ْك َت َب إِ َّن
(of) the student book (of) the teacher table Verily
The student’s book Verily the teacher’s table
اف
َت ْن ِو ْي ٌن ُ cannot haveم َض ٌ بِل ٍ
َال ِك َت ٌ
اب
اف
ال ُ cannot haveم َض ٌ بِل ٍ
َال اب ِ
الك َت ُ
اف ِٕالَ ْي ِه
َم ْرفُ ْو ٌع ُ cannot beم َض ٌ بِلَا ٌل ِك َت ُ
اب
اف ِٕالَ ْي ِه
َم ْن ُص ْو ٌب ُ cannot beم َض ٌ بِلَا ًل ِك َت ُ
اب
بِل ٍ
َال ِك َت ُ
اب
(110:1) When comes the help of Allah … إِ َذا َج َاء ن َْص ُر الل ِه
(114: 1) Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind ِ قُ ْل َٔا ُعو ُذ بِ َر ِّب ال َّنا
س
(24:35) Allah is the light of the heavens and the
earth
ِ ات َوا ْلا َٔ ْر
ض ِ الس ٰم َو َّ َالل ُه نُو ُر
(7:73) This is the she camel of Allah َه ِذ ِه نَا َق ُة الل ِه
(48:29) Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ُم َح َّم ٌد َر ُس ْو ُل الل ِه
(6:127) For them is the home of safety َّ لَ ُه ْم َدا ُر
السلا َ ِم
(40:55 & 77) Therefore have patience (O
Muhammad). Lo (surely, certainly)! The promise اص ِب ْر إِ َّن َو ْع َد اللَّ ِه َح ٌّق
ْ َف
of Allah is true
Not all masculine nouns form a feminine counterpart in this way, e.g.
َج ِدي ٌد َه َذا َج ِدي ٌد يت ُ َالب
َخ َب ٌر ٌ ُٔم ْب َت َدا َخ َب ٌر ٌ ُٔم ْب َت َدا
(1:6) Guide us in the straight path. ﴾٦:اط الْ ُم ْس َت ِقي َم ﴿الفاتحة ِّ ا ْه ِدنَا
َ الص َر
َث ِق ْي ٌل الج ِدي ُد اب ِ َه َذا َث ِق ْي ٌل الج ِدي ُد اب ِ
الك َت ُ
َ الك َت ُ َ
َخ َب ٌر ُم ْب َت َد ٔا ٌ َب َد ٌل َو َمن ُع ٌ
وت نَ ْع ٌت َخ َب ٌر ُم ْب َت َد ٔا ٌ و َمن ُع ٌ
وت نَ ْع ٌت
Abbas is a merchant 6 The book is new 3
ِ َت
اج ٌر ال ُغ ْر َف ِة ِم َن َخ َر َج الَّ ِذي ال َّر ُج ُل
ِصلَّ ُة ال َم ْو ُص ْو ِل ِالا ْس ُم ال َم ْو ُص ْو ُل
The book, which is on the table, belongs to the teacher
ِ لِل ُم َد ِّر
س ال َمك َت ِب َع َلى الَّ ِذي اب ِ
ُ الك َت
ِصلَّ ُة ال َم ْو ُص ْو ِل ِالا ْس ُم ال َم ْو ُص ْو ُل
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7) 43
َعت asالَّ ِذي
ن ٌ
اج ٌر َت ِ ال ُغ ْر َف ِة ِم َن َخ َر َج الَّ ِذي ال َّر ُج ُل
َخ َب ٌر ِصلَّ ُة ال َم ْو ُص ْو ِل ِالا ْس ُم ال َم ْو ُص ْو ُل َون ٌ
َعت ُم ْب َت َدأ ٌ َو َم ْن ُع ٌ
وت
Almost all Arabic verbs can be traced back to a three letter verb. The
remaining few exceptions are traced to a four letter verb.
