[1]

there are 2 Possibilities for this Card

[ 1st Possibility ]
 A Power Driven vsl probably 50m or
more in Length underway may or may not be
making way through water
seen end on.

Day Signal – No day signal

Fog Signal
When Making way – One prolong blast at an interval of not more than 2 minutes
When Underway but Stopped & making No way through water – Two prolong blasts in
succession at interval of not more than 2minutes with 2secs interval in between them.

[ 2nd Possibility ]
 A Power driven vessel less than 50m in Length, engaged in towing operation where the
length of the tow 200m or less, Underway may or may not be making way through water
seen end on.
Day Signal – No day signal
Fog Signal
One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes by the towing vsl and one prolong blast followed by three short blasts by the
last vsl or object being towed if manned and practicable.

3 Points Port / 3 Points Starboard  Action

I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not, in
this case as she is coming to my present position so I will maintain my course and
speed and will keep observing the situation until she is finally past and clear.

`
 [2]

Vsl engaged in fishing other than trawler where

her outlying gear extending more than 150m
horizontally from vessel making way through the
water, seen end on

Day Signal – Two cones with apexes together

in vertical line where they can best be seen
also A cone with apex upwards in direction of gear extending.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes

3 Points Starboard  Action

I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not, in
this situation she is coming to my present position but she has net extended so I will
take early action and will give two short ballast and alter my course to Port and will keep
well clear of the net and will check effectiveness of my action until she is finally past
and clear.

`
 [3]

There are 2 Possibilities for this Card

i) A vsl Not Under Command making way
through water seen from Astern light sector.
ii) A vessel Aground less than 50m in length

 [ 1st Possibility ]
A vsl Not Under Command making way through water seen from Astern light sector.
Day Signal – Two balls or similar shape one above the other in vertical line where it can
best be seen
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2 minutes
 [ 2nd Possibility ]
A vessel Aground less than 50m in length
Day Signal – Three balls in a vertical line where they can best be seen
Fog Signal – Three separate and distinct strokes on the bell before and after the rapid
ringing of the bell for about 5 sec at interval not more than 1 minute, Additionally she may
also sound two short blasts followed by one Pro-long blast. ( Uniform . . _ )

3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing and will use all available means to determine
whether she is not under command or aground vessel
: How you will determine ?
Ans: By Radar Plotting

Action For First Possibility – N.U.C making way through water

I will take series of compass bearing and will use all available means to determine
whether risk of collision exist
: Bearing Constant?
Ans: I will need range in this situation whether range is decreasing to determine risk of
collision.

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 [4]
: Range Decreasing and risk of collision exist ?
Ans: It means I am overtaking her, I will give one short Blast and will alter my Course to
Starboard and will overtake her from Her Starboard Side ( Action as per Rule 13 )

Note: You can also overtake her from Port side but it is good seamanship to overtake
from Starboard Side to keep your side clear from other vessels action.

: How is she Heading ?

Ans: 6 points on either side of the bearing

Action For Second Possibility – A vessel Aground

There are two situations
(1) I am seeing that vsl expectedly (2) I am seeing that vsl unexpectedly
>> If I see that vessel Expectedly, it will be already marked on my chart and mentioned
in my passage plan, I will inform Master and will follow my passage plan
>> If I see that vessel un-expectedly, I will stop engine, take all way off, Call Master, Start
Echo sounder, Check Navigation Warnings and will try to establish contact with that vessel

: What will you ask from that Vessel ?

Ans: I will ask her about her draft and time of grounding and will check my draft and tide
calculations to do chart assessment because may be that vessel has deep draft and
grounded at time of low water Note: Do not tell until he ask the reason

After that I will proceed to navigable water with permission of Master.

`
 [5]

A vsl engaged in Trawling in close proximity

of other vsl engaged in fishing, Probably 20m or
more in length, Hauling her nets, Making way
through water seen from green light sector

Day Signal – Two cones with apexes together in

vertical line where they can best be seen also
International Code of Signal Flag GOLF.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more
than 2minutes

1 / 2 / 3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Bearing Constant / or Risk of collision exist / or Range decreasing and Bearing
Constant ?
Ans: I am give way Vsl (as per Rule 18) so I will take early action, I will give two short
blasts, Alter my course to Port and will pass well clear of that vessel and will check the
effectiveness of my action until she is finally past and Clear.

