SCIENCE

Modified Strategic Intervention Materials

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author: Catherine S. Esguerra

Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Reviewer and Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout Artist: Jacqueline E. Libut

MANAGEMENT TEAM
Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Quarter 4 Week 2
 Title Card
Week 2 Lesson 2: Cell Division

Guide Card

Introduction

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master cell
division. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond to the textbook you are now using. In this
module, you will learn how the cells divide.

Learning Competency
After going through this module, you are expected to:
• Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their role in the cell division cycle. S8LT - IVd -
16
• Explain the significance of meiosis in maintaining the chromosome number. S8LT -
IVf – 18

Pre-Test: What I Know

DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on your
activity notebook.

1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the phases of mitosis?

A. Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase
B. Telophase, Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase
C. Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase, Metaphase
D. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

2. This is the last phase of mitosis where original cell divides to form two new cells with
the same number of chromosomes.
A. Anaphase B. Telophase C. Prophase D. Metaphase

1
3. What’s phase comes right after metaphase?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Telophase
D. Anaphase

4. After meiosis there are_______

A. two haploid cells. C. four haploid cells
B. two haploid gametes D. four haploid gametes

5. Which of the following occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II?

A. DNA replication
B. Crossing over
C. None of these occur between meiosis I and meiosis II

6. Differences between meiosis I and meiosis II. Include:

A. how the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during meiosis I or
meiosis II.
B. the pairing of chromosomes in meiosis I but not in meiosis II.
C. the amount of DNA in a cell at the end of meiosis I or meiosis II
D. All of the above

7. How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?

A. 22 B.23 C. 24 D. 25

8. The two strands of a chromosome are joined at a constricted region called

the________.
A. autosome C. cytoplasm
B. centromere D. ribosome

9. Non-disjunction can occur if ______ chromosomes fail to separate during Meiosis I

A. defective B. heterozygous C. homologous D. sex

10. Person with Down Syndrome usually have ____ copies of chromosome 21.
A. no B. one C. two D. three
2
 Lesson
CELL DIVISION
1

Cell division is the process by which a living cell proliferates from one cell to two cells.
The cells before division are called mother cells, and the new cells formed after division
are called daughter cells. Generally, it includes two steps: nuclear division and cytokinesis.
There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Most of the time when people
refer to “cell division,” they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis
is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells.
Review
Every living thing undergoes reproduction. The nutrients taken by an individual will
provide for energy for metabolic processes, for growth and development as well as
reproduction. You now know that the cellular level of reproduction, in the form of cell
division, provides for the backdrop for the organismal level of reproduction.

3
 Activity Card
What’s New
Directions: Read the passage below TWICE and Unscramble the letters of the
enclosed words to create a meaningful statement. Write your answer opposite
the scrambled word below the box. Do it on your notebook. Enjoy!

( Messocrohom) are long strands of DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. (NAD)are

materials that holds (senge)which considered the building blocks of the human
body. The term chromosome comes from the Greek word for ( crool)which is
“chroma” and the greek work for (doby)which is “soma”.
Chromosome located in the center of all ( unelcus).Each chromosome actually
features protein and single DNA molecule.The DNA remains wrapped around
(onesthis). Which are spool like protein because of the (quinue) structure of
chromosome. Chromosome comes in ( riaps) when chromosome replicate.The
two resulting identical chromatids arejoined by a structure called(merentreco).

1.messocrohom-

2. NAD -

3. senge -

4. crool -

5. doby -

6. unelcus -

7. onesthis -

8. quinue -

9. riaps

10. merentreco -

4
Discussion
The vast amount of information encoded in
DNA is organized into units called genes.
The genes are a segment of DNA carries the
code to create a protein or RNA molecule.
As eukaryotic cells prepare to divide, the
chromosomes (the DNA and associated
proteins) coil tighter as the cell prepare to
divide?

Before the DNA coils up, the DNA is copied

The two exact copies of DNA that make up each
chromosome are called chromatids. The two
chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point
called centromere. The chromatids become separated
during cell division and placed into a new cell.

The Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis

The cell cycle

Actively dividing eukaryote cells pass through a series of stages known
collectively as the cell cycle: two gap phases (G1 and G2); an S (for synthesis)
phase, in which the genetic material is duplicated; and an M phase, in which
mitosis partitions the genetic material and the cell divides.
• G1 phase. Metabolic changes prepare the cell for division. At a certain
point - the restriction point - the cell is committed to division and moves
into the S phase.
• S phase. DNA synthesis replicates the genetic material. Each
chromosome now consists of two sister chromatids.
• G2 phase. Metabolic changes assemble the cytoplasmic materials
necessary for mitosis and cytokinesis.
• M phase. A nuclear division (mitosis) followed by a cell division
(cytokinesis). The period between mitotic divisions - that is, G1, S and G2
- is known as interphase.

5
Meiosis I + II
It is important that gametes are haploid since at fertilization half the
chromosomes come from the male gamete (e.g. sperm cell) and half from the
female gamete (e.g. ovum) in order to produce a diploid zygote. Meiosis
produces four genetically different haploid cells during sexual reproduction and
involves two consecutive divisions.
• Meiosis I - where the chromosome number is reduced and crossing over
takes place
• . Meiosis II - where the two new haploid nuclei divide again in a division
identical to that of mitosis.
6
Observe the karyotype below:
In either case the resulting individual will suffer from some disabilities
depending on which chromosome are involved:
Here are the results if too many or too few chromosomes:
a. Jacob,s syndrome( supermale)XYY ( 47)
b. Turner’s Syndrome( monosomy female)XO (45)
c. Trisomic Female(superfemale)XXX ( 47)
d. Kleinfelter’s syndrome(male XXY) (47)
e. Down Syndrome( trisomy #21) (47)
f. Edward syndrome (trisomy #18) (47)
g. Patau syndrome (trisomy#13) ( 47)

7
This is a photograph(karyotype)of a normal human male and female

Similarly, oogenesis begins in unspecialized germs cells called oogonia (sing.

oogonium). An oogonium develops and grows into primary oocyte with a
diploid number of chromosomes. The primary oocytes undergo a first meiotic
cell division to produce two daughter cells of unequal sizes. The larger of the
daughter cells is referred to as a first polar body and is basically only a nucleus.
Both the secondary oocytes and the first polar body undergo second meiotic
division. The secondary oocytes yield a second polar bodies and the ovum; the
first polar body from two cells referred to as second polar bodies. These second
polar bodies have no cytoplasm and degenerate soon after the ovum forms.

8
 Enrichment Card

Activity 1: Find My Name!

Directions: Draw a line connecting each picture to its correct description/name. Write
your answers on your activity notebook.

Prophase ● ●

Metaphase ● ●

Anaphase ● ●

Telophase ● ●

9
Activity 2
Observe the karyotype below: Karyotype: Tell Me who am I?
Directions: Based on the following Karyotype; kindly identify the name of the
following non-disjunction of chromosomes; Write your answer on your
notebook.
TURNER SYNDROME SUPERFEMALE DOWN SUNDROME
EDWARD SYNDROME JACOB SYNDROME

1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

10
Activity 3
Directions: Study the given illustrations. Write the descriptions that best fit each
phase in the boxes provided. Use the sentences/phrases in the list below. Write
your answers on your activity notebook.

DESCRIPTIONS
Original cell divides to form two new cells with the same number of
chromosomes.

Chromosomes line up single file at the equator.

Single stranded chromosomes move to opposite poles.

The centrioles move apart along the fibers of the spindle until they reach
opposite sides of the cell.

Reflection Card

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the Venn diagram below by writing down differences and
similarities about the mitosis and meiosis

11
What I can do
Directions: Number the following diagram of the first half of meiosis in the proper order.
Label each diagram as Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I or Telophase I. Do it on your
notebook.

