Factors Affecting the Accessible Electrical Installation and

Maintenance Instructional Materials for EIM 12 Students

Researcher:

1. Kristhian Jake Tizon

2. Zairel Kert Balco
3. Arnold Bayocboc
4. John Paul Anala
5. Jimmy Condae
6. Jhoncel Halop
7. Jhon Kiben Devilleres
8. Jewel Galanan
9. Ruben Landiao
10. Leofel Opoc
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The ultimate goal of vocational technical education relevant to themselves but to the
society. Stated that the acquisition of life-long practical skills calls for effective and efficient
teaching materials, tools, machines and equipment to ensure the productions of desired graduates
with practical skills. Other requirements include training manuals and availability of qualified
teachers with experiences.

The students who undergo training in Electrical Installation understanding in diverse

skills in the trades as expected to posses’ skills for design, development, production, excellence
in installation of electrical management and utilization of trending machines and equipment,
maintain nerve electrical/electronic devices and circuits.

The acquisition of skills especially electrical installation and maintenance trades would
undoubtedly leaded to job creation and self-reliance as lack of employment is a evidence of
unsaleable skills possessed by technical college graduates. This study was conduct and
determined the electrical Installation and Maintenance skills of the students. Learning is the
process of acquisition of knowledge (practical and theoretical) which is education. Okoro (2008)
remarked that product of technical institutions do not have the knowledge and skills that will
enable them to take up the available jobs. Moreover, he asserted that technical course are the
principal vocational institutions in Kalian National High School which is designed to prepare the
individual to acquire practical skills, knowledge, and aptitude required of technicians at sub-
professional level. This implies correctly that technical course are designed to give full craft man
training intended to prepare youths for entry into various occupations of their interest. Among
the occupations that youths are given training in the technical college include Electrical
Installation (repair, maintenance, and installation). In the same vein, Nwachukwu Bakare and
Jika (2011) submit that technical with the relevant and adequate knowledge skills and attribute
for employment under the guidelines of a teacher in related occupations. The place of skills
acquisition in technical education cannot be over-emphasized and to achieve these objectives too
many trades are learnt in technical course. The main purpose of this study is to determine the
academic performance and the electrical installation and maintenance skills of the student in
KNHS 11. In the same manner, this determines the factors affecting skill acquisition with an end
goal of enhancing these skills.

Statement of the Problem:

This study attempted to focus on the factors affecting the accessible electrical installation and
maintenance instructional materials for EIM students in Kalian National High School, Kalian
Margosatubig. Zamboanga Del Sur.

1. What are the factors affecting the accessible electrical installation and maintenance
instructional materials for EIM students?

2. Instructional materials for EIM students in terms of:

 Electrical wires
 Switches (Single Pole and 3-way Switch)
 Lights (Bulbs)
 Tools (Pliers, Screwdriver, etc.)

3. What factors are affecting the skill acquisition by students?

4. Is there a significant relationship between academic performance and skills acquired by the
students?

5. What plan of action was be proposed to enhance the level of the electrical skills of EIM
students?

Significance of the study

The study focused on level of electrical skill of grade 11 EIM students. Through this study, the
following would be benefitted:

To the students, it would help them to enhance their electrical skills so, they can be prepared for
their future job after graduation. To the teachers, it would help them to know the level of the
skills of their students so they can think a technique to improve the skills and help the students to
improve them self. To the parents, it would help them to guide their children in terms of
improving their skills in electrical so they can help to find a job that suits on them. To the future
researchers, it would help them to have information about the level of electrical skills of the
students, so it would help them in terms of information that the study would provide.

Scope, Limitation and Delimitation

This study highlights the level of electrical skills of 37 Grade 12 EIM Student of KNHS 1 for
the year 2018-2019.Further, the researchers delimited the domains of EIM strand. It did not
include to the other strand since the skills to be assessed are specialized in Electrical Installation
and Maintenance. Only four sections of EIM 12 students were include in the study. The study
was based only on the responses of the respondents, thus, their honesty in answering affected the
result.

Definition of terms:

To better understand the study, the following

Terms were defined conceptually and operationally.