Note: Rule 18, 16, 8 reference in action.

Same action for following vessel (placed at 3 points port bow):

 Other Trawlers
 R.A.M without obstruction on your side
 Sailing vessel,
 Not Under Command
 Fishing vessel without Net extending

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 [6]

A Power driven vsl less than 50m in length,

engaged in Towing a Dracone, where the Length
off the Tow exceed 200m in Length, underway
may or may not making way through water,
seen from green light sector.

Day Signal – One diamond on the Towing vsl where it can best be seen and one diamond
on the Dracone being towed where it can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2 mints by the towing vsl and one prolong blast followed by three short blasts by the last
being towed if manned and practicable

Note: As dracones are small in size and it is normally not practicable for dracones to be
manned so if you don’t mention day signal for dracone your answer will be correct too,
It all depends how you will justify your answer infront of examiner.

3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing of the towing vessel and dracone being towed to
determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Appreciable change in Bearing?
Ans: ( As per Rule 7 d(ii) ) “Risk of collision may sometimes exist even when an appreciable
bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when
approaching a vessel at close range”
So I will use all available means to determine Risk of collision.
: What do you mean by All available means?
Ans: Compass, Radar, AIS, Binoculars, VHF, Sound and Light appliances
: Risk of Collision Exist !
Ans: As per Rule 15 (Crossing situation) I am stand on vessel and she is give way vessel,
[according to rule 17a(i)] “Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall
keep her course and speed.” I will maintain my course and speed and will keep observing
the situation.
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 [7]
: She is not taking action !
Ans: I will give 5 short and rapid blasts supplemented with lights [Rule 34(d) ] to draw her
attention and will keep my course and speed and keep observing the situation.
: She is still not taking action !
Ans: (Note: there can be two answers and both are correct until unless you can justify them)
1) I will give one short blast, alter my Course to Starboard, take round turn and pass
well clear / astern of the last dracone being towed and will check the effectiveness
of my action until she is finally past and clear [ action taken in accordance with
Rule 17a(ii)]
2) I will give one short blast, alter my Course to Starboard and will come parallel to
that vessel and will wait for her action. [ action taken in accordance with Rule
17a(ii) ]
: How long will you wait / Observe ?
Ans: As soon as it becomes apparent [Rule 17a(ii)]
Two situations after coming parallel to her course
 Later vessel does not take action  Later Vessel takes action
If Later vessel does not take action I will Only action can be taken by Later vessel
give one short blast, Alter my course to will be alteration of Course, - in this
Starboard, take round turn and will pass situation alteration of course to starboard
astern of the dracone well clear and will If Later vessel takes action I will come
check effectiveness of my action until she back to my course and resume my
is finally past and clear passage.
Later vessel will take action according to
Rule 8 (b)

As per Rule 17a(ii) “The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her
manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to
keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules”
Note: This is MAY scenario
: If that Towing vessel has taken action but still collision can not be avoided by the give
way vessels action alone!
Ans: Then I shall take action as will best aid to avoid collision [ as per Rule 17b (this is
Shall scenario)

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 [8]
: Actions by Rule 8 !
Ans: 1) Alteration of Course 2) Alteration of Speed 3) Alteration of Course & Speed

: Can you Alter Course to Port ?

Ans: Not for Power Driven Vessel [ Rule 17c ]

Note:
if  Normal Power driven vessel and Vessels engaged in
 Pushing Ahead and  Towing operations (except R.A.M)
are placed on 3 Points Port. Actions will be same as Card # 5 actions mentioned above.

`
 [9]

A Power Driven vsl probably 50m or more in

Length underway may or may not be making
way through water
seen from green Light sector

Day Signal – No day signal

Fog Signal
When Making way – One Prolong blast at an interval of not more than 2 minutes
When Underway but Stopped & making No way through water – Two Prolong blasts at
interval of not more than 2minutes with 2secs interval in between them.

3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing and will use all available means to determine Risk
of collision exist or not.