Do the same for the diagram of the second half of Meiosis. Label the phases correctly as
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II and Cytokinesis. Then number each
diagram in the proper order.

12
 Assessment Card
Directions: Answer the following descriptions of cell division. Write P – Prophase, M –
Metaphase, A – Anaphase and T – Telophase. Write your answers on your activity
notebook.

______1. The sister chromatids are moving apart.

______2. The nuclear membrane fades from view.

______3. The cytoplasm of the cell is being divided.

______4. Chromatids line up along the equator.

______5. The spindle is formed.

Additional Activities
A. Directions: Below are pictures of onion root-tip cells undergoing mitosis. Label the
subsequent phases of mitosis. The pictures are not necessarily in order. Write your
answers on your activity notebook.

________________ _______________ ________________ ________________

B. Directions: Use the following symbols to identify the non-disjunction/chromosomal
disorder symbol may be used once, more than once or not at all. Write your answers
on your notebook.
DS= Down Syndrome ED= Edward Syndrome
PT= Patau Syndrome KS= Klinefelter’s Syndrome
TR= Turner’s syndrome TF= Trisomic Female
JS= Jacob’s Syndrome
___1. Trisomy # 13 ____6. XXX
___2. XXY ____7. Supermale
___3. Trisomy #21 ____8. XYY
___4. XO ____9. Superfemale
___5. Trisomy # !8 ____10. Monosomy female
13
 Reference Card
REFERENCES
Grade 8 Learner’s Module pages 321-322
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-molecular-biology/mitosis/a/phases-of-mitosis
Exploring Life Through Science
BIOLOGY(Morales-Ramos) pp.355-359
Essential of Anatomy and Physiology pp.546-549
Breaking through Science 8
pp 522- 529
Science 8 Learner’s Module pp.324-328
Science 8 Teacher’s Guide pp.222-224
http://sepuplhs.org/high/sgi/teachers/genetics act3 sim.html
http;//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/student approaches to learning
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCWVTnFf5o
http://www.youtube.com/watch/v=mOows9ZvM
edHelper.com.ph
www.ck12.org
Learner’s Module Science 8 pp. 327-328
Teacher’s Guide Science 8 p 223
Breaking Through Science 8 Second Edition pp.524-528
Exploring life Through Science BIOLOGY pp. 358-360
https://bit.ly/3dCwilz
https://www.canva.com/design/DACblmGfmmY/0026rJ3TzurqulrNTrig/edi
www.2.estrellamountain.edu
.en.m.wikipedia.org
.courses.lumenlearning.com
www.slideshare.net
Breaking through Science second edition pp.
Science Learner’s Module pp.
Exploring life through BIOLOGY pp.
Teacher’s Guide p
Essential Anatomy & physiology pp https://online.science.psu.edu/bio1011_sandbox_7239/node/7278

Answer Card
What I know What’s In
What’s the Message
Mitosis is a process where cells divide into
two identical daughter cells.

What’s New Activity 2

ACTIVITY 2
1. TURNER SYNDROME
2. SUPERFEMALE
3. DOWN SYNDROME
4. JACOB SYNDROME
5. EDWARD SYNDROME

14
Activity 3:

Assessment
A.
1. A
2. P
3. T
4. M
5. P
B. 1. A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is made up of proteins and DNA
organized into genes. Each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
2. Haploid cells are those that have only a single set of chromosomes while (3)diploid cells have two
sets of chromosomes.

ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 2
NAME OF PHASE A NAME OF PHASE B

1. PROPHASE I 1. ANAPHASE I
2. ANAPHASE 1 2. ANAPHASE II
3. TELOPHASE II 3. PROPHASE I
4. METAPHASE II 4. METAPHASE II
5. PROPHASE I 5. METAPHASE II
6. ANAPHASE II 6. TELOPHASE I
7. METAPHASE I 7. PROPHASE II
8. TELOPHASE I 8. TELOPHASE II

15
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

San Fernando City, Pampanga

Landline: (045) 435-27-28

Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph