COMMUNITY - The word community was derived from the Latin word communis, which

means “common” or “shared”

- a group of people living in the same place or having particular characteristics in common.
COMMUNITY ACTIONS - Any activity that aims to increase the understanding,
engagement and empowerment of communities
Role of the Community
The role of the community includes the following:
1. community consultation
2. joint planning
3. joint design
4. joint delivery
5. community-led activities.
IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING COMMUNITY
1. It motivates people to work together – people feel a sense of community and recognize
the benefits of their involvement.
2. It encourages social, religious, or traditional obligations for mutual help.
3. People see a genuine opportunity to better their own lives and for the community.
4. It understands policies promoting community participation that values social capital.
5. Community participation could be understood as the direct involvement of citizenry in
the affairs of planning, governance, and overall development programs at local or
grassroot levels.
3-key points in grasping the Community Actions
1. Understanding – raise an awareness
2. Engagement – Once issues are assessed properly
3. Empowerment – enable the people to independently decide, plan-out and take action
COMMUNITY DYNAMICS - The changes in the community brought about by social, cultural
and environmental experiences.
1.THE SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
Social Science is an umbrella term for various fields of study which examines social relations
and human society.
Anthropology – This field examines the various aspects of humans, such as their biology,
behavior, culture and social interactions.
Economics - This field studies the production, allocation and consumption of goods and
services.
Political Science - The field encompasses the various ways and means of allocating power,
influence, decision-making.
Psychology - This discipline studies the human mind, brain, and social behavior.
Sociology - This field is the study of society, social order, social interactions, and culture.
2.INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Communities have a mechanism for coordinating values, goals and actions of its individual
members.
Institutions – are established rules that ensure the regular and predictable behavior of actors
within a community.
3.Categories of Institutions
➢ Formal Institutions – Explicitly communicated, embodied in legally codified documents
or artifacts.
➢ Informal Institutions – Are practices norms, traditions, culture, conduct and belief
system of a community.
4.CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE
This perspective views society as a community of citizens linked by common interests and
collective activity.
5.LOCAL AND GRASSROOTS PERSPECTIVES
This perspective highlights volunteerism.
COMMUNITY STRUCRURE – proper way to investigate how a community is Organized
COMMUNITY SOCIAL STRUCTURE – rules and expectations that people develop in the
community
ELEMENTS OF CULTURAL STRUCTURE

1. Symbols – shared words, gestures, objects or signals

2. Language – a symbolic system that allows people to develop complex thoughts
3. Norm – refers to specific cultural expectation on how to behave in a given situation.
4. Values – the abstract standards in a community
5. Beliefs – shared ideas of what is held collectively true by people in a community.
 6. Rituals – established sacred or secular procedures and ceremonies
7. Artifacts – any objects or things that have special meaning
COMMUNITY POLITICAL STRUCTURE - It refers to the people’s established ways
allocating power and making Decisions
➢ ELEMENTS OF CULTURAL STRUCTURE
1. Political Organization – pertains either to political parties or political groups
2. Citizenship norms – a shared set of expectations
3. Power relations – pertains to how different groups in the community interact
4. Leadership structure – composition of recognized leaders in the Community
COMMUNITY ECONOMIC STRUCTURE -It pertains to various organized ways
➢ ELEMENTS OF ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
1. Capital Assets – a property or anything that is owned and has an economic value
COMMUNITY DYNAMICS – changes that occur in the community
COMMUNITY POWER STRUCTURE – hierarchical interrelationships that govern the
Interaction of individuals.
Formal power structure – They are appointed based on qualifications, attitude and most
Often, through the votes of the residents.
Informal power structure – people who are appointed because of their ability
To lead, direct or achieve without an official leadership title.
COMMUNITY THROUGH ITS PROCESS
A leader is an important figure in the community. Leaders must possess important
Characteristics such as:
1. Effective Communication – an open communication is highly recommended for Leaders
and their constituents.
2. Development of Social Capital Building – developing a resilient capital is among the
Most important contributors.
3. Community Engagement – it is important to encourage young leaders to participate
4. Collaboration – leaders should learn to “build bridges” and develop networks among
community leaders.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNITIES
URBAN COMMUNITIES – cities of big towns (large, highly dense,)
RURAL COMMUNITIES – territorial areas or villages
SUB URBAN COMMUNITIES – residential or mixed
RANGE OF COMMUNITY
LOCAL COMMUNITY – Geographically bounded community
GLOBAL COMMUNITY - characterizes the interconnectivity of people
TYPES OF COMMUNITY SECTORS
PUBLIC SECTORS
• denotes government and agencies
• responsible for promoting common goods
• maintaining peace order
PRIVATE SECTOR
• businesses or enterprise
• promotes economic growth
• responsible for producing goods or services
VOLUNTARY SECTOR
• non profit organization
• civil society organizations
BENEFIT SECTOR
• benefit corporations
• merger of found private and public sectors
• integrates social and environment aims
SOCIAL SPACE
• Various forms of spaces by community
• Either geographical or virtual community
GEOGRAPHICAL BASED COMMUNITY – public parks, club, gymnasium
VIRTUAL COMMUNITY – electronic hubs or forums where people use the internet and other
social outlets/platform.

San Nicolas