Academic Performance- This refers to the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has
achieved their short or long termed educational goals, commutative SPA and completion
educational benchmark such as secondary school diplomas and bachelor’s degrees represented
academic achievement. This study, this refers to the grades of the students in EIM subject.

Electrical-This refers to devices, materials, tools, and the things that related to electricity.
Electricity is an energy that flow into the wires and going to the load to work. Electricity can
conduct a heat to while performing to and need a good bind from source to load to work. This
study was utilized the electrical skills to determine the level of the student’s skills in EIM.

Skill-this refers to the ability to do something well: expertise (difficult work, talking great skill),
a particular ability to one’s knowledge affectively and readily in execution or performance. In
this study, this refers to the acquired competencies of the students in EIM.

Factor-factor is the ability of affecting the skill acquisition to decrease or increase the ability to
do the task easily or badly. Factor is effective to gain the skill and to make a powerful.
Electrical Installation and Maintenance- It is one of the strands offered in K-12. In this study,
this refers to the major subject of specialization of EIM students’ where acquire skills, academic
performance, and factors affecting skills acquisition would be demonstrated in this study to claim
that the students were needed more elaboration or visual, deep understanding, and mostly, the
actual performing or hands-on activities to know what is EIM for. In addition, for major tutor
like teachers and professors will take an advantage while teaching to their learners.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This research study presents a brief but concise review of related and studies. This also
includes the ideas, generalizations on conclusion, methodologies and possible solutions to
research problems. This section helps in familiarizing information that is relevant and similar to
the present day.

Conceptual Literature

This study investigates factors affecting the accessibility of electrical installation and
maintenance instructional materials for EIM 12 students at Kalian National High School who are
pursuing Technical Vocational and Livelihood in their laboratory classes.

Academic performance

In the student’s academic performance cannot determined the student’s skill level just
because they got either a highest performance or lowest performance in the EIM records, it’s
depending on how they doing their activities on hands-on and hand written. In actual performing,
more performance and experience in electrical can revealed and why the students’ skill has a
level.

Technical colleges are designed to prepare students to obtain the practical skills,
fundamental scientific knowledge, and attitudes required of subprofessional artisans and
technicians. They are in charge of producing craftspeople, according to Bakare (2016).
According to Abdullahi (2015), vocational institutions in Nigeria provide comprehensive
instruction for a variety of occupations, including operatives, artisans, and craftsmen. Electrical
Installation and Maintenance Work Practice graduates should have the necessary skills to install,
maintain, wind, test, and repair electrical machines.
 The home environment also affects the academic performance of students. Educated
parents can provide such an environment that suits best for academic success of their children.
The school authorities can provide counseling and guidance to parents for creating positive home
environment for improvement in students’ quality of work (Marzano, 2003).

Students’ perceptions of teacher support have a direct effect on their interest and
motivation (Wentzel, 1998), and teachers’ expectation of student achievement (which has an
affective component) influence the way they behave toward their students and thus can affect
students’ motivation, self-perceptions, and academic performance (Jussim & Harber, 2005).

The academic performance of students heavily depends upon the parental involvement in
their academic activities to attain the higher level of quality in academic success (Barnard, 2004;
Henderson, 1088; Shumox & Lomax, 2001).

Research findings have also shown that a continued effort of parental involvement
throughout the child’s education can improve academic achievement (Driessen, Smith &
Sleegens, 2005; Fan, 2001; Hong & Ho, 2005).

Academic failure has been linked with risk behaviors and negative outcomes such as;
substance abuse, delinquency, and emotional and behavioral problems (Annuziata, Houge, Faw
and Liddle, 2006).

According to study of Delos Santos (2010), there are factors which affects the academic
performance of TVL students, profile of the student, age, gender, occupation of parent and their
educational attainment are variables that contribute to the performance of the student parental the
student. Other variables are attitude of the student’s parental support to the student and their
performance.