: Bearing constant / range decreasing

Ans: As per Rule 15 (Crossing situation) I am stand on vessel and she is give way vessel,
I will maintain my course and speed and will keep observing the situation. [according to
rule 17a(i)] “Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her
course and speed.”
: She is not taking action !
Ans: I will give 5 short and rapid blasts supplemented with lights [Rule 34(d) ] to draw her
attention and will keep my course and speed and keep observing the situation.
: She is still not taking action !
Ans: (Note: there can be two answers and both are correct until unless you can justify them)
1) I will give one short blast, alter my Course to Starboard, take round turn and pass
well clear / astern of the Vessel and will check the effectiveness of my action until
she is finally past and clear [ action taken in accordance with Rule 17a(ii)]
2) I will give one short blast, alter my Course to Starboard and will come parallel to
that vessel and will wait for her action. [ action taken in accordance with Rule
17a(ii) ]

`
Two situations after coming parallel to her course

 Later vessel does not take action
If Later vessel does not take action I will
give one short blast, Alter my course to
Starboard, take round turn and will pass
astern of the dracone well clear and will
check effectiveness of my action until she back to my course and resume my
is finally past and clear
[10]
 Later Vessel takes action
Only action can be taken by Later vessel
will be alteration of Course, - in this
situation alteration of course to starboard
If Later vessel takes action I will come
passage.
Later vessel will take action according to
Rule 8 (b)

As per Rule 17a(ii) “The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her
manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to
keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules”
Note: This is MAY scenario
: If that Vessel has taken action but still collision can not be avoided by the give way
vessels action alone!
Ans: Then I shall take action as will best aid to avoid collision [ as per Rule 17b (this is
Shall scenario)

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 [11]

There are 2 Possibilities for this Card

 [ 1st Possibility ]
A Vessel engaged in Fishing, making way through
water, seen from Astern.

Day Signal – Two cones with apexes together

in vertical line where they can best be seen
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes
 [ 2nd Possibility ]
A Vessel engaged in Fishing with her outlying gear extending more than 150m
horizontally, Underway but stopped or at anchor.
Day Signal – Two cones with apexes together in vertical line where they can best be
seen also A cone with apex upwards in direction of gear extending.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes

3 Points Port  Action ( If Examiner does not tell you one possibility for action)
I will take series of compass and will use all available means to determine whether she
is  making way through water or  Underway but stopped or at anchor
and risk of collision exist or not.
: How you will determine ?
Ans: By Radar plotting I will determine whether she is making way or underway but
stopped or at anchor.
: What will you get from Radar Plotting ?
Ans: 1) True Course & Speed of target 2) Relative Course & Speed
3) CPA & TCPA 4) Aspects
: She is Making way !
Ans I will take series of compass and will use all available means to determine whether
risk of collision exist or not.
: Bearing Constant !
Ans: I will need range in this scenario because risk of collision will exist only if range is
decreasing as well.
` Range decreasing !
:
 [12]
Ans: I will give one short blast and alter my course to Starboard and will overtake her
from her Starboard side and will check the effectiveness of my action until she is finally
past and clear. (Rule 13 will be applicable)

Note: If you see Stern Light in action always ask for Range because without range you
can not determine whether Risk of collision exist or not.

2nd Possibility
: Underway but stopped or at anchor >>> Your Action
Ans: I will take series of compass and will use all available means to determine whether
Risk of collision exist or not,
In this situation I will maintain my Course and Speed and will keep clear of net and will
keep observing the situation until she is finally past and clear.

Note: It is Necessary to take series of compass bearing and use all available means to
determine risk of collision because we are still not sure either that vessel is at Anchor
or Underway but stopped and she might be drifting towards your present course and
might develop close quarter situation.

A Power Driven Vessel engaged in pushing

ahead less than 50m in length, underway may
or may not be making way through water
seen from Green light sector

Day Signal – No day signal

Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two
short blasts at interval of not more than 2minutes

3 Points Port  Action

Actions will be same as Card # 5

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 [13]

A Vessel engaged in trawling probably 50m or

more in length underway but stopped or at
anchor.

