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Fishmans Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders 2 Volume Set Sixth Edition Michael A Grippi Download 2024 Full Chapter
Fishmans Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders 2 Volume Set Sixth Edition Michael A Grippi Download 2024 Full Chapter
EDITORS
Danielle E. Antin-Ozerkis, MD Camille Nelson Kotton, MD
Medical Director, Yale Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School
Associate Professor of Medicine Clinical Director, Transplant and Immunocompromised Host
Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Infectious Diseases
Yale School of Medicine Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut Boston, Massachusetts
Robert M. Kotloff, MD
Craig and Elaine Dobbin/Nancy P. Blumenthal
Professor of Advanced Lung Disease
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
ISBN: 978-1-26-047406-0
MHID: 1-26-047406-2
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DEDICATION
DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to the many clinicians worldwide who have devoted themselves to caring for those affected by SARS-CoV-19 and to
the scientists who developed vaccines and therapeutic modalities directed against the virus.
MAG: To my wife, Barbara, and to our daughters, Kristen and Amy, for their steadfast support over the
years, and to their families—Emily, Ali, Sawyer, Sophie, Levi, and Kieran.
DAO: To my husband, Eric, and our daughters, Orly and Daya. If you are going to spend a pandemic with
anyone, you might as well laugh a lot. And to my patients, from whom I learn every day.
CDC: I would like to thank my family, friends, and all the mentors in pulmonary and critical care medicine who
helped support me throughout my career. I would also like to thank my patients, from whom I have learned
so much and who have been the motivation for my current work.
RMK: To my wife, Debbie, and my sons, Eric, Brian, and Ethan, for their unwavering love and support.
And to the memory of my parents, Jean and Leon Kotloff, for instilling in me the principles
by which I live my life and practice my profession.
CNK: Thanks to my husband, Darrell Kotton, and to our wonderful sons, David and Benjamin, for their thoughtfulness
and support, especially as we navigated our family through the peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic. And thanks to
my patients over the years, who have taught me so much about medicine, but also
about resilience, optimism, and hope.
AIP: To my very supportive wife, Frances; my long-collaborating Administrative Assistant, Daniel Barrett; my four
children, Alison, Angela, Andrew, and Allan Junior; and our 11 grandchildren.
CONTENTS
000
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii 15 Blood Gas Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Adrian Shifren / Robert A. Klocke
Preface. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
16 Diffusion, Chemical Reactions, and Diffusing Capacity. . . . 229
Robert A. Klocke / Adrian Shifren
vii
51 Bronchiectasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862
33 Diagnostic Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Gregory Tino
Needle Biopsy, and Related Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
David M. DiBardino / Daniel H. Sterman / Anil Vachani
34 Interventional Pulmonology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 PART 5: Interstitial and Inflammatory
Daniel G. Dunlap / Andrew R. Haas / Daniel H. Sterman
Lung Diseases
35 Diagnostic Thoracic Surgical Procedures:
Thoracoscopy, VATS, RATS, and Thoracotomy. . . . . . . . . . . . 632 52 Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical
Robert E. Merritt Overview and General Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
Aditi Mathur / Danielle E. Antin-Ozerkis
36 Evaluation of Respiratory Impairment
and Disability.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 53 Systemic Sarcoidosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891
Lisa Ruvuna / Akshay Sood Edward S. Chen
54 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
Tanzira Zaman / Giuliana Cerro Chiang / Paul W. Noble
SECTION 8 Asthma
PART 6: Drug-Induced Lung Diseases
43 The Biology of Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734
Geoffrey L. Chupp / Matthew C. Bell / William W. Busse 64 Pulmonary Toxicity Related to
44 The Epidemiology of Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 Systemic Treatments for Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Kathleen A. Lee-Sarwar / Scott T. Weiss / Augusto A. Litonjua Jennifer D. Possick / Erin DeBiasi / Lynn T. Tanoue
45 Asthma: Clinical Presentation and Management. . . . . . . . . 767 65 Drug-induced Pulmonary Disease Due to
Omar S. Usmani / Peter J. Barnes Nonchemotherapeutic Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100
Hilary C. Cain
46 Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (Mycosis)
and Severe Asthma with Fungal Sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . 785 66 Lung Injury Associated with Recreational Drug Use.. . . . . 1119
Geoffrey L. Chupp Timothy E. Albertson / Patrick Mangialardi /
James A. Chenoweth / Susan Murin
viii
CONTENTS
69 Aspiration-Related Pulmonary Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164
