Name with Signature: Aldrin Daniel G.

Mendoza
Course yr. & Section: BET-CpET-2C
Date: October 13, 2022
Teacher: Ms. Mary Jane Concepcion

Assignment 2
Include the assignment questions.
Research the following:
1. Digital Logic Families
2. Classification of Logic Families.
3. Characteristics of Logic Families.

1. Digital Logic Families – a family of logic gates that uses passive components such as diodes,
resistors, transistors, etc.

2. Classification of Logic Families

- There are different kinds of logic families that uses different component patterns. The
mentioned below are the following :

 Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL) - a logic circuit that is one of the basics. It

emphasizes the principle of NOT Gate.
 Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL) - more efficient than RTL due to its improved margin
and fan-out. It demonstrates the function of a NAND Gate.
 Transistor-Transistor Logic(TTL) – a NAND Gate logic circuit that can perform a
high-speed operation unlike RTL and DTL. With the help of its bipolar transistors,
this achieves switching and maintain logic states.
 High Threshold Logic(HTL) – a circuit logic that uses Zener diode to create large
counterbalance between 1 and 0 states. It usually uses a 15V power supply since
there’s a high differential intended to minimize the level of noise.
 Direct-coupled Transistor Logic – similar to RTL but its transistor is connected in
series to the output collector without base resistors. This circuit logic uses fewer
components, more economical and easily fabricated into IC unlike RTL gates.
  Emitter coupled logic (ECL) - also known as the current mode logic, is the fastest
operation of all digital logic families. With its low consumption of voltage, transistors
are prevented from entering the saturation region. This type of logic gate is usually
applied to ASLT circuits.
 N-channel metal oxide conductor(NMOS) – a normally open state logic where it
operates an inversion process in a circuit.
 P-channel metal oxide conductor(PMOS) – same function as the NMOS but it uses a
different mode of conduction. At this phase, output PMOS devices turns on when it
receives negative voltage.
 Complementary MOS – a combination of NMOS and PMOS devices. Its principles
imply an inversion of transistors where if one is turned on, the other type of
transistor is turned off which depends on the outcome of its truth table. Overall, it
emphasizes switching of transistors.

3. Characteristics of Logic Families

 Propagation Delay – shows the time interval between the input pulse and the
occurrence of the input. The lower the time delay, the faster the IC operates.
 Fan in and Fan Out – In Fan in, this represents what of number inputs existed in the
digital logic family. On the other hand, Fan out is a measure of maximum input which
the output can feed without interference with the circuit operations.
 Noise immunity – an ability of a logic device to tolerate noise.
 Noise margin – represents the limit of a logic device can hold to function properly.
 Figure of Merit – this measures the overall performance of the circuit.

References

https://www.electrically4u.com/classification-and-characteristics-of-digital-logic-family/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-coupled_transistor_logic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Threshold_Logic#:~:text=HTL%20incorporates%20Zener
%20diodes%20to,minimize%20the%20effect%20of%20noise.

http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/webproj/212_spring_2015/Tim_Slauson/tim_slauson/nmos.html

http://mpithathras.in/files/2020-05-03doc_37516.pdf