To understand their structure, the three letter verbs are defined on
the pattern of فعلas follows.
( ع َك ِل َم ٌة2
nd radical)
We’ve learnt before that the base form of the verb contains “he” or “it” ( ) ُه َوas the doer
ٌ ) َفا ِع, so َخ َر َجmeans “He left”. Within the base form, this َفا ِع ٌلis considered hidden () َمس َتتِ ٌر,
(ل
ٌ َفا ِع
i.e., there is no letter in the verb, which explicitly represents the ل
ٌ َف ِاع
In order to say “They (>2) left”, a waw is added at the end. This waw acts as the ل
ُ ِ( َٔالalif of
This alif is called ال ِو َقا َي ِة
ف
protection). It protects the وfrom
َخ َر ُجـ ْوا = و+ َخ َر َج They (>2) ُه ْم
being mistaken for the conjunction Notice the original تح ٌة
و َ َفchanged to a َض َّم ٌةonce waw
(and). It is written but not pronounced was added. This is done for phonetic convenience as
َخ َر ُج ْواis easier to pronounce than َخ َر َج ْوا
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7) 48
Conjugation of Past Tense Verb
In order to say “She left”, the base form of the verb is feminized by adding a ta of feminizing
ِ ِ) َت ُاء ال َّتان
(يث
ِ ِال َّتان
The يث َت ُاءis not a َف ِاع ٌل. Instead the
َف ِاع ٌلis considered hidden ( ) َمس َت ِت ٌرin this َخ َر َج ْت = ْت+ َخ َر َج She/It (f) ِه ًي
form and is implied as “She/It (f)” () ِهي
َ
In order to say “They (2, f) left”, an alif is added at the end of the feminized form
For the complete conjugation of past tense verb for all 14 pronouns, please see the next page
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7) 49
Conjugation of The Past Tense Verb
َفا ِع ٌل Suffix
َخ َر َج ُمس َت ِت ٌر ُه َو He
َخ َر َجاْ ْا ْا ُه َما )They (2
َخ َر ُج ْوا ْو ْوا ُه ْم )They (>2
َخ َر َج ْت ُمس َت ِت ٌر ْت ِه َي She
َخ َر َج َتاْ ْا َتاْ ُه َما )They (2
َخ َر ْج َن َن َن ُه َّن )They (>2
َخ َر ْج َت َت َت َٔانْ َت You
َخ َر ْج ُت َما تُ َما تُ َما َٔانْ ُت َما )You (2
َخ َر ْج ُت ْم تُ ْم تُ ْم َٔانْ ُت ْم )You (>2
َخ َر ْج ِت ِت ِت َٔانْ ِت You
َخ َر ْج ُت َما تُ َما تُ َما َٔانْ ُت َما )You (2
َخ َر ْج ُت َّن تُ َّن تُ َّن َٔانْ ُت َّن )You (>2
َخ َر ْج ُت ُت ُت َٔانَا I
َخ َر ْج َنا نَا نَا ن َْح ُن We
)LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7 50
Conjugation of The Past Tense Verb Examples
َفا ِع ٌل Suffix
ك َُر َم َس ِم َع َذ َه َب َخ َر َج ُمس َت ِت ٌر ُه َو He
ك َُر َماْ َس ِم َعاْ َذ َه َباْ َخ َر َجاْ ْا ْا ُه َما )They (2
ك َُر ُم ْوا َس ِم ُع ْوا َذ َه ُب ْوا َخ َر ُج ْوا ْو ْوا ُه ْم )They (>2
ك َُر َم ْت َس ِم َع ْت َذ َه َب ْت َخ َر َج ْت ُمس َت ِت ٌر ْت ِه َي She