Day Signal – No day signal

Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two
short blasts at interval of not more than 2minutes

2 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing to determine risk of collision exist or not
: Can risk of collision exist
Ans: Yes, risk of collision may exist, if she is underway but stopped and drifting towards
my course,
In such scenarios Alteration of course will be opposite to drift, i.e port side alteration.
Action will be according to Rule 18

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 [14]

A Vessel Restricted in ability to maneuver less

then 50m in length, making way through water
seen from green light sector
Day Signal – Ball ,diamond & ball in vertical line
where it can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two
short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes
: Which type of R.A.M it can be >
Ans: 1) A vessel engaged in laying servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine
cable or pipeline.

1 or 2 Points Port 
I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not
: You are coming out of port and you have seen this on 1 point or 2 point PORT, your
Action ?
Ans: I will keep her clear at slow speed.
: Why you have slow down speed ?
Ans: Because she may be busy in maintenance of navigational marks, that’s why I slowed
down to not to disturb her operation.

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 [15]

A Power driven vessel less than 50m in Length,

engaged in towing operation where the length of
the tow 200m or less, Underway may or may
not be making way through water seen from
Red light sector.

Day Signal – No day signal

Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes by the towing vsl and one prolong blast followed by three short blasts by the
last vsl or object being towed if manned and practicable.

3 Points Starboard 
I will take series of compass bearing of towing vessel and last vessel or object being
towed to determine whether risk of collision exist or not
: Bearing Constant OR Risk of collision exist ?
Ans: As per Rule 15, I am give way vessel and she is stand on vessel, So I will one Short
blast, Alter my course to starboard and will pass well clear of stern of the last vessel or
object being towed and will check effectiveness of my action until she is finally past and
clear.

Note: Always take bearing of towing vessel and Last vessel or object being towed in case
of any towing operation.

Note:
if  Normal Power driven vessel and Vessels engaged in
 Pushing Ahead and  Towing operations (except R.A.M)
are placed on 3 Points Starboard. Actions will be same as Card # 11 actions mentioned
above.

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 [16]

A Power driven vessel less than 50m in Length,

engaged in towing operation where the length of
the tow exceeds 200m, Underway may or
may not be making way through water seen
from green light sector.

Day Signal – One diamond on the Towing vsl

where it can best be seen and one diamond
on the Last vessel or object being towed where it can best be seen.

Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2 mints by the towing vsl and one prolong blast followed by three short blasts by the last
being towed if manned and practicable

3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing of towing vessel and last vessel or object being
towed to determine whether risk of collision exist or not
: Risk of collision exist ?
Ans: Actions will be same as Card # 5

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 [17]

A Vessel engaged in trawling probably 20m or

more in length, with her nets made fast to upon
an obstruction, underway but stopped or at
anchor.

Day Signal – Two cones with apexes together in

vertical line where they can best be seen also
International Code of Signal Flag PAPA.

Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes

1 / 2 / 3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not
: Can Risk of collision exist ?
Ans: In this situation Risk of Collision can exist only if vessel is drifting with high rate of
drift.
: Bearing Constant / range decreasing / Risk of collision exist ?
Ans: I will give two short blasts alter my course to Port, and pass well clear of the
vessel, and I will check effectiveness of my action until she is finally past and clear
(action according to Rule 18)

Note: “ : “ two red lights in this card are for other Fishing vessels fishing in close
proximity, and you can undersgtand by these lights that there are also other vessel in
close proximity.

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 [18]

There are 2 Possibilities for this Card

i) A Vessel Restricted in her ability to
maneuver or a vessel R.A.M engaged in
Dredging or Underwater operations without
obstruction probably 50m or more in length,
making way seen end on.
ii) A Power driven Vessel less than 50m in
length engaged in towing operation such as
severely restricts towing vessel and her tow from her ability to deviate from their
course, where the length of tow is 200m or less, underway may or may not be making
way through water, seen end on
 [ 1st Possibility ]
A Vessel Restricted in her ability to maneuver or a vessel R.A.M engaged in
Dredging or Underwater operations without obstruction probably 50m or more in length,
making way through water seen end on.
Day Signal – A Ball, diamond & ball in vertical line where it can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2 minutes

 [ 2nd Possibility ]
A Power driven Vessel less than 50m in length engaged in towing operation such as
severely restricts towing vessel and her tow from her ability to deviate from their
course, where the length of tow is 200m or less, underway may or may not be making
way through water, seen end on
Day Signal – A Ball, diamond & ball in vertical line where it can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes by the towing vsl and one prolong blast followed by three short blasts by the
last vsl or object being towed if manned and practicable

3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass in this situation as she is coming to my Present position
so I will maintain my course and speed and keep observing the situation until she is
finally past and clear.
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 [19]

A vessel R.A.M engaged in Dredging or

Underwater operations with obstruction on her
port side and starboard side safe side,
probably 50m or more in length, making way
through water, seen end on.

