Engineering Physics Numericals

OPTICS:

Geometrical Optics.

1. Two thin convex lenses having focal lengths 0.05m and 0.02m are coaxial and separated by a
distance 0.03m. Find the equivalent focal length and the positions of principal points. [F=0.025m,
β= -0.015m, α=0.0375m.]
2. A lens combination consists of two lenses of focal length 20cm and -10cm separated by a distance of
8cm. An object 2cm high is placed at a distance of 40cm from the convex lens. Find the equivalent
focal length, Cardinal Points,magnification and size of image. [ F= -100cm, α= 80cm, β= 40cm,
m=4/11, I=8/11]
3. Show that minimum distance between an object and its real image in a convex lens is four times the
focal length of the lens.[x2≥4f].
4. calculate the focal length of a lens of dispersive power 0.031 which should be placed in contact with
a convex lens of focal length 0.88m and dispersive power 0.022 to make the combination
achromatic.[f2= -1.24m]
5. An achromatic doublet doublet of a convex lens and a concave lens of focal length 0.30m is to be
formed out of flint and crown glass whose dispersive powers are 0.03 and 0.02 respectively.
Calculate the focal length of two lenses. [F1= -0.15m, F2= 0.10m]
6. The mean refractive indices of two specimens of glass are 1.52 and 1.66 respectively, the difference
in indices for the same two lines of the spectrum are 0.013 for the first lens and 0.022 for the second.
Find the focal length of a lens of the second glass which when combined with a convex lens of 0.5m
focal length will make an object glass achromatic for these two lines.[F2= 0.667m]

INTERFERENCE.
1. When a thin soap film of refractive index 1.33 is seen by normally reflected light of sodium of
wavelength 5893A0, it appears black. Find the minimum thickness of the film.[t=0.2215µm]
2. What should be the thickness of a non reflecting layer to be deposited on glass surface corresponding
to wavelength 6000A0? Refractive index of the layer is 1.35. [t=1.11x 10-7m]
3. A parallel beam of light strikes an oil film (µ=1.40) floating on surface of water (µ=1.33). when
viewed at an angle of 300 from the normal sixth dark fringe is seen. Find the thickness of the film,
wavelength of light is 5890A0. [t=1.35 x 10-6m]
4. A soap film of refractive index 1.333 is illuminated by white light incident at an angle of 45 0. The
light refracted by it is examined by a spectroscope and two consecutive bright bands are focussed
corresponding to wavelength 6.1x10-5cm and 6.0x10-5cm. Find the thickness of the film. [t=1.62x10-
4
mm]
5. when a wedge shaped air film is viewed by a monochromatic source of light incident normally, the
interference fringes 4mm apart are observed. If the air space is filled with water(µ=1.33), how far
apart will the fringes be observed? [β=3mm]
6. Newton's rings are observed in reflected light of wavelength 5.9x10-7m. The diameter of 10th dark
ring is 0.5cm. Find the radius of curvature of the lens and thickness of the air film. [R=106cm, t=
2.95x10-6m]
7. In newton,s ring experiment a source is emitting two wavelengths 6000A0 and 5900A0. It is foubd
that nth dark ring due to one wavelength coincides with (n+1)th dark ring due to other. Find the
diameter of the nth dark ring if radius of curvature of the lens is 0.9m. [Dn= 1.13x10-2m]
 DIFFRACTION