ك َُر َم َتاْ َس ِم َع َتاْ َذ َه َب َتاْ َخ َر َج َتاْ ْا َتاْ ُه َما )They (2
ك َُر ْم َن َس ِم ْع َن َذ َه ْب َن َخ َر ْج َن َن َن ُه َّن )They (>2
ك َُر ْم َت َس ِم ْع َت َذ َه ْب َت َخ َر ْج َت َت َت َٔانْ َت You
ك َُر ْم ُت َما َس ِم ْع ُت َما َذ َه ْب ُت َما َخ َر ْج ُت َما تُ َما تُ َما َٔانْ ُت َما )You (2
ك َُر ْم ُت ْم َس ِم ْع ُت ْم َذ َه ْب ُت ْم َخ َر ْج ُت ْم تُ ْم تُ ْم َٔانْ ُت ْم )You (>2
ك َُر ْم ِت َس ِم ْع ِت َذ َه ْب ِت َخ َر ْج ِت ِت ِت َٔانْ ِت You
ك َُر ْم ُت َما َس ِم ْع ُت َما َذ َه ْب ُت َما َخ َر ْج ُت َما تُ َما تُ َما َٔانْ ُت َما )You (2
ك َُر ْم ُت َّن َس ِم ْع ُت َّن َذ َه ْب ُت َّن َخ َر ْج ُت َّن تُ َّن تُ َّن َٔانْ ُت َّن )You (>2
ك َُر ْم ُت َس ِم ْع ُت َذ َه ْب ُت َخ َر ْج ُت ُت ُت َٔانَا I
ك َُر ْم َنا َس ِم ْع َنا َذ َه ْب َنا َخ َر ْج َنا نَا نَا ن َْح ُن We
)LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7 51
ِ ) َض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت
Attached Pronoun (ص ٌل
ِ ُم َّت
An attached pronoun (ص ٌل ) َض ِم ْي ٌر, when attached to a noun, is
always اف إِلَ ْي ِه
ٌ ُم َضand the noun it is attached to is اف ٌ ُم َض
The attached pronoun in this case is always ج ُر ْو ٌر ْ َم
ِ ُم َّت
An attached pronoun (ص ٌل ) َض ِم ْي ٌر, when attached to a ف َج ٍّر
ُ َح ْر
(preposition), is always اِ ْس ٌم َم ْج ُر ْو ٌر
phrase) can never be ٌ ُٔم ْب َت َدا َر ُج ٌل يت ِ َالب ِفي
(subject), even though a ُم ْب َت َد ٔا ٌ ُم َؤخَّ ٌر َخ َب ٌر ُم َق َّد ٌم،الج ْم َل ِة
ُ ِش ْب ُه،َجا ٌّر َو َم ْج ُر ْو ٌر
sentence may begin with it.
َح ِدي َق ٌة سج ِد ِ ال َم َٔا َما َم
اف ِٕالَي ِه ُم ْب َت َد ٔا ٌ ُم َؤخَّ ٌر
ٌ َخ َب ٌر ُم َق َّد ٌم َم َض،الج ْم َل ِة
ُ ِش ْب ُه،ف
ٌ َظ ْر
Some nouns have multiple plural forms, e.g., َٔا ٌخhas two plural forms
1) إِخْ َو ٌةand 2) إِخْ َوا ُن
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7) 62
Patterns of Broken Plural
Plural
ٌ َه ُؤ َلا ِء ُم َد ِّر َس
ات These َه ُؤ َلا ِء َه ُؤ َلا ِء ُم َد ِّر ُسو َن
These are female teachers These are teachers
Singular Singular
تِلكَ َطالِ َب ٌة
That is a female student
That (f) َتِلك That ََذلِك َذلِكَ َطالِ ٌب
That is a student
Plural
These plurals are for rational beings. For irrational things, we will learn the rules later, insha Allah
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7) 65
نَ ْع ٌتfor اف إِلَ ْي ِه
ٌ اف َو ُم َض
ٌ ُم َض
Plural
Plural of irrational noun = Feminine Singular
(ir)
Where are the new teachers? They are in the class. Where is the new teacher? He is in the class.