Day Signal – A Ball, diamond & ball in vertical

line where it can best be seen. Two black balls in vertical line at obstruction side and 2
diamonds in vertical at safe side where they can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2 minutes.

1 / 2 / 3 Points Port  Action

In this situation she is coming to my present position but she has obstruction on her
port side so I will give two short blasts, alter my course to port and will pass from safe
side (action as per Rule 18)

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 [20]

A Vsl engaged in fishing other than trawler

where her outlying gear extending more than
150m horizontally from vessel, making way
through the water, seen end on

Day Signal – Two cones with apexes together in

vertical line where they can best be seen also
a cone with apex upwards in direction of gear extending.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes

3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
In this situation as she is coming to my present position but she also has her net gears
extending more than 150m in length horizontally on my side, so I will take early action and
ive one short Blast, alter my course to starboard to give wide berth of her net and will
check the effectiveness of my action until she is finally past and clear.

Note: If at close range you can also alter to port or if you consider that you are clear
of net then you can also maintain your course and speed with caution and keep
observing the situation until she is finally pass and clear, (actions are as per Rule 18)

Head On  Action
I will give 2 short blast and alter my course to port, and will pass well clear of the vessel
until she is finally past and clear, (actions are as per Rule 18 as you are Giveaway)

Note: Rule 14 is only for Power driven vessels, Rest any other vessel action in Head on
will be as per Rule 18

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 [21]

A Power driven Vessel probably 50m or more

in length engaged in towing operation such as
severely restricts towing vessel and her tow from
her ability to deviate from their course, where the
length of tow exceeds 200m, underway may or
may not be making way through water, seen end
on

Day Signal – A Ball, diamond & ball in vertical line where it can best be seen. One
Diamond on Towing vessel and One Diamond on last vessel or object being towed where
it can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes by the towing vsl and one prolong blast followed by three short blasts by the
last vsl or object being towed if manned and practicable

3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not, in
this case as she is coming to my present position so I will maintain my course and
speed and will keep observing the situation until she is finally past and clear.

Note: Actions will be same as Card # 1

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 [22]

A Power Driven Vessel engaged in pushing

ahead probably 50m or more in length,
underway may or may not be making way
through water seen from Green light sector

Day Signal – No day signal

Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two
short blasts at interval of not more than 2minutes

3 Points Port  Action

Actions will be same as Card # 5

A Vessel engaged in Fishing other than

Trawler underway but stopped OR at Anchor.

Day Signal – Two cones with apexes together

in vertical line where they can best be.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by
two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes.

1 / 2 Points Port  Action

Actions will be same as Card # 9

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 [23]

A Power driven vessel less than 50m in

Length, engaged in towing operation where the
length of the tow exceeds 200m, Underway
may or may not be making way through
water seen from Red light sector.

Day Signal – One diamond on the Towing vsl

where it can best be seen and one diamond on the Last vessel or object being towed
where it can best be seen.

Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2 mints by the towing vsl and one prolong blast followed by three short blasts by the last
being towed if manned and practicable

1 Point Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing of towing vessel and last vessel or object being
towed to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Who is give way if Risk of collision exist with vessel being Towed which is on your
starboard ?
Ans: As per Rule no. 15, I am give way, because vessel being towed is still on my
starboard side. (as long as the length of the tow is on my starboard I am give away)

Note: Risk of collision may exist because this Vessel is “ Underway, May or may not be
making way” through water, So she can be underway but stopped and you can
determine this my compass bearing and radar plotting.

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 [24]

A vsl engaged in Trawling in close proximity

of other vsl engaged in fishing, Probably 20m or
more in length, Shooting her nets, Making way
through water seen from green light sector

Day Signal – Two cones with apexes together in

vertical line where they can best be seen also
International Code of Signal Flag Zulu.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2minutes.

