MA102 Mathematics-II (2023-24) ‘Tutorial sheet-4 Higher order ODEs S Determine whether the following functions are linearly dependent or independent over a given set J: ) f(a) = 2, g(x) = &, and T= B; ) f(a) =e, g(x) =e, and T= R, ) £(w) = 2, ga) = ale] and T= [1,1], F = (1,00). . Prove that the transformation x = e! reduces the equation aga*y” +a, cy +a,y= F(x) (Cauchy Buler Equation) to a linear differential equation with constant coefficients. Find the general solution of the following Cauchy-Euler differential equations: (a) 2y" — 2ey + 2y = 2%; (b) 28y" — d2%y" + Say! — 8y = dine. Let fi and fo be two solutions of second-order homogeneous linear differential equation 4 4 a(a) it E+ ana) 0, aoa) de where ao, a1,@2 are continuous on real irl (a,b), and ap(z) 4 0, for all x € {a,8]. Show that if f, and f, are linearly independent on 2,6] and are such that (ao) = ff (0) = 0 at some point 2» of this interval, then a;(x9) = a2(%0) = 0. Given that y = 2 is a solution of (x? + Dy” — 2ay/ + 2y = 0, find a linearly independent solution by reducing the order. Solve the following equations using the Method of variation of parameter: (a) y" +4y = tan 2n, (b) y" +2y +5y = e*sec20, ) ) (c) y"+y =seexcoseee, ) ) (4) (e?-1)y" Pay +2 = a1), If y:(c) is solution of y” + P(x)y' + Q(x)y = Ra(z) and y2(z) is solution of y” + P(a)y’ + Q(a)y = Ro(a), then show that y(2) = y:(z) + y2(c) is a solution of y' + P(x)y! + Q(z)y = Ri(x) + Ra(z). Using this result, solve the following differential equation: = Ay =e +088. Solve the following differential equations using the method of undetermined coef- ficients: (a) 4-24 2c" — 10 sinz; (b) £4 +24 — 3% — 10y = Bre; (c) £4458 +4y = 16r+20e", (0) =0, y'(0) =3; (a) Sy 4% +3y=907 +4, (0) =6, (0) =8. 9. Consider the second-order homogeneous linear differential equation, (a) Find the two linearly independent solutions f, and f, of this equation which are such that fi(0) = 1, f{(0) = 0, fo(0) =0, and 73(0) = 1. (b) Express the solution Be? + 2, as a linear combination of the two linearly independent solutions fiand fy defined in part (a).