ِالج ُد ُد؟ ُه ْم ِفي الف َْصل َ الج ِديدُ؟ ُه َو ِفي الف َْصلِ َٔا
ُ ين ال ُم َد ِّر ُسو َن َ س َ َٔا
ُ ين ال ُم َد ِّر َعا ِق ٌل
Plural Plural Plural Singular Singular Singular
Alif, Lam, Ra. These are the verses of the ِ ات ا ْل ِك َت
﴾١:اب الْ ُم ِبينِ ﴿يوسف ُ الر ۚ تِ ْلكَ ٓا َي
clear Book. (12:1)
Numbers ( َٔاعدَا ٌدsingular: ) َع َد ٌدin ُم َؤن ٌَّث ُم َزكَّ ٌر
Arabic are fully declinable nouns َو ِاح َد ٌة َو ِاح ٌد ١
The noun being counted with a
number is called َمعدُو ٌد
اِ ْث َن َت ِان اِ ْث َن ِان ٢
The rules for the َع َد ٌدand the
َثلَا َث ٌة ٌ َثل
َاث ٣
َمعدُو ٌدchange after every few َٔا ْر َب َع ٌة َٔا ْر َب ٌع ٤
numbers َخ ْم َس ٌة س
ٌ َخ ْم ٥
ِس َّت ٌة ِس ٌّت ٦
َس ْب َع ٌة َس ْب ٌع ٧
َث َمانِ َي ٌة َث َمانِ ْي ٨
تِ ْس َع ٌة تِ ْس ٌع ٩
َعشَ َر ٌة َع ْش ٌر ١٠
Numbers 1 - 2
Both 1 and 2 follow the noun as ُم َزكَّ ٌر َمعدُو ٌد ُم َؤن ٌَّث َمعدُو ٌد
َمعدُو ٌد َ and theع َد ٌد adjective, so the
َٔا ٌخ َو ِاح ٌد ُٔاخْ ٌت َو ِاح َد ٌة
follow all the rules of وت
َعت َو َمن ُع ٌ
.ن ٌ
َٔا َخ َو ِان اِ ْث َن ِان ُٔاخْ َت ِان اِ ْث َن َت ِان
Numbers 3 - 10 َثلَا َث ُة ٕاِخْ َو ٍة ات َاث َٔا َخ َو ٍ َثل ُ
( Number ) َع َد ٌد َٔا ْر َب َع ُة إِخْ َو ٍة ات َٔا ْر َب ُع َٔا َخ َو ٍ
َمعدُو ٌد • Comes before the َخ ْم َس ُة ٕاِخْ َو ٍة اتس َٔا َخ َو ٍ َخ ْم ُ
اف • Is
)ال ُ (hence no tanwin orم َض ٌ ِس َّت ُة إِخْ َو ٍة ات ِس ُّت َٔا َخ َو ٍ
) َمعدُو ٌد ( Noun being counted
َس ْب َع ُة إِخْ َو ٍة ات َس ْب ُع َٔا َخ َو ٍ
ٕاِلَي ِه • Is
اف
جرو ٌر ُ (henceم َض ٌ
) َم ُ َث َمانِ َي ُة ٕاِخْ َو ٍة ات َث َمانِ ْي َٔا َخ َو ٍ
َجم ٌع • Is
تِ ْس َع ُة إِخْ َو ٍة ات تِ ْس ُع َٔا َخ َو ٍ
َ isمعدُو ٌد َ andع َد ٌد The gender of
َعشَ َر ُة إِخْ َو ٍة ات َع ْش ُر َٔا َخ َو ٍ
opposite
doors three it has big school it the masjid from near it my school this
َثلَا َث ُة َٔاب َو ٍ
اب لَ َها ِه َي َمد َر َس ٌة َك ِب َير ٌة ِه َي َقر َِيب ٌة ِم َن ال َم ِ
سج ِد َه ِذ ِه َمد َر َس ِتي
spacious class it and our class this many classes the school in now open it’s doors
َو ُه َو َفص ٌل َو ِاس ٌع َه َذا َفصلُ َنا ِفي ال َمد َر َس ِة فُ ُصو ٌل َك ِث َير ٌة وح ٌة َالا ٓ َن