Skills. Electrical Installation and maintenance practice is one of the trades that exposes of
the students to skills. It is the most important to the students to expose them to the activities with
skills that required to make the future job easily and flexible to any kind of work. Using advance
skill in activities can enhance of the student’s memory to easy reveal and solve the problem that
they understand in the previous activities that students do in their school activities.
 According to Croft, Terrel (1915), Electrical Installation and Maintenance practice is a
program introduced by way of practical exercise, the maintenance of electrical system and
circuit, electrical installation. Inspection and test procedure. National Board of Technical
Education (NBTE) (2004) Electrical craftsmen are expected to test, diagnose, service, install and
completely repair any fault on electrical machines and equipment using manufacture’s manual.
In the report of NBTE (2004), the aim of Electrical Installation and Maintenance practice is to
give training and impart the necessary skills leading to the production of craftsmen, technicians
and other killed personnel who will be enterprising and self-reliant. Improvement is the process
of making something better than before.

In the study about Theory of educational Productivity by Walberg (1981), he determined

three groups of nine factors based on effective, cognitive and behavioral skills for optimization
of learning that affect the quality of academic performance: Aptitude (ability, development and
motivation); instruction (amount of quality); environment (home, classroom, peers and
television) (Roberts, 2007).

According to Olaitan, Amusa and Azouze (2010), is the ability or condition for becoming
better than before. Improvement in this study is a process of helping graduates of technical
Colleges in Rivers State acquire higher proficiency level and work skills in Electrical Installation
and Maintenance practice for greater efficiency. For work to be, done requires energy and skills.

According to Michael (2004), is an individual’s capability to control elements of

behavior, thinking and feeling within specified context and within particular task domains.

According to Garduque (2012), in his study stated that learning theories were not enough
we need to have skills to do things. Those skills are technical skills and livelihood program,
which may help the student to graduates to become skilled workers of future.

An electrician is a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings, transmission

lines, stationary machines, and related equipment. Electricians maybe employ in the installation
of new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure.
Electricians may also specialize in wiring ships, airplanes, and other mobile platforms, as well as
data and cable lines.

Skills in Electrical Installation and Maintenance

 Although this career route may be attractive to many people, there are some electrical
technician requirements that cannot taught in a classroom or during an apprenticeship. It is
important to consider whether you have the following skills necessary to be good at the job,
otherwise your safety of those around you may be in Jeopardy:

Mechanical aptitude is a skill that can diagnose the mechanism of something like relay and
magnetic contactor. Mechanical aptitude is also important being engineer because it can solve
the mechanical problems with or without electrical equipment.

Problem-solving skills. Diagnosing and repairing electrical problems is a large part of a

technician’s job. Once the apprenticeship is over. You will be largely on your own to respond to
issues and find their solution. Understanding and overall electrical problem and investigating
ways to fix it is a critical component of this job. Learning how to identify the relative strengths
and weaknesses of alternative solutions to problem is another vital skill for a successful career as
an electrical technician.

Mechanical ability is a skill or a knowledge where the person can perform in a

mechanical equipment and tools that using in work as well.

Electrical wiring is a skill of a person where he/she can follow the given diagram to do in
a circuit to work. Wiring ability can be learned by yourself as an engineer or being electrician or
not.

Diagram understanding is an ability of a person to read the given diagram and diagnose
the future problem of a circuit by reading the diagram. Understanding is ability of a person to
read and understand the given diagram or a written work.

Ability to work at heights is a skill of a person to work in a higher place like in the top of
a building to figure out of the problem or to installing something. A person with fear of heights
cannot perform the over the top of a building, they only can do is to work at the ground.

Aptitude in mathematics is an ability of a person to solve mathematics problem such as

voltage to current or current to ohm. Numerical aptitude indicates that a person has strengths
related to numbers and math. Using this information, a career counselor or trainer can help an
individual to find jobs that fit or suit to his/her particular skill set.
 Ability to plan and organize is an ability to manage and easily found what you hid or to
know. A knowledge to make decision to something. It is also a great skill for all to create an
idea, to understand, and to think before to move.

Bending in applied mechanics, bending characterize the behavior of an external structure

element subjected to an external load applied perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the
elements. Bending is an availability of a structural element to be a flexible and create another
axis in the structural perform. The importance of the bending is to redirect like metals, glass,
PVC, etc. to other direction. To bend the structure, heating the part of the structure were the bend
will happen then after a few heat bend can perform as well, or bending can perform just to bend
the other side of the structure while the other side can’t/unable to move or etc.

