BEE –8

PROJECT MANAGEMENT LECTURE: 06

11, March, 2024
 WBS Recap Project Manager/CEO

Civil
Engineer/Manager
• Its major function is to break Project Constuction of
House

down "Work" in a "Structured"

manner. Hence the name: Deliverable Bu i lding Finishes

Work Breakdown Structure.

Work Package Foundation Walls Roof Paints
Doors &
Windows Lighting

• Its purpose is to breakdown Activity Excavation Concrete

work in small manageable Task Demarcation Digging

Dumping

chunks/pieces, which can be excavated soil

assigned to people & then be

accounted for performance
Supervisor/Team Associate
• Likewise, it also facilitates Worker level Lead Engineer/Assistant
assignment of other resources, Manager/Line
like money, machinery, tools & Manager
equipment etc.

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 Another Example of WBS
Dress for
Project Party

Deliverable Tailored suit Embroidery

Work Package Cutting Stitching Tracing Framing Needling

Print
Activity Sewing Overlocking Buttoning Design
Transfer

Button
Task Button hole
Stitching
Inking Imprinting

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 Project Decomposition
Project
Deliverable

Work Work Deliverable Deliverable

Package Package

Deliverable Deliverable

Work Package Activity Deliverable

Activity Activity
Task Task

Activity
Also called Scope of the
Project
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WBS
Coding
It is a coding system of each
element of the WBS,
defining its position in the
hierarchy

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 WBS Coding
WBS Item
Code
1 Project
1.1 Deliverable No 1
1.1.1 Work Package 1
1.1.2 Work Package 2
1.2 Deliverable No 2
1.2.1 Work Package A
1.2.2 Work Package B

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 • In complex projects, it allows to enlist all the elements of the
WBS
WBS Coding • It also allows the freedom to add different information
pertaining to each WBS element
• A comprehensive document, enlisting the details of each
element of WBS is known as a WBS Dictionary. However, it is
prepared after a complete Project Plan has been developed

WBS Code WBS Element Assigned to Budget

1 Project Farhan Tauqeer (PM) 100
1.1 Deliverable No 1 Hasan Ibad (Manager) 55
1.1.1 Work Package 1 Anum Ehtisham (Asst. Mngr) 30
1.1.2 Work Package 2 Anum Ehtisham (Asst. Mngr) 25
1.2 Deliverable No 2 Gauher Ali (Manager) 45
1.2.1 Work Package A Asad Zahoor (Asst.Mngr) 30
1.2.2 Work Package B Asad Zahoor (Asst.Mngr) 15

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 Project Scheduling
• So far, the WBS has been able to
• Identify & divide work of the project
• Identify & assign a logical relationship among each element of
WBS
• Assign & estimate resources for each element
• Assign & estimate Risks to each element

BUT
It does not tell us:
• How the works are going to proceed on the project?
• Some works can start simultaneously or at the same time
• Some works have to wait
• So, it cannot tell us the total time a Project might take to
complete. Therefore, we need a proper schedule to develop a
project's timeline
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 • There are two types for Project Scheduling Methods
Project Schedule 1. Critical Path Method (CPM)
2. Project Evaluation & Review Technique (PERT)

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 Critical Path Method
• It is a simpler scheduling technique which is
defined as:
“The Critical Path Method is the sequence of scheduled
activities that determines the duration of the project.”
(PMBOK 5th Edition)

• However, before understanding this definition,

you need to:
• Learn the Bar Chart (Gantt Chart) & Precedence
Diagram Method (PDM) representations
• Learn the Dependencies & Relationships of tasks,
activities and work packages etc.
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Gantt Chart (Simple)

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Gantt Chart with WBS Levels

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 Dependencies

• Dependencies are logical sequences

between activities or tasks.
• Two types
• Predecessor: Meaning
"before". It controls the start or
finish of other activity
• Successor: Means "afterwards".
It's start or finish is controlled
by a predecessor activity.
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 Relationships

• Dependent tasks are logically

interrelated.
• These relationships are of
four types
• Finish to Start
• Start to Start
• Finish to Finish
• Start to Finish

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 Examples of Relationships
• Finish to Start
• Most simple and common e.g. you cannot construct the roof of the house before
the walls are finished. So Walls to Roof relationship is Finish to Start.
• Start to Start
• Cement mixing for mortar starts when brick laying starts on a building. So brick
laying activity starts the activity of cement mortar mixing
• Start to Finish
• A new website cannot be launched before the old website is disconnected. So the
start of the disconnection of old website is required to finish the launching of new
website
• Finish to Finish
• Pilot testing may finish to finish the design of a product
• Vaccine trials may finish to finish the development of vaccine
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 Leads & Lags

• Lag
• Sometimes a successor activity
cannot start for some time after the
predecessor has finished.
• E.g. walls of a house cannot be
painted before the cement
has dried.
• Lag is a time in which no work Lag
is done between two activities. They
are embedded delays.

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 Leads & Lags

• Lead
• Sometimes a Successor activity may
start before the Predecessor Activity
is finished or is still in progress

• E.g. You can start the painting works

of the first floor of the building while
Lead
the construction of second floor is in
progress.

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 The Critical Path

• It is the longest path of

dependent activities in
the project
• It determines the
minimum time required
to complete the project
• It is called critical path,
because any delay in this
path will delay the whole
project

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 Slack or Float

• It is the amount of time to which a non-critical activity can be delayed without

delaying the whole project.
• The critical path has 0 float or slack (always remember this)
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