َٔاب َوا ُب َها َمف ُت َ
ُمب َت َد ٔا ٌ اف
ُم َض ٌ ُمب َت َد ٔا ٌ َعت
ن ٌ َظ ٌ
رف اف
ُمب َت َد ٔا ٌ ُم َض ٌ
َعت
ن ٌ جرو ٌر ، َجا ٌّر َو َم ُ
إِلَي ِه ُمب َت َد ٔا ٌ ُم َؤخَّ ٌر و ُهو إِلَي ِه
َخ َب ٌر َو ُه َو الجم َل ِة، ِشب ُه ُ َ َ
َخ َب ٌر رف
َح ُ َخ َب ٌر اف
ُم َض ٌ
اف
ُم َض ٌ َخ َب ٌر ُم َق َّد ٌم
َع ٍ
طف
1 No tanwîn Tanwîn
َذ َه ْب ُت إِلَى إِ َبرا ِهي َم َذ َه ْب ُت ٕاِلَى ُم َح َّم ٍد
I went to Ibrahim I went to Muhammad
2 Majrûr case is represented with fathah Majrûr case is represented with kasrah
There are exceptions to this rule, which we will learn later, insha Allah
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7) 75
ِ الص
The Diptote – رف َّ َال َمم ُنو ُع ِم َن
Following groups of nouns are diptotes
# Group Examples
1 Feminine proper nouns َج َه ُّن ُم، َم َّك ُة،يج ُة َ َخ ِد،َزي َن ُب
2 Masculine proper nouns ending with ta marbûtah ( ) ة َخ ِلي َف ُة، ُٔا َسا َم ُة، َط َل َح ُة،َُحم َزة
3 Masculine proper nouns ending in ا ُن ُعث َما ُن،ُ َم َروان،ُ َر َم َضان،ُُس ْف َيان
4 Adjectives on the pattern of َف ْعلَا ُن َعطشَ ا ُن،ُضبان َ َغ،ُ َملآن،ُكَسلَان
5 Masculine proper nouns on the pattern of َٔا ْف َع ُل َٔاص َغ ُر، َٔان َو ُر،كب ُر
َ َٔا،َُٔاح َمد
6 Adjectives on the pattern of َٔا ْف َع ُل َ َٔا، َٔاس َو ُد،ض
خض ُر ُ َٔا َبي،َٔاح َم ُر
7 Non-Arabic proper nouns َبا ِكس َتا ُن، َبغدَا ُد، و َِلي ُم،إِ َبرا ِهي ُم
8 Broken plurals on the following pattern:
a. ُ َٔا ْف ِعل
َاء َٔاولِ َي ُاء، َٔا ْق ِو َي ُاء، َٔا ْغنِ َي ُاء،َٔا ْص ِد َق ُاء
ُ فُ َعل
b. َاء ُو َز َر ُاء، فُق ََر ُاء،َاء ُ ُز َمل
c. لُ َمفَا ِع َحدَائِ ُق، َف َوا ِك ُه، َم َكاتِ ُب،ِس ُ َمدَار،ُاجد ِ َم َس
d. ل ِ َمف
ُ َاعي ِ َف َن،يح
اجي ُن ُ ِ َمفَات،َم َنا ِدي ُل
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7) 76
ِ الص
References from the Holy Qur’an for رف َّ ال َم ْم ُنو ُع َم َن
And [mention] when Abraham was raising
the foundations of the House and [with him]
َوإِ ْذ َي ْر َف ُع إِ ْب َرا ِهي ُم الْ َق َوا ِع َد ِم َن الْ َب ْي ِت َوإِ ْس َما ِعي ُل َر َّب َنا َت َق َّب ْل