Installing data cable is an ability or a skill of a person to connect the wires in the given port in
diagram such an Ethernet data cable or antenna cable to given port that written in a diagram.

On the architecture and interior design student-learning contract, a student's skill level is
determined by the examiner's identifying at which level a student is engaging in the task or topic
area. This reflects the fact that design professionals of all experience level in the same type of
activities, such as programing or drawing construction documents-but depending on their
experience level, they engaged in this activity in different ways.

The student begins with the fundamentals of electricity and wiring of simple circuits, then,
progresses to residential interior wiring, three-phase alternating current power, and wiring of
more complex circuits and equipment. Safety is stress as an integral part of each shop task.
Emphasis is located in wiring in accordance with the provisions contained in the National
Electrical Code.

Factors affecting skills acquisition

Parental involvement in a child’s education along with environmental and economic factors may
affect child development in areas such as cognition, language, and social skills. Numerous
studies in this area have demonstrated the importance of family interaction and involvement in
the years prior to entering school (Bergsten, 1998; Hill, 2001; Wynn, 2002).
Probuch & Rangenam (1984) found that factors affecting intelligence were genetic socio-
economic environment, nutritional and psychological. Any of these factors in any combination
may affect intellectual development the relative contributions of genetic factors is 80% as against
environmental factors being 20% Farely and Rosnow (1975), studied the responsible factors for
schooling. The responsible factors for schooling were found to be, to learn, to prepare for later
life and the future and to get the job.

Research literature

This aspect of the study shows the different studies; both local and foreign which are relevant to
the present study.

Students are individuals who play a key role in producing graduates who have high technical
skills uplift the name of the university in the field of electrical and maintenance. Most students
do not associate the work with curriculum requirements contained in school. They only learn
what teachers say and only enshrined in the syllabus. Only a handful of students who think and
explore existing knowledge to make themselves conversant with learning something either
theoretically or practically. Thus, there are three factors to the attention of researchers associated
with the relationship between students and skills. These factors are the methods, procedures and
techniques to aspects of technical skill itself. As a result of these things, the study should be
conducted to determine the level of readiness of students of the polytechnic technical skills
include methods, procedures and techniques for forming workability and the existence of
different levels of readiness among male and female before stepping into the field of work.

According to Kumazhege et al. (2014), he concludes that there are some factors which affect the
academic and technical skills of the learner. According to the perception of their technical
teacher’s Adamawa Nigeria. They suggest that their government must give their students
adequate facilities, laboratories and develop the teacher-training program of technical teachers.

According to Camarao (1998), defined technology education as those educational or learning

activities created to develop simultaneously the technical skills and academic standard of the
student.
Samartha and Begum (2014), the stress is unavoidable in any occupation and banking in no
exception this study found the factors such as performance, inadequate planning at workplace,
change to adaptability.

Synthesis.

The research literature was composed of different studies, which are relevant to the study. Those
important details were taken mainly from published and unpublished theses and research journals
that provide the researchers a better understanding of their study.

Electrical Installation and Maintenance is one of the Vocational Courses under the K-12. An
electrician is a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings, transmission lines,
stationary machines, and related equipment. Electricians can be employed in the installation of
new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure.[1]
Electricians may also specialize in wiring ships, airplanes, and other mobile platforms, as well as
data and cable lines.

Kenya Technical Training College (KTTC) started later. It trained teachers for technical and
vocational skills to be taught in secondary schools. Jomo Kenyatta College of Agriculture and
Technology was founded. In 1988, it was upgraded to a university college offering agriculture
and engineering. A polytechnic training youths in vocational skills was opened in Eldoret before
the end of 1987. However, these colleges were for those who passed secondary education.

Charlton and David (1990), point out that one of the most important factors that influence
academic outcome is a positive attitudinal approach to pupil’s performance rather than a negative
attitudinal imposition of punishment for poor result. When trainers reward good performance of
their students, they continue to do well. However, punishment imposed on learners because of
poor performance is a sign of negative attitude and exposes learners to continue performing
poorly.