Paul E. Marik
70 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . 1175 SECTION 10 Occupational Disorders
Bruce C. Trapnell / Cormac McCarthy / Brenna Carey
85 Asbestos-Related Lung Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488
71 Eosinophilic Lung Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1186 William N. Rom / Jun-Chieh J. Tsay
Lauren Cohn / Carolyn L. Rochester / Brian J. Clark
86 Chronic Beryllium Disease and Hard-Metal
72 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211 Lung Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1502
Nick H. Kim / Jess Mandel / Kimberly A. Smith / Jason X.-J. Yuan Shweta Sood / Mary Elizabeth Kreider
87 Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513
Robert C. Stansbury / Rahul G. Sangani / John E. Parker
PART 8: Disorders of the Pulmonary 88 Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and
Circulation Industrial Bronchitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1532
Shu-Yi Liao / David C. Christiani
73 Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1258
Timothy M. Fernandes / Peter F. Fedullo
74 Pulmonary Vasculitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287 SECTION 11 Environmental Disorders
Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba / Ulrich Specks
89 Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539
75 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1306 Coralynn Sack / Joel D. Kaufman
Tyler J. Peck / Josanna M. Rodriguez-Lopez
90 Acute and Chronic Responses to Toxic Inhalations.. . . . . . 1559
Austin J. Jolly / David A. Schwartz
91 High-Altitude Physiology and Clinical Disorders.
PART 9: Disorders of the Pleural Space Kingman P. Strohl / Cynthia M. Beall / Nikolaus C. Netzer
. . . . . . . 1581
ix
107 Genetic and Molecular Changes in Lung Cancer: 127 Aspiration, Empyema, Lung Abscesses, and Anaerobic
Prospects for a Personalized Pharmacologic Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2203
Approach to Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1864 Kyle B. Enfield / Costi D. Sifri
Howard Y. Li / Jeffrey A. Kern
128 Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired
108 Epidemiology of Lung Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1882 Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2223
Lynn T. Tanoue / Charles S. Dela Cruz James M. Walter / Richard G. Wunderink
109 Lung Cancer Screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1904 129 Nosocomial Pneumonia, Including Ventilator-associated
Humberto K. Choi / Peter J. Mazzone Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2243
110 Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Nodules. . . . . . . 1911 Andrew T. Roth / Marin H. Kollef
Moiz Salahuddin / David E. Ost
111 The Pathology of Bronchogenic Carcinoma. . . . . . . . . . . . 1929 SECTION 14 Major Pathogens in Pulmonary Infections
Leslie A. Litzky
130 Tuberculosis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2256
112 Clinical Evaluation, Diagnosis, and
Akash Gupta / Karen R. Jacobson
Staging of Lung Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1950
A. Cole Burks / M. Patricia Rivera 131 Pulmonary Diseases Due to
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2278
113 Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Surgery. . . . . 1964
John S. Albin / Rocio M. Hurtado
John K. Waters / Scott I. Reznik
132 Aspergillus, Candida, and Other
114 Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer:
Opportunistic Pulmonary Mycoses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2290
Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1977
Georgios Chamilos / Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Laurie L. Carr
133 Cryptococcosis and the Endemic Mycoses: Histoplasma,
115 Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer:
Blastomyces, and Coccidioides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2319
Radiation Therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992
Marwan M. Azar / Nathan C. Bahr / Joshua Malo / Chadi A. Hage
Joseph A. Miccio / Mitchell Machtay
134 Pneumocystis Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2353
116 Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis,
Eliezer Zachary Nussbaum / Marwan M. Azar
Treatment, and Natural History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2002
Jonathan E. Dowell / Benjamin J. Drapkin / David E. Gerber / 135 Protozoan Infections of the Thorax.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2375
David H. Johnson Louise C. Ivers / Edward T. Ryan
117 Uncommon Tumors of the Lung. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 136 Helminthic Diseases of the Lung.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2388
Karen Rodriguez / Gerald F. Abbott Ricardo M. La Hoz / James B. Cutrell
118 Extrapulmonary Syndromes 137 Nocardiosis and Actinomycosis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2401
Associated with Lung Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2031 Daniel N. Maxwell / Reuben J. Arasaratnam / Alejandro Restrepo /
Nicholas J. Pastis / Nichole T. Tanner / Gerard A. Silvestri Tara M. Babu
119 Lymphoproliferative Diseases Involving the Lung. . . . . . . 2045 138 Zoonotic and Environmental Bacterial Pneumonias. . . . . 2421
Venerino Poletti / Sara Piciucchi / Silvia Asioli Camille Nelson Kotton / Howard M. Heller
PART 17: Infectious Diseases of the Lungs PART 18: Respiratory Failure
SECTION 12 General Concepts 139 Respiratory Failure: An Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2436
Michael A. Grippi
120 Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents.. . . . . . . . . . . . 2070
Theodore J. Standiford / Gary B. Huffnagle
CONTENTS
140 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathogenesis. . . . . 2447 148 Principles of Noninvasive
Asha N. Chesnutt / Michael A. Matthay Pressure-targeted Ventilation. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2588
141 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Bernardo Selim / Janet Hilbert / Henry K. Yaggi
Management, and Outcomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2459 149 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
John P. Reilly / Jason D. Christie in Acute Respiratory Failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2610
Asad Ali Usman / Jacob Gutsche
SECTION 16 Respiratory Pump Failure 150 Nutrition in Pulmonary Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2634
Tachira Tavarez / David S. Seres
142 Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: Pathogenesis
151 Diagnosis and Treatment of Pain, Agitation, and
and Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2488
Jennifer J. Dorsch / Jorge I. Mora
Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2643
Niall T. Prendergast / Timothy D. Girard / Nathan E. Brummel
152 Ethics and Palliative Care in Critical Care Units.. . . . . . . . . 2659
Management and Therapeutic
SECTION 17 Joshua B. Kayser / Horace M. DeLisser
Interventions
xi
xiii
xiv
CONTRIBUTORS
Assistant Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine of Lerner College of Medicine of Case
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Western Reserve University
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic
Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio
Chapter 70 Chapter 109
Laurie L. Carr, MD David C. Christiani, MD, MPH, MS
Associate Professor of Medicine Elkan Blout Professor of Environmental Genetics
Division of Oncology Department of Environmental Health
National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Denver, Colorado Professor of Medicine
Chapter 114 Harvard Medical School
Physician, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division
Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, MD, MSc
Department of Medicine
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of
Massachusetts General Hospital
Medicine and Science
Boston, Massachusetts
Consultant, Department of Medicine
Chapter 88
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic
Phoenix, Arizona Jason D. Christie, MD, MSCE
Chapter 74 Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care
David M. Center, MD
Department of Medicine
Gordon and Ruth Snider Professor of Pulmonary Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Associate Provost for Translational Research
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Professor of Medicine
Chapter 141
Department of Medicine
Boston University Geoffrey L. Chupp, MD
Chief, Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine Professor of Medicine
Boston Medical Center Yale School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts Director, Yale Center for Asthma and Airway Disease
Chapter 20 Director, Pulmonary Function Laboratory, Yale New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut
Georgios Chamilos, MD
Chapters 43 and 46
Professor of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine Andrew Churg, MD, PhD
School of Medicine, Stavrakia, Voutes Professor of Pathology, University of British Columbia Pathologist
University of Crete Heraklion Vancouver General Hospital
Crete, Greece Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Chapter 132 Chapter 37
Giuliana Cerro Chiang, MD Brian J. Clark, MD
Fellow in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine Assistant Professor, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Department of Medicine Yale School of Medicine
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center New Haven, Connecticut
Los Angeles, California VA Connecticut Healthcare System
Chapter 54 West Haven, Connecticut
Chapter 71
Edward S. Chen, MD
Assistant Professor Lauren Cohn, MD
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Associate Professor
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary,
Attending Physician, Department of Medicine Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
Johns Hopkins Hospital VA Connecticut Healthcare System
Baltimore, Maryland West Haven, Connecticut
Chapter 53 Chapters 23 and 71
James A. Chenoweth, MD, MAS Gregory P. Cosgrove, MD
Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine Associate Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Medicine
University of California, Davis Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
Sacramento, California University of Colorado—Anschutz Medical Campus
Veterans Administration Northern Denver, Colorado
Department of Medicine California Health Care System Chapter 58