Ishmael, [saying], "Our Lord, accept [this] ﴾١٢٧:الس ِمي ُع الْ َع ِلي ُم ﴿البقرة َّ نت َ ِم َّنا ۖ إِنَّكَ َٔا
from us. Indeed You are the Hearing, the
Knowing. (2:127)
This is Hell, which the criminals deny. (55:43) ﴾٤٣:َهـٰ ِذ ِه َج َه َّن ُم الَّ ِتي ُي َك ِّذ ُب بِ َها الْ ُم ْج ِر ُمو َن ﴿الرحمن
And will drive the criminals to Hell in thirst
(19:86)
َ َون َُسو ُق الْ ُم ْجر ِِم
﴾٨٦:ين إِ َلى ٰ َج َه َّن َم ِو ْر ًدا ﴿مريم
1 2 3
One word فر ٌد
َ ُم A phrase ِشب ُه ُجم َل ٍة A sentence جم َل ٌة
ُ
1 2a 2b 3a 3b
ُم َفر ٌد ِشب ُه ُجم َل ٍة،جرو ٌر
ُ َجا ٌر َو َم ِشب ُه ُجم َل ٍة،رف
ٌ َظ ُجم َل ٌة ٱس ِم َّي ٌة ُجم َل ٌة ِف ْعلِـ َّيـ ٌة
One word Prepositional Phrase Adverbial Phrase Nominal Sentence Verbal Sentence
.اب َج ِدي ٌد ِ
ُ الك َت .اب َعلَى ال َمك َت ِب ِ
ُ الك َت .حت ال َمك َت ِب
َ اب َت ِ
ُ الك َت ٌ َِح ِام ٌد أَ ُخو ُه َطب
.يب . ِبِلَا ٌل َخ َر َج ِم َن الفَصل
.ُم َح َّم ٌد َطالِ ٌب .ِٕالا َما ُم ِفي ال َم ْس ِج ِد ِ الس َّيا َر ُة َٔا َما َم َالب
.يت َّ .َف ِاط َم ُة ِعن َد َها َس َّيا َر ٌة .ا ِٓم َنـ ُة َذ َه َب ْت إِلَى ال َمد َر َس ِة
ُ ال ُق ْر ٓا ُن ِك َت
.اب الل ِه .الح ْم ُد لِل ِه
َ .س ِعن َد ال ُم ِدي ِر
ُ ال ُم َد ِّر . َز ْي َن ُب لَ َها ِط ْف ٌل َص ِغي ٌر.رس ِّي َ ََح ِام ٌد َجل
ِ س علَى ال ُك
A ( ِشب ُه ُجم َل ٍةphrase) is either جرو ٌر ُ ( َجا ٌر َو َمprepositional phrase) or رف ٌ ( َظadverbial phrase)
َخ َب ٌرis always َمرفُو ٌع In a nominal sentence, a جم َل ٍة ُ ِشب ُهwill always be a َخ َب ٌر, even though the sentence may begin with it.
َخ َب ٌرcan be indefinite For example: 1) .ل ِ فِي َالب
ٌ يت َر ُج 2) .ح ِدي َق ٌة
َ يتِ َٔا َما َم َالب
or definite, but The term جم َل ٍة ُ ِشب ُهis applied only when it comes as a َخ َب ٌرin a nominal sentence.
If this kind of phrase comes in a verbal sentence, it is NOT called جم َل ٍة
mostly it is indefinite.
ُ ِشب ُه. It is only called جرو ٌر ٌ َظ.
ُ َجا ٌر َو َمor رف
For example: 1) .سج ِدِ َذ َه َب بِلَا ٌل إِلَى ال َم 2) .ج َر ِة
َ َّحت الش َ س ال َولَ ُد َتَ َج َل
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 7) 78