#2 Building Technology 2: Wood, Steel

and Concrete (1-Storey)

FLEX Course Material

Understand policies, class
rules, rating system, course
requirements, course
syllabus and outputs
Understand Floor Plan(s) WEEK 2:
Building
design as part of
Architectural, Structural,
Plumbing, and Electrical

Envelope;
Working Drawings

Floor, Ceiling
and Walls
Building, Enclosures, Means of Support ,
Envelope, Elements of Interior, Services

Ar. Emmarie Rose C. Josue, uap

BUILDING

• Allow unimpeded human activity irrespective of the conditions of the

natural environment
• BUILDING = Enclosure + Services
ENCLOSURE
Means of containment and articulation of
habitable space, selected and assembled to
resist and/or control effects of:
• Factors of environment external to such means of
containment and/or factors of the environment
thus contained
• Forces acting upon and forces developing within
such means of containment
While maintaining its internal shape and integrity
under all possible combinations of such factors
and forces.

• Solar Radiation
• Rain/Snow
• Wind
• Heat
• Moisture
• Gravity Loads
• Lateral Loads
• Expansion/Contraction
ENCLOSURE

ENCLOSURE = Means of Support +

Envelope +
Elements of Interior
Means of Support • Superimposed
to maintain any enclosure in the shape intended • Internal
while resisting all external and internal forces
acting upon such enclosure, and transmitting all • Wind Loads
such forces to the ground
• Seismic Loads
• Expansion/Con
traction

• Solar Radiation
Envelope
to separate environment internal to the enclosure • Moisture:
from that external to it while acting as barrier and/or Rain/Snow
selective filter to all external or internal
environmental factors acting upon such envelope • Water Vapor
• Heat Flow
• Sound
• Light/Vision
• Air Movement

Elements of Interior • Ceilings

to articulate, define, separate, or connect space or • Floors
spaces within the enclosure while resisting any
environmental factors and/or forces acting upon them, • Partitions
and transmitting all such forces to means of support
• Means of
Circulation/
Conveyance
SERVICES
Means of maintaining the • Air Conditioning
environment internal to • Power and Light
the means of containment • Water Supply
at:
• Waste Disposal
• Comfort and convenience
• Safety/Security
levels acceptable to the
occupants • Communications
• Safety levels required by • Services
the occupants
 Forces

Gravity Loads
• Load transferred continuously
• Point transfer of loads – simply
supported
• Point transfer of loads outward thrust
at supports
• Continuous transfer of loads –
outward thrust at foundation

• Wind/Seismic Loads
Wind Pressure (Positive and Negative)
Deflection/Displacement
Forces
• Expansion/
Contraction
Environmental Factors
• Heat

• Moisture
Environmental Factors
• Sound

• Fire
Means of Support

Columns and Girders

• Solid Web: beams
(structural steel, solid or
laminated wood,
reinforced concrete)
• Open Web (trusses of
various materials –
structural steel, wood)
 Means of Support
Columns and
Girders/Bearing Walls

Curved Girder
• Rigid Frame (pitched or
curved such as trusses with
pitched or curved top chords
supported on columns)
• Curved in different
configurations, with the
girder and columns being
combined in one element -
arches)
Means of Support
Curved Deck
• Curved surface monolithic
deck, structural
membrane or
shell
• Curvature (barrel arches,
domes, cones, hyperbolic
paraboloids
Means of Support

Point Supported
• Flat monolithic deck (two way
slab – flat plate)
• Flexible membranes (tensile:
nonprestressed)

Air Pressure
• Air Supported: interior is
pressurized to
counteract gravity load
• Air Inflated: pressurized
air entrapped in
membrane
ENVELOPE

Envelope of an enclosure – a continuous air and

watertight barrier to separate the contained
environment from that external to it
Barrier/Envelope – roof assembly /wall assemblies
• Roof and Walls Separate
• Roof and Walls Combined
Envelope may be:
• Flexible fabric membrane functioning as a complete
structure
• Flexible roof assembly and rigid wall assemblies
• Rigid roof and wall assemblies or components selected
to resist/control environmental factors

• Roof and Walls Separate

• Roof and Walls Combined
ENVELOPE

Roofs
• Roofing Deck: decking and framing combined
Means of Support:
▪ columns
▪ bearing walls

Roofs
• Roofing Decking + Framing = Deck
Means of Support:
• girders and columns
• bearing walls
ENVELOPE
Roofs
• Roofing Decking + Framing = Deck
Means of Support:
• girders and columns
• bearing walls
Walls
BEARING WALLS – walls
carrying superimposed
gravity loads in addition to
their own weight
• Roof Deck
• Floor Deck
• Interior Facing (maybe
optional)
• Exterior Facing (maybe
optional)
• Foundation/Ground
NONBEARING WALLS – walls
not carrying superimposed
gravity loads in addition to
their own weight
• Roof Deck
• Floor Deck
• Interior Facing (maybe
optional)
• Exterior Facing (maybe
optional)
• Foundation/Ground
ENVELOPE

Curtain – nonbearing
walls secured to and
supported by the
structural frame of
an enclosure
Grid Type:
vertical and
horizontal framing
members supported
by floor or roof
assemblies
Wall Panel
Type: prefabricated
panels spanning
between floor and
roof or between
floors
Roof Deck
Optional Interior Facing
Floor Deck
Wall Panels
Grid System: mullions,
rails, infill panels
Foundation/Ground
ENVELOPE

Grid Type: vertical and Wall Panel Type: prefabricated

horizontal framing members panels spanning between floor
supported by floor or roof and roof or between
assemblies

Faced Curtain
• Roof Deck
• Optional Interior Facing
• Floor Deck
• Exterior Facing
• Back-up Wall
• Foundation/Ground
ELEMENTS OF INTERIOR SPACE
FLOORS – flat, horizontal surfaces
Floor assemblies commonly include:
• Flooring: resist the effects of traffic over the surface of
the floor deck
• Deck: framing + decking separate or framing/decking
combined
• Flooring
• Deck on Grade
ELEMENTS OF INTERIOR SPACE
CEILINGS – nonstructural components of an enclosure,
depending on their support on floor or roof
assemblies
• Visual screens and/or functional separation between
an inhabited space and the underside of a floor or
roof assembly above
• Integral components of floor or roof assemblies
ELEMENTS OF INTERIOR SPACE
PARTITIONS
• Fixed
• Relocatable
• Operable
• Supported on
• Suspended from floor or
roof assemblies
ELEMENTS OF INTERIOR SPACE
MEANS OF CIRCULATION
• Ladders
• Stairs
• Escalators
• Elevators
• Dumbwaiters
• Conveyors
• Moving sidewalks
SERVICES
AIR CONDITIONING
• Waste Heat to Atmosphere (cooling tower)
• Exhaust
• Distribution System (supply and return)
• Heating/Cooling/Filtering Equipment

WATER/WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
• Storm Drainage
• Potable Water Supply (to plumbing fixtures,
equipment, sprinklers)
• Wastewater Disposal
SERVICES
POWER/LIGHTING/COMMUNICATIONS
• Lighting System
• Communication System
• Electric Power Service and Distribution System

SAFETY/SECURITY SYSTEMS
• Fire Detection
• Fire Extinguishing
• Forced Entry Detection
• Surveillance
THANK YOU!

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