Mather, California
Gerard Joseph Criner, MD
Chapter 66
Chair and Professor of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery
Asha N. Chesnutt, MD Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery
The Oregon Clinic Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Portland, Oregon Chapter 84
Chapter 140
Megan Rose Curtis, MD, MS
Research Fellow, Harvard Medical School
Associate Physician, Division of Infectious Diseases,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Chapter 122
xv
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Fellow in Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine
Program Director, Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Director, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Clements University Hospital and New York University Grossman School of Medicine
UTSW Health Systems New York, New York
Department of Internal Medicine Chapter 105
Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine
Joshua M. Diamond, MD, MSCE
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Associate Professor of Medicine
Dallas, Texas
Department of Medicine
Chapter 136
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
Erin DeBiasi, MD University of Pennsylvania
Assistant Professor of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Department of Internal Medicine Chapter 121
Section of Pulmonary,
David M. DiBardino, MD
Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
Section of Interventional Pulmonology
New Haven, Connecticut
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care
Chapters 47 and 64
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Malcolm M. DeCamp, MD, FACS Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Professor and Chair, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Chapter 33
University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics
Burton F. Dickey, MD
Madison, Wisconsin
Clifton Howe Distinguished Professor of Pulmonary Medicine
Chapter 81
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Roy H. Decker, MD, PhD Houston, Texas
Professor, Department of Therapeutic Radiology Chapter 6
Yale School of Medicine
John D. Dickinson, MD, PhD
Radiation Oncologist
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Yale New Haven Hospital
Department of Internal Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Chapter 57
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Marc Decramer, MD, PhD Omaha, Nebraska
Emeritus Professor of Medicine Chapter 6
University of Leuven
Jennifer J. Dorsch, MD
Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE)
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA),
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
KU-Leuven
Division of Sleep Medicine,
Leuven, Belgium
The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Chapter 3
Associate Director, Sleep Non-Invasive Ventilation Program
Charles S. Dela Cruz, MD, PhD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Associate Professor of Medicine Chapter 142
Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Jonathan E. Dowell, MD
Associate Professor of Microbial Pathogenesis
Professor of Internal Medicine
Director, Center of Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment
Division of Hematology/Oncology
Yale School of Medicine
UT Southwestern
New Haven, Connecticut
Dallas, Texas
Chapters 19 and 108
Chapter 116
Horace M. DeLisser, MD
Mark T. Dransfield, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Professor of Medicine, Endowed Chair in Pulmonary Disease
Department of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
Associate Dean for Diversity and Inclusion
Lung Health Center
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Birmingham VA Medical Center
Chapters 105 and 152
Birmingham, Alabama
Bradley M. Dennis, MD Chapter 38
Associate Professor of Surgery
Benjamin J. Drapkin, MD, PhD
Division of Acute Care Surgery,
Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Division of Hematology/Oncology
Trauma Medical Director, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
UT Southwestern
Associate Chief of Staff, Vanderbilt University Hospital
Dallas, Texas
Nashville, Tennessee
Chapter 116
Chapter 104
M. Bradley Drummond, MD, MHS
Jessy Deshane, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Associate Professor
Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
Attending Physician
University of Alabama at Birmingham
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical Center
Birmingham, Alabama
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapter 25
Chapter 40
xvi
CONTRIBUTORS
Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine
Mayo Clinic Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
Rochester, Minnesota Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
Chapter 97 Lebanon, New Hampshire
Chapter 76
Daniel G. Dunlap, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Thomas W. Ferkol, MD
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Alexis F. Hartmann M.D. Professor of Pediatrics
University of Pittsburgh Department of Pediatrics
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Professor, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
Chapter 34 Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis Children’s Hospital
Ghassan El-Haddad, MD
St. Louis, Missouri
Section Head, Radionuclide Therapy Program
Chapter 6
Associate Member, Interventional Radiology
Associate Member, Cancer Physiology Timothy M. Fernandes, MD, MPH
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine
Associate Professor of Radiology and Oncologic Sciences University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
University of South Florida Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Tampa, Florida La Jolla, California
Chapter 30 Chapter 73
Davide Elia, MD Barry G. Fields, MD, MSEd
Unità di Pneumologia e Terapia Semi-Intensiva Respiratoria Associate Professor of Medicine
Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ed Emodinamica Polmonare Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Ospedale San Giuseppe, MultiMedica IRCCS Emory University School of Medicine
Milano, Italy Sleep Physician, Sleep Medicine Center, Atlanta VA Health Care System
Chapter 59 Atlanta, Georgia
Chapter 98
Richard I. Enelow, MD
Professor of Medicine, and of Microbiology and Immunology Michael C. Fishbein, MD
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Distinguished Professor of Pathology and Medicine
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Lebanon, New Hampshire David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Chapter 56 Ronald Reagan Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
Kyle B. Enfield, MD, MS
Chapter 68
Associate Professor of Medicine
Section Chief, Critical Care Christopher Gange, MD
Department of Medicine Assistant Professor, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Yale University School of Medicine
University of Virginia School of Medicine Thoracic Radiologist
Associate Chief Medical Officer for Critical Care UVA Health Yale New Haven Hospital
Charlottesville, Virginia New Haven, Connecticut
Chapter 127 Chapter 63
Perenlei Enkhbaatar, MD, PhD, FAHA David E. Gerber, MD
Professor, Department of Anesthesiology David Bruton, Jr. Professorship in Clinical Cancer Research
Director, Translational Intensive Care Unit Departments of Internal Medicine and Population and Data Sciences
Charles Robert Allen Professor in Anesthesiology Division of Hematology/Oncology
The University of Texas Medical Branch UT Southwestern
Galveston, Texas Dallas, Texas
Chapter 93 Chapter 116
Gary R. Epler, MD Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez, PhD
Clinical Associate Professor Professor at University of Leuven
Harvard Medical School Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE)
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA),
Brigham and Women’s Hospital KU-Leuven
Boston, Massachusetts Leuven, Belgium
Chapter 49 Chapter 3
Rodolfo A. Estrada, MD Subha Ghosh, MD, MBA
Assistant Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor, Lerner College of Medicine of Case
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Western Reserve University
UT Health San Antonio/University of Texas Health Science Staff Physician
Center San Antonio Imaging Institute, Section of Thoracic Imaging
San Antonio, Texas Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Chapter 79 Cleveland, Ohio
Chapter 105
Peter F. Fedullo, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine Timothy D. Girard, MD, MSCI, ATSF
University of California San Diego Health Associate Professor of Critical Care Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department of Critical Care Medicine
San Diego, California University of Pittsburgh
Chapter 73 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Chapter 151
xvii
xviii
CONTRIBUTORS
Professor of Pathology Professor
Yale University School of Medicine Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences
New Haven, Connecticut University of Washington
Chapter 63 Medicine, and Epidemiology
Seattle, Washington
Gary B. Huffnagle
Chapter 89
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Joshua B. Kayser, MD, MPH, MBE, FCCM
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Professor of Clinical Medicine and Medical Ethics & Health Policy
University of Michigan Medical Center Department of Medicine
Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Medical Ethics & Health Policy
Chapter 120 Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Rocio M. Hurtado, MD
Chapter 152
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Director, Mycobacterial Center, Division of Infectious Diseases Michael P. Keane, MD, FRCP, FRCPI
Massachusetts General Hospital Professor of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts Dean and Head of School of Medicine
Chapter 131 University College Dublin
Consultant Respiratory Physician
Louise C. Ivers, MD, MPH
St. Vincent’s University Hospital
Professor of Medicine, Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine,
Dublin, Ireland
Harvard Medical School
Chapter 24
Director, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts Andrea Kelly, MD MSCE
Chapter 135 Attending Physician, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Karen R. Jacobson, MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics
Associate Professor of Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Section of Infectious Diseases