Summary
Student are individuals who play role key in producing graduates who have high technical skills
uplift the name of the university is the field of electrical and maintenance. The students need
more advantage to do something in the field of EIM. The student who undergoes in college with
the skill of EIM can take it to his/her entire life for better future of the students who need
attention for their skills. The factors that affecting the skills acquisition are very important to
know to avoid misunderstanding and conflicts in their future job. The attitude of the learner can
affect too in the skills of the students. Therefore, after being student, the attitude cannot provide
a perfect understanding about the problem and the result is lack of focus. Lack of focus cannot
give an idea to create something in the work. The reason is instead of thinking to how to solve
the problem, it thinks about another thing that did not connect to the problem. In the future, the
skills and performance of the student can approve by itself because of creating an idea or the
experience of him/his. Similarities of the EIM in other strand, the EIM skills and knowledge are
complicated in the field of electricity. Wiring, problem solving is the skills that can apply in
other strand that have similarities in how you would do. The differences of the EIM to other
strands.

Researchers determine broad patterns that will allow them to conduct more granular research and
analysis.

Methodological Limitation

While conducting this study, the researcher encountered some weaknesses. Most notably,
the small number of participants meant that one has to be cautious in generalizing from the
findings. When doing any type of research, it is beneficial to carry out the research on a larger
and more in-depth scale in order to allow a more comprehensive analysis of the study. However,
the use of structured open-ended interviews proved very useful in gaining in-depth and
meaningful data from the respondents.

Another limitation relates to researcher bias which is always a risk in any type of research
study, more so, the less structured the data is. The researcher of this study tried to be aware of
and to be vigilant of researcher bias. Although it is impossible to eliminate research bias, the
researcher is confident to have achieved valid findings, which can be used for larger populations.
Moreover, it could be argued that the type of data collected leave more room for interpretation
than for instance numeric data would.
 Chapter 3

Methodology

The study used a simple survey research approach. Best (2017) describes survey design
as using a questionnaire to gather opinions, preferences, attitudes, and perceptions about a
subject. Theian design was chosen for this study because it may solicit feedback from Electrical
Installation and Maintenance Work Trade (EIMW) teachers at technical colleges throughout
Niger state.

Research Design

The study was carried out in Kalian National High School. The targeted population for
this study comprised of 37 respondents from the Electrical Installation and Maintenance Work
teachers and students. A study sample of thirty-seven (37) students and fifteen (15) students
selected by stratified random sampling techniques from the selected area of study that consisted
of three technical colleges in Niger state.

Schools Number of Teachers No. of Students

1. Kalian National High School 1 37

The factors that affect the level of skills about electrical installation and maintenance
include the promotion of entrepreneurship education, the effectiveness of instructional of
instructional learning materials, the availability of practical training devices.

Respondents of the study

 The current study employed the theian sampling method, a sort of sampling technique
used to approach the targeted responders. Which is the grade12 students of Kalian National High
School.

Bibliography

Bajet, Jr., M. A., & Bajet, N. A. (2014). Development of domestic refrigerator trainer: An

instructional material for beginner technician. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, 16(1),

82-99. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v16i1.272

Bajet, Jr., M. A., Hidalgo, R. C., & Bajet, N. A. (2015). Design and development of
electric motor

controller trainer: An instructional device. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, 20(1), 55-

67. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v20i1.319

Goal 4: Quality education. (2018, February 2). Sustainable Development Goals

Fund. https://www.sdgfund.org/es/node/227

Input-process-Output model. (2016, January 26).

Psychology. https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/papers/input-process-output-model/

Monitoring of the Philippine Department of Education’s model senior high school

program. (2020,

October 23). SEAMEO INNOTECH.

https://www.seameoinnotech.org/portfolio_page/monitoring-of-the-philippine-department-of-
educationsmodel-senior-high-school-program/

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority. (2015) Training Regulations for
Electrical
 Installation and Maintenance NC 2.

https://www.tesda.gov.ph/Download/Training_Regulations

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority. (2013). Policy Review.

http://www.tesda.gov.ph

UNESCO-UNEVOC (2004). Technical and Vocational Education and Training for

Sustainable

Development: An Annotated Bibliography of Research and Related Literature (1998 -

2004). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000148001