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f◦ 6.5 GHz
Thickness (d) 787.41 µm
εr 2.2 ± 0.04
tan δ 0.0009 @ 10 GHz
Copper Thickness 34 µm
1
W
We start by assuming that d ≤ 2, so we use the equation:
W 8eA
= 2A (1)
d e −2
Where r
Z◦ εr + 1 εr − 1 0.11
A= + 0.23 + (2)
60 2 εr + 1 εr
So, for the lines having Z◦ = 50 Ω, we have A = 1.159. Substituting this
in equation 1 results in Wd = 3.1256 > 2, which makes us go to the other
equations for Wd > 2 as:
W 2 εr − 1 0.61
= B − 1 − ln (2B − 1) + ln (B − 1) + 0.39 + (3)
d π 2εr εr
Where
377π
B= √ (4)
2Z◦ εr
W
From equation 4, we get B = 7.985, which results in d = 3.177. Which gives
W = 2.5 mm.
λg
Now, we want to get its length, we will put it as √λ◦ .
4, where λg = εeff So,
we need to calculate
εr + 1 εr − 1 1
εeff = + q (5)
2 2 1 + 12 d W
So, we get εeff = 1.8745. This results in λg = 33.71 mm and L = 8.43 mm.
Z◦
As for the √ 2
lines, we will also use the previous equations to get the
dimensions of the line. So, from 2, we get A = 0.85. This results in Wd =
3.1256 > 2, which also makes us use the other equations. So, from 4, we get
B = 11.2926, which results in Wd = 5.1174. So, we get W = 4.03 mm. Also,
we get εeff = 1.928. This gives λg = 33.239 mm. Which gives L = 8.31 mm.
2
Z◦ Lines
Width 2.5 mm
Length√ 8.43 mm
Z◦ / 2 Lines
Width 4.03 mm
Length 8.31 mm
Simulation Results
√
(a) Z◦ Line (b) Z◦ / 2 Line
3
Figure 3: Network Schematic
4
Figure 5: Substrate details
5
Figure 7: S parameters Phase
Figure 8: Bandwidth
6
EM Simulations for Layout
7
Figure 11: Bandwidth