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center
Chapter 48
Boston, Massachusetts
Chapter 130 Jeffrey A. Kern, MD
Professor of Medicine
Frank J. Jacono, MD
National Jewish Health
Virginia Hubbell Chair in Pulmonary and Critical Care and Tenured
University of Colorado, Denver
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Oncology Division
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Vice-Chair, Department of Medicine
Division Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine
National Jewish Health
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Denver, Colorado
Cleveland VA Medical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Health System
Chapter 107
Cleveland, Ohio
Chapter 11 Nick H. Kim, MD
Professor of Medicine
Tulip Ajit Jhaveri, MBBS
Section Chief, Pulmonary Vascular Medicine
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Mississippi
Medical Director, Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy Program
School of Medicine
Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Attending Physician, Division of Infectious Diseases,
University of California San Diego
University of Mississippi Medical Center
La Jolla, California
Jackson, Mississippi
Chapter 72
Chapter 122
Corrine R. Kliment, MD, PhD
David H. Johnson, MD
Assistant Professor
R. Ellwood Jones, M.D. Distinguished Professorship in Clinical Education
Department of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
Division of Hematology/Oncology
University of Pittsburgh
UT Southwestern
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Chapter 116
Chapter 18
Austin J. Jolly
Robert A. Klocke, MD
MD/PhD Student, Department of Medicine
Emeritus Professor of Chairperson
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Department of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Chapter 90
University at Buffalo
Christopher M. Kapp, MD Buffalo, New York
Clinical Instructor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chapters 15 and 16
University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
Marin H. Kollef, MD
Interventional Pulmonologist and Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine
Director, Critical Care Research
Physician, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital
Director, Respiratory Care Services Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Chicago, Illinois
Virginia E. and Sam J. Golman Chair in Respiratory
Chapter 76
Intensive Care Medicine
Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Chapter 129
xix
Frances King Black Endowed Professor, Infectious Diseases Professor of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy
Deputy Head Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
Division of Internal Medicine Research Group for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center KU-Leuven
Adj Professor Baylor College of Medicine Respiratory Rehabilitation and Respiratory Division
Adj Professor University of Houston University Hospital Leuven
Houston, Texas Leuven, Belgium
Chapter 132 Chapter 3
Robert M. Kotloff, MD Kathleen A. Lee-Sarwar, MD, MS
Craig and Elaine Dobbin/Nancy P. Blumenthal Instructor, Harvard Medical School
Professor of Advanced Lung Disease Physician, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Boston, Massachusetts
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 44
Chapters 94 and 103
Andrew T. Levinson, MD, MPH
Darrell N. Kotton, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Clinician Educator
David C. Seldin Professor of Medicine Program Director, Critical Care Medicine Fellowship
The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Boston University School of Medicine Department of Medicine
Director, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston Miriam Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital
University and Boston Medical Center Providence, Rhode Island
Attending Physician Chapter 96
Department of Medicine
Erik E. Lewis, MD
Boston Medical Center
Fellow, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Wisconsin
Boston, Massachusetts
Hospitals and Clinics
Chapters 8 and 39
Madison, Wisconsin
Mary Elizabeth Kreider, MD, MSCE Chapter 81
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Howard Y. Li, MD
Vice Chief for Education and Faculty Development
Associate Professor
Fellowship Program Director
Department of Internal Medicine
Director, ILD Program
Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Virginia Commonwealth University
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Director, Lung Cancer Screening
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Medical Service
Chapter 86
Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Arnold S. Kristof, MDCM, FRCPC Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Associate Professor of Medicine Richmond, Virginia
Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Chapter 107
Diseases Program
Shu-Yi Liao, MD, MPH, MS, ScD
Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, McGill University
Department of Medicine
Montreal, Quebec
National Jewish Health
Chapter 60
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Meir Kryger, MD, FRCPC Department of Medicine
Professor, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Yale School of Medicine Physician
New Haven, Connecticut Department of Medicine
Chapters 47 and 101 Division of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences
National Jewish Health
Ricardo M. La Hoz, MD
Denver, Colorado
Director, Solid Organ Transplant Infectious Diseases
Chapter 88
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine Augusto A. Litonjua, MD, MPH
Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine
Dallas, Texas University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Chapter 136 Division Chief of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine
Physician, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children’s Hospital
James H. Laird, MD
Department of Medicine, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of
Resident Physician
Rochester Medical Center
Department of Therapeutic Radiology
Rochester, New York
Yale School of Medicine
Chapter 44
Resident Physician
Yale New Haven Hospital Leslie A. Litzky, MD
New Haven, Connecticut Professor, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Chapter 57 Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Chief of Surgical and Medical Pathology
Subspecialty Director, Thoracic Pathology
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapters 78 and 111
xx
CONTRIBUTORS
Program Director Resident Physician, Department of Medicine
Division of Lung Diseases New York University Grossman School of Medicine
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Resident Physician, Department of Medicine
National Institutes of Health New York University Langone Health
Bethesda, Maryland New York, New York
Chapter 4 Chapter 78
Natalie S. Lui, MD Patrick Mangialardi, DO
Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery Senior Fellow, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute Department of Internal Medicine
Stanford, California Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Chapter 82 University of California, Davis, Sacramento
Veterans Administration Northern California Health Care System
Joseph P. Lynch, III, MD, FCCP, FERS
Department of Medicine
Holt and Jo Hickman Endowed Chair of Advanced Lung Disease and
Mather, California
Lung Transplantation
Chapter 66
Distinguished Professor of Clinical Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nathaniel Marchetti, DO
Clinical Immunology, and Allergy Professor of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery
Los Angeles, California Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Chapter 68 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 84
Kevin C. Ma, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Paul E. Marik, MD, FCCP, FCCM
Section of Interventional Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology Professor, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Department of Internal Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Eastern Virginia Medical School
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Norfolk, Virginia
Chapter 77 Chapter 69
Roberto F. Machado, MD Fernando J. Martinez, MD, MS
Dr. Calvin H. English Professor of Medicine Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medine
Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Joan and Sanford Weill Department of Medicine
Occupational Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine
Department of Medicine NY Presbyterian Hospital
Indiana University New York, New York
Indianapolis, Indiana Chapter 50
Chapter 95 Fiore Mastroianni, MD
Mitchell Machtay, MD Attending Intensivist and Pulmonologist
Professor of Radiation Oncology Department of Intensive Care and Pulmonary Medicine
Department of Radiation Oncology Mather Hospital
Penn State University College of Medicine and Cancer Institute Northwell Health
Hershey, Pennsylvania Port Jefferson, New York
Chapter 115 Chapter 29
Atul Malhotra, MD Aditi Mathur, MD
Peter C. Farrell Presidential Chair and Tenured Professor of Medicine Attending Pulmonary Physician
University of California San Diego Summit Health, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine Hackensack University Medical Center
La Jolla, California Montclair, New Jersey
Chapter 10 Chapter 52
Joshua Malo, MD Michael A. Matthay, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Clinical Scholar Professor, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia
Associate Director, Internal Medicine Residency Senior Associate Cardiovascular Research Institute
Program—Tucson Campus University of California San Francisco
Tucson, Arizona Associate Director, Critical Care Medicine
Chapter 133 University of California, San Francisco Medical Center
San Francisco, California
Scott Manaker, MD, PhD Chapter 140
Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Daniel N. Maxwell, MD
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Fellow of Infectious Disease and Critical Care, UT Southwestern
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Fellow of Infectious Disease and Critical Care
Chapter 144 Parkland Hospital, Clements Hospital, North Texas VA Hospital
Dallas, Texas
Jess Mandel, MD, MACP, ATSF Chapter 137
Kenneth M. Moser Professor of Medicine
Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Paul H. Mayo, MD, FAACP
