Electricity: Electricity encompasses several fundamental concepts including electric

current, electric circuit, voltage or electric potential, resistance, and Ohm’s law. These
concepts are essential for understanding how electrical systems function.

Electric Current: Electric current is the movement of electric charge through a

conductor. It is carried by the flow of electrons. While electrons actually move from the
negative terminal to the positive terminal, conventionally, current is considered to flow
from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.

Electric Circuit: An electric circuit is a complete and closed path through which electric
current can flow. It includes various components such as voltage sources (like batteries
or generators), conductors (wires), and resistors. These components are connected in a
way that allows electricity to circulate and perform work.

Voltage or Electric Potential: Voltage, also known as electric potential difference, is the
electric potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electric circuit. It is the
driving force that pushes electric charges through a circuit. Voltage is measured in volts
(V).

Resistance: Resistance is a property of a material or component that opposes the flow

of electric current. It is a crucial parameter in determining how much current will flow
through a circuit for a given voltage. The resistance of a conductor depends on its
length, cross-sectional area, and the material it is made of. Resistance is measured in
ohms (Ω).

Ohm’s Law: Ohm’s law is a fundamental principle in electricity that describes the
relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electric circuit. It states that
the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the
voltage across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance between
them.

In summary, electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, an

electric circuit provides a path for this flow, voltage is the driving force behind the
current, resistance opposes this flow, and Ohm’s law describes the relationship between
these fundamental electrical quantities.