2 / 3 Points Port  Action

Actions will be same as Card # 4

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 [25]

A Sailing Vessel underway, seen end on.

Day Signal – No day signal
Fog Signal – One Prolong blast followed by two
Short blast at an interval of not more than 2
minutes

3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
Note: Ask for Wind before taking any action In Sailing vessels card
In this situation as she is coming to my present position so I will maintain my course and
speed and will keep observing the situation until she is finally past and clear.

Head On  Action ( Note: In Head on situations, Alter into the wind )

 Wind On Her Port Side: Alter course into wind i.e I will give one short blast and alter
my course to Starboard and will check effectiveness of my action until she is finally
past and clear.
 Wind On Her Starboard Side: Alter course into wind i.e I will give Two short blast and
alter my course to Port and will check effectiveness of my action until she is finally past
and clear.

Above actions are as per Rule 18

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 [26]

A Sailing Vessel underway, seen from

astern.
Day Signal – No day signal
Fog Signal – One Prolong blast followed by
two Short blast at an interval of not more than
2 minutes

2 / 3 Points Port  Action

I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Bearing constant ?
Ans: Sir I need range whether range is decreasing to determine risk of collision
: Range Decreasing ?
Ans: Sir I need wind direction in sailing vessels scenario
: Wind from Your Port ?
Ans: Sir I will give two short blasts, Alter my course to Port and will overtake her from
her Port side and will check effectiveness of my action until she is finally past and clear.
: Why have you altered to Port ?
Ans: Because I am Power driven vessel and it is safe for me to go into wind because
Sailing vessel can not come to port (into the wind)

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 [27]

A Power driven vessel Constrained by her

draught probably 50m or more in Length,
Underway May or may not be making way
through water seen from green light sector.
Day Signal – A Cylinder where it can best be
seen
Fog Signal – One Prolong blast followed by
two Short blast at an interval of not more than 2 minutes

A Power driven vessel Constrained by her

draught, Underway May or may not be making
way through water seen from stern light
sector.
Day Signal – A Cylinder where it can best be
seen
Fog Signal – One Prolong blast followed by
two Short blast at an interval of not more than 2 minutes

CBD

P
D
Own Vsl

 Action
I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Bearing constant / Risk of collision exist ?
Ans: According to Rule 18d(i) “ Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel
restricted in her ability to maneuver shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid
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 [28]
impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule
28 ”

So I will take early and early action, I will reduce my speed and let her pass. (action
taken as per Rule 8f(i) )
: If Circumstances of the case does not admit, means you have not taken early action!
Ans: As per Rule 15 she is give way and I am stand on. So I will give 5 short and rapid
blasts supplemented with lights and I will take action as per Rule 17 (action by stand on
vessel) because rule 8f(ii) is saying to me when taking action have full regards to the
action which may be required by rules of this part (means Rule 17)

Note: Constrained by her draught is obliged to comply with Rule # 16 as per Rule 8f(iii)
All actions will be same as for normal Power Driven vessel but Rules quoting will be
different (means additional Rule 8f(ii) & Rule 8f(iii) )

CBD

P
D
Own Vsl

 Action
I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Bearing constant / Risk of collision ?
Ans: According Rule 15 I am give way vessel, So will give one short blast, Alter my course
to starboard and pass well clear stern of that vessel and will check effectiveness of my
action until she is finally past and clear. ( actions are as per Rule 15 , 16 & 8 )

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 [29]

: Which vessels should not impede your passage in Narrow Channel ?

Ans: i) Vessel Less than 20m
ii) Sailing Vessel
iii) Fishing Vessel
iv) A Vessel which is crossing the narrow channel or fairway and such crossing
impedes my safe passage in narrow channel or fairway.

F.V

P
D
Own Vsl

 Action
I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Risk of collision exist !
Ans: According to Rule 9(c) she shall not impede my passage, so I will maintain my course
and speed and will keep observing the situation.
: She is not taking action ?
Ans: I will give 5 short and rapid blast supplemented with light to draw her attention as
per Rule 34(d) .
: She is still not taking action ?
Ans: I will reduce my speed and let her pass. ( actions are as per Rule 8f(iii) as
Rule 8f(iii) oblige me to comply with Rule 18 but Fishing vessel will remain oblige to take
action as per Rule 8f(i) & 8f(ii) )

Note: In these situations No Give way and No Stand on because throughout action she
will remain oblige as per Rule 9, Rule 8f(i) & Rule 8f(ii) and You will remain obliged as per
Rule 8f(iii) and Rule 8f(iii) tell you to comply Rule 18

`
Same actions for sailing vessels less than 20m and any other crossing vessels
 [30]

P.D

P
D
Own Vsl

 Action
I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Risk of collision exist !
Ans: I will give 5 short and rapid blast supplemented with lights to draw her attention and
will keep observing the situation. ( According to Rule 9(d) she shall not cross if such
crossing impedes my safe passage because I can safely navigate only within narrow
channel or fairway )
: No Action by Her !
Ans: I will reduce my speed and let her pass ( action as per Rule 8f(iii) and Rule 15 and
Rule 17 )

P.D

P
D
Own Vsl

 Action
I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Risk of collision exist !
Ans: According to Rule 9(d) she shall not cross if such crossing impedes my safe
passage because I can safely navigate only within narrow channel or fairway. So I will give
5` short and rapid blast supplemented with lights to draw her attention.
 [31]

: No Action by Her !
Ans: I will reduce my speed and let her pass ( action as per Rule 8f(iii) and Rule 15 and
Rule 16 ) but she will remain fully oblige to comply with Rule 8f(i) Rule 8f(ii) and Rule 17.

Note: In Narrow Channel any vessel crossing you >> Give her 5 Short and rapid blast <<
If she is not taking action, your best action will be reduce speed according to Rule 8f(iii).

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 [32]

: Which vessels should not impede your passage in T.S.S ?

Ans: i) Vessel Less than 20m or sailing vessel
ii) Vessel engaged in Fishing

F.D

SEPERATION ZONE
TRAFFIC ZONE

TRAFFIC ZONE
INSHORE

INSHORE
P
D
Own Vsl

 Action
I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Risk of collision exist / Bearing Constant !
Ans: As per Rule 10(i) she shall not impede my passage so I will maintain my course and
speed and will keep observing the situation.
: She is not taking action !
Ans: I will give 5 short and Rapid blast supplemented with lights to draw her attention and
will keep observing the situation.
: She is still not taking action !
Ans: I will reduce my speed and let her pass and will check the effectiveness of my
action until she is finally past and clear.
( Actions are according to Rule 8f(iii) and Rule 8f(ii) and these rules tells you to comply
rules of this part means Rule 18 and fishing vessel remains fully obliged as per Rule 8f(i)
and Rule 8f(ii) )

Note: Same action for Vessel less than 20m in length and sailing vessel

: How you will come to know at night that vessel is less than 20m ?
Ans: Her side lights may be in combined lantern.
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 [33]

P.D

SEPERATION ZONE

TRAFFIC ZONE
TRAFFIC ZONE

INSHORE
INSHORE

P
D
Own Vsl

 Action
I will take series of compass bearing to determine whether risk of collision exist or not.
: Bearing Constant OR Risk of collision exist ?
Ans:
Rule 10(a) states “This Rule Applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the
Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule. “
So according to Rule 10(a) I m obliged to comply with all rules applicable on me in this
situation, Rule 15 Crossing situation, I am stand on vessel and she is give way,
I will maintain my Course and Speed and will keep observing the situation
: Still No Action ?
Ans: I will give 5 short and rapid blast supplemented with lights to draw her attention and
will keep observing the situation.
: She is still not taking any Action ?
Ans: if I have enough sea room >>>> on my starboard then I will give 1 short blast, alter
my course to starboard and pass well clear and I will check the effectiveness of my
action until she Is finally past and clear
If I don’t have enough sea room >>>> I will reduce my speed and keep well clear and will
check the effectiveness of my action until she Is finally past and clear.
Acions as per Rule 10(a), Rule 15, Rule 16 and Rule 8.

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 [34]
Restricted Visibility

P
D
Own Vsl

: One Target detected on Radar !

Ans: I will do systematic radar plotting to determine whether close quarter situation
developing or risk of collision exist or not
: If CPA 1nm !
Ans: It means Close quarter situation is developing.
: If CPA zero !
Ans: It means Risk of Collision exist.

 Action
I will alter my course to starboard and will to again systematic radar plotting to check the
effectiveness of my action until she is finally past and clear.
: Still CPA is Zero !
Ans: That means the other vessel has taken wrong action , she has altered to Port but
she should have altered to starboard because I am on her forward of beam and both
will comply Rule 19d (i) & 19d (ii). I Will again alter my course to starboard or I can reduce
my speed. I will do again systematic radar plotting and will check effectiveness of my
action until she is finally past and clear.

Note: Before and After every action do Systematic Radar Plotting to determine whether
risk of collision or Close quarter situation and check effectiveness of action until she is
finally past and clear.
: Heard a Fog signal forward of beam ! Your Action ?
Ans: I will reduce my speed to minimum at which I can be kept on my course and if
necessary take all way off and will navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision
is` over.
 [35]
: Extreme Caution
Open Bridge wing door, Adjust radar range and try to detect target, stop noisy work on
deck will increase look out. And will decrease the interval of Fog Signal.

(1) (2)

CPA Zero CPA Zero (3)

CPA Zero

(4)
Own Vsl
CPA 0.1nm

I will do systematic radar plotting to determine close quarter situation or risk of collision
exist or not.
: CPA Zero with Target 1, 2 & 3 and Close quarter situation and TCPA close with
number Target 4. Your Action ?
Ans: I will reduce my speed and if necessary take all way off and will do systematic
chart assessment to check the effectiveness of my action. because in this situation I
will avoid altering course to Starboard for Target 4, and Avoid altering course to Port for
Target 1, 2 & 3.

Note: Power driven Vessel will keep her engines ready in restricted visibility.
If you have many targets and you have to take action, then your action will be according
to TCPA. You will take action for Least TCPA target considering such action will be best
action for other targets as well.

: Can you alter course to Port

Ans : Yes, I can Alter to Port but as per Rule 19(d) “ so far as possible, shall be avoided “
Rule 19d (i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a
vessel being overtaken;
Rule 19d (ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam

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 [36]

A There are 2 Possibilities for this Card

i) A Vessel engaged in Mine Clearance
operation underway may or may not be
making way through water seen from stern
light sector.
ii) A Vessel engaged in Mine Clearance
operation less than 50m in length at Anchor.

 [ 1st Possibility ]
A Vessel engaged in Mine Clearance operation underway may or may not be making
way through water seen from stern light sector.
Day Signal – One ball near Foremast Head and one Ball at each end of fore yard where
it can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2 minutes.

 [ 2nd Possibility ]
A Vessel engaged in Mine Clearance operation less than 50m in length at Anchor.
Day Signal – One ball near Foremast Head and one Ball at each end of fore yard also a
ball at forward part where it can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two short blasts at interval of not more than
2 minutes.

A Vessel engaged in Mine Clearance operation

probably 50m or more in length at Anchor seen
from Port side.
Day Signal – One ball near Foremast Head and
one Ball at each end of fore yard also a ball
at forward part where it can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two
short blasts at interval of not more than 2
minutes.
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 [37]

A Vessel engaged in Mine Clearance operation

probably 50m or more in length underway may
or may not be making way through water seen
from Red light sector
Day Signal – One ball near Foremast Head and
one Ball at each end of fore yard where it
can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by two
short blasts at interval of not more than 2 minutes.

A Vessel engaged in Mine Clearance operation

less than 50m in length underway may or may
not be making way through water seen from
Green light sector
Day Signal – One ball near Foremast Head and
one Ball at each end of fore yard where it
can best be seen.
Fog Signal – One Pro-long blast followed by
two short blasts at interval of not more than
2 minutes.

3 Points Port / 3 Points Starboard  Action

There are two situations
(1) I am seeing that vsl expectedly (2) I am seeing that vsl Unexpectedly

1) if I am seeing that vessel expectedly then there will be change in my passage plan, I
will inform Master and follow my passage plan.

2) If I am seeing that vsl Unexpectedly then I will stop my engine, take all way off , call
Master, Check navigational warnings, will contact with that vessel and will ask the working
area co-ordinates and then with permission of Master will pass at least 1000m of the
working area co-ordinates.
`