Vice-Chair for Education, Department of Internal Medicine Professor of Clinical Medicine at the Donald and
UC San Diego School of Medicine Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
La Jolla, California Academic Director of Critical Care
Chapter 72 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Department of Medicine
Northwell Health
New Hyde Park, New York
Chapter 29
xxi
xxii
CONTRIBUTORS
Associate Professor Assistant Professor, Department of Therapeutic Radiology
Research DART Leader, Multiple Myeloma and Gammopathies Program Yale School of Medicine
Section of Hematology Radiation Oncologist
Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center Yale New Haven Hospital
Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven, Connecticut Chapter 57
Chapter 63
John E. Parker, MD
Nikolaus C. Netzer, MD, PhD Professor of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Prof. Prof.(Hon)/Director Hermann Buhl Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Department of Medicine
Medicine Research West Virginia University
University Innsbruck Morgantown, West Virginia
Innsbruck, Austria Chapter 87
Scientific Medical Director, Terra X Cube
Nicholas J. Pastis, MD
Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine
Professor of Medicine
Eurac Research
Director of Interventional Pulmonology
Bozen, Italy
Interventional Pulmonology Fellowship Program Director
Chapter 91
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
Michael S. Niederman, MD, MACP, FCCP, FCCM, FERS Columbus, Ohio
Professor of Clinical Medicine Chapter 118
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Susheel P. Patil, MD, PhD
New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
Weill Cornell Medical College
Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
New York, New York
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Chapter 125
Cleveland, Ohio
Paul W. Noble, MD Chapter 100
Professor of Medicine and Chair, Department of Medicine
Tyler J. Peck, MD
Vera and Paul Guerin Family Distinguished Chair in Pulmonary Medicine
Instructor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Medical Director, Women’s Guild Lung Institute
Physician, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
Boston, Massachusetts
Chapter 54
Chapter 75
Eliezer Zachary Nussbaum
Jay I. Peters, MD
Fellow in infectious diseases
Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Department of infectious disease
UT Health San Antonio/University of Texas Health Science Center San
Massachusetts General Hospital
Antonio and the South Texas Veterans Health Care System
Boston, Massachusetts
San Antonio, Texas
Chapter 134
Chapter 79
Matthias Ochs, MD
Steve G. Peters, MD
Professor and Chair, Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité—
Professor of Medicine
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine
Chapter 2
Mayo Clinic
Philip G. Ong, MD Rochester, Minnesota
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Chapter 94
UT Health San Antonio/University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
Sara Piciucchi, MD
San Antonio, Texas
Team Leader of Thoracic Radiology and Consultant
Chapter 79
Department of Radiology
David E. Ost, MD, MPH Ospedale GB Morgagni
Professor of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine Forlì, Italy
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Chapter 119
Houston, Texas
Grace W. Pien, MD, MSCE
Chapter 110
Program Director, Sleep Medicine Fellowship Program
Gustavo Pacheco-Rodriguez, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine
Staff Scientist, Pulmonary Branch Pulmonary and Critical Care Division
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
National Institutes of Health Baltimore, Maryland
Bethesda, Maryland Chapter 98
Chapter 62
Gerald B. Pier, PhD
Allan I. Pack, MBChB, PhD Professor of Medicine (Microbiology and Immunology)
John Miclot Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Division of Sleep Medicine Senior Investigator, Department of Medicine
Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Boston, Massachusetts
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 124
Chapters 10 and 12
xxiii
xxiv
Hän tunsi rakastavansa tyttöä, mutta toisin kuin olisi tahtonut. Eikö
hän voisi koskaan rakastaa oikein, rakastaa sielua, ihmistä, eikä
ruumista.
Hän oli varma siitä, että tyttö rakasti häntä niinkuin tyttö ensi
kerran vain voi rakastaa. Tyttö oli sanonut sen ja hänen kirkkaissa
silmissään oli ollut kyynelhuntuinen loiste.
Hannes tunsi selvästi, että jos hän nyt sortuisi, ei hän kehtaisi eikä
voisi katsoa tyttöä enää kertaakaan silmiin. Ja sitä hän ei tahtonut.
Vaikkapa hänen täytyisi jättää tyttö, hänen pitäisi saada katsoa
rehellisesti tyttöä silmiin.
— Enhän voi muutakaan tällä kertaa. Jos vain voit odottaa, niin
minä tulen kerran, ehkäpä piankin luoksesi, puhui poika.
— No, siitä ei puhuta. Jos sinä vain odotat, etkä kättä toiselle
käppää.
— Nyt hyvästi, oma tyttö! Sinä et saa tulla enää. Tiedät, että on
vain vaikeampi minunkin erota. Odota, pian minä tulen.
Mikä risahti?
*****
*****
Mutta jos kerran hän jaksoi, niin miksei tyttökin. Olihan hän
kokonaan toisessa asemassa kuin mies, joka ponnisteli tulevan
polven elämää silmällä pitäen.
— Mistä?
Miehet tulistuivat.
Insinööri naurahti.