1. A SINGLE SLIT OF WIDTH 1MM IS ILLUMINATED BY LIGHT OF WAVELENGTH 589nm.

Find the angular spread of the central maximum of diffraction pattern. [0.06740]
2. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed after a slit of width 0.6mm. if a plane wave of
wavelength 6000 A0 falls on slit normally, calculate the second minima on either side of central
maximum. [0.004m]
3. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 5000 A0 is incident normally on a narrow slit of width o.2
mm, the fraunhoffer diffraction pattern is observed on a screen which is placed at focal plane of
convex lens of focal length 50 cm. calculate the distance between first two minima and maxima on
the screen, [ 0.125x 10-3 m, 0.128x10-3m]
4. Light of wavelength 6oonm is incident normally on a slit of width 0-.1mm. what is the intensity at
θ=0.20 . [0.27 I0]
5. A diffraction grating used at normal incidence gives a line 5400 A0 in certain order superimposed on
another line 4050 A0 of the next higher order . if the angle of diffraction is 300, how many lines/cm
are there on the grating? [3086/cm]
6. In a second order spectrum of a plane diffraction grating a certain spectral line appears at an angle of
100 while another line of wavelength 0.5x10-10m greater appears at an angle 3 second greater. Find
the wavelength of the lines and the minimum grating width required to resolve them. [ 6057.77 A 0,
6058.27 A0, 4.228 cm]
7. A plane transmitting grating has 1500 lines / inch. Find the angle of separation of 5016A0 and 5048
A0 in second order spectrum . find the dispersive power for average wavelength and minimum no.
oh lines required to resole the above lines in second order. [ 0.27 0,D.P=?, 79]
8. Two spectral lines with average wavelength 6000A0 are resolved in second order by a grating having
500 lines per cm. the least width of the grating is 2cm. find the difference in wavelength of the lines.
[ 3A0]
POLARIZATION
1. Determine the brewsters angle for glass of refractive inde 1.5 immersed in water of refractive index
1.33. [ 48.50]
2. Two nicol prisms are arranged that the amount of light transmitted through themis maximum. What
will be the percentage reduction in the intensity of the incident light when analyzer is rotated through
i) 300 ii) 450 iii) 600 iv) 900.[ 25, 50,75, 100]
3. Two Polaroids are adjusted so as to obtain maximum intensity. Through what angle should one
Polaroid be rotated to reduce the intensity to i) half ii) one fourth. [ 450 , 600]
4. Plane polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light after passing through a crystal. What
is the minimum thickness of the crystal if the difference in refractive index of the two rays in the
crystal is 0.005 and wavelength of light is 6000A0. [ 3x10-5m]
5. Calculate the thickness of the doubly refracting crystal to introduce a path difference of half of
wavelength between o-ray and E- ray when λ= 5893 A0, µ0=1.5442, µe = 1.5533 { 3.238x10-5 m]
6. A mass of 80 gms of sugar dissolved in one litre of water contained in a tube of length 20cm cause
an optical rotation of 120 . what mass oh sugar should be dissolved in water so that it would cause an
optical rotation of 240 with length of tube 30 cm. [ 213.3 gm]
 optical fiber
1. Calculate the numerical aperture, acceptance angle and the critical angle of a fiber having core
refractive index 1.50 and the cladding refractive index of 1.33. [ NA= 0.387, i= 22.78, C=75.20]
2. An optical fiber has refractive index of core is 1.5 and the cladding is doped to give a fractional
refractive index change of 5x10-4. Determine i) cladding index ii) critical internal reflection angle
iii) external acceptance angle and iv)Numerical aperture. [ n 2=1.493, C= 88.20, i=1120,
NA= 0.0474]
3. An optical fiber has a NA of 0.20 and cladding refractive index 1.59. Determine the acceptance
angle for the fiber in water having refractive index of 1.33. [i=80]
4. A certain optical fiber has an attenuation of 3.5dB/km at 850nm. If 0.5mW of optical power is
initially launched with fiber, calculate the power level after 4Km? [ 19.9 µW].
5. A step index fiber is made with a core of index 1.52 with diameter 29µm and fractional refractive
index change 0.007. It is operated at a wavelength of 1.3µm, Find the V-number. [ 4.049]

MECHANICAL OSCILLATION.

1. A uniform circular disc of radius R ocsillates in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis. Find the
distance of the axis of rotation from the centre for which time period is minimum. What is the value
of this period. [K=R/21/2, T=2π(1.414R/g)1/2]. lly, calculate for ring.
2. A solid sphere of radius 0.3m executes torsional oscillation of time period 2π√ 12 sec at the end of a
suspension wire whose upper end is fixed in a rigid support. If the torsional constant of the wire be
6x10-3N-m/radian. Calculate the mass of the sphere.
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A
(a) circular disk about an axis throubh its centre and perpendicular to its plane=MR2/2
(b) About its diameter=MR2/4
(c) Ring about an axis throubh its centre and perpendicular to its plane Sphere= MR2
(d) About diameter= MR2/2
(e) Solid Sphere about a diameter=2MR2/5
(f) Solid Sphere about a tangent=7MR2/5
(g) Uniform rod about an axis through its centre and perpendicular to its length=ML2/12
(h) Uniform rod about an axis through one end of the rod and perpendicular to its length=ML2/3.
3. A 750gm block oscillates on the end of a spring whose force constant is K=56N/m. The object
moves in a medium having damping constant b=0.162Ns/m. Calculate the time period of motion.
[T=0.73sec]
4. A simple pendulum has a period of 1 sec and an amplitude of 100. After 10 complete oscillations its
amplitude is reduced to 50. What is the relaxation of the pendulum and quality factor? [Trex= 14.428
sec, Q= 45.33]
5. Show that fractional change in the natural frequency of a damped harmonic oscillator is 1/(8Q 2),
where Q is quality factor.
6. If the relaxation time of a damped oscillatoe is 50sec, find the time for which (a) the amplitude falls
to 1/e times the initial value (b) energy falls to 1/e4 times the initial value. [ (a)t=100sec,(b) t=
200sec.]
7. A harmonic oscillator consisting of a 50 gm mass attached to a massless spring has a quality factor
200. If it oscillates with an amplitude of 2 cm in resonance with a periodic force of frequency 20 HZ,
calculate (a) the average energy stored in it and (b) the rate of dissipation of energy. [ (a)= 1.58x10 6
ergs, (b)= 106 erg/sec.]
 Acoustic

1. A room has dimension 6x4x5 m. calculate (a) the mean free path (b) relaxation time and (c) the no.
of reflections made per second by sound waves with the walls of the room. Assuming velocity of
sound in air is 350 m/sec. [λ= 3.24 m, Trex= 0.0092 sec and n= 108/sec]
2. The time of reverberation of an empty hall is 1.5 sec. with 500 audiences present in the hall, the
reverberation time falls to 1.4 sec. Find the no. of persons present in the hall if the reverberation time
falls down to 1.312 sec. [ 960]
3. The volume of a room is 600 m3 and wall area of the room is 220 m 2, the floor area is 120 m2, the
ceiling area is 120 m2. Given average coefficient of absorption i) for walls=0.03 ii) for ceiling is 0.80
and iii) for floor=0.06. Calculate the average absorption coefficient and reverberation time. [ A ab=
0.24 , Trev= 0.86sec]
4. How much acoustic power enters the window of area 1.58 m 2, the standard intensity level is 10 -16
W/cm2. The window opens on a street where the street noise results in an intensity level at the
window of 60 dB. [ 1.6x10-6 Watt]

ELECRIC FIELD AND POTENTIAL

1. What is the magnitude od electric field at the point (3,2) m if the electric potential is given by V=
(2x+5xy+3y2) Volt. What acceleration does an electron ezperiences in X- direction. [29.55V,
2.11x1012 m/s2 ] .
2. A particle of charge –q and mass m is placed midway between two equal positive charge q0 , of
separation d, If the negative charge –q is placed in perpendicular direction to the line joining them
and released, show that the particle describes SHM with a time period
T=[ ε0mπ3d3/qq0]1/2

6 A plasticrod contains uniformly distributed charge –q. The rod has been bent in 1200 circular arc
of radius r as shown in fig, Show that the electric field intensity at the centre of the bent rod is , E=
{0.83q /4πε0r2}.

3. A water molecule has electric dipole moment 7.1x10-30 c-m .If the molecule is placed in
an electric field of 2.5x104 N/C, find the maximum torque and work done to turn this
molecule end for end in this field. [1.78x10-25 Nm, 3.36x10-25J]
4. if two similar balls of mass m are hung from® a silk threads of length l and carry similar
charges. Assuming Ɵ is very small. Show that the separation of the ball is
 X= [q2l/2ε0πmg]1/3.

CAPACITOR
1. A potential difference of 200 V is applied across the two plates of a parallel plate capacitor. The area
of each plate is 100π cm2 and separation between the plates is 1mm. The space between the plates is
filled with a mica sheet having k=6. Calculate i) charge on each plate and ii) electric field intensity
within the sheets. [i) 3.34x10-7 C, ii) 2x105 V/m]
2. A 10µF capacitor charged to 100V is connected in parallel to an uncharged capacitor. After making
the connection the common voltage on the capacitor is found to be 30V. What is the capacitance of
the second capacitor? Also calculate net loss of energy during the process of connection. [C 2=
23.3µF, Eloss=3.5x10-2 J.]
3. A cylindrical capacitor has radii a and b. S how that half the stored electric potential energy lies with
a cylinder of radius r =√ ab .
4. A capacitor is discharged through a resistor R, i) after how many time constant does its charge fall to
half of its initial value? and ii) after how many time constants does the stored energy drop to half of
its initial value? [ i) 0.69 Tc ii) 0.35 Tc ]
5. A parallel plate capacitor of plate area 115 cm 2 and separation 1.24 cm is charged by a potential
difference 85.5 V. The battery is disconnected then a dielectric slab of dielectric constant 2.61 and
thickness 0.78mm is inserted between the plates.
i) Calculate the capacitance before the slab is inserted.
ii) Calculate the induced electric field.
iii) What is the capacitance when slab is inserted? [ i) 8.21pF ii) 2.64kN/m iii) 13.4 pF]
8 A parallel plate capacitor each of area 100 cm 2 has a potential difference of 50 V and capacitance
100µF. if a mica of dielectric constant 5.4 is inserted between plates. Find the magnitude of
(A)electric field in mica (b) Displacement vector and (c) polarization vector. [1.04x10 4 V/m, 5x10-7
c/m2, 4.1x10-7c/m2.]

ELECTROMAGNETISM
1. In a certain cyclotron, a proton moves in a circle of radius 0.5 m.The magnitude of the magnetic
field is 1.2 T. Calculate the frequency of oscillator and kinetic energy of proton. [1.83x107 HZ,
1.73x107 eV]
2. A long solenoid with 15 turns per cm has a small loop of area 2 cm2 placed inside normal to the axis
of solenoid. If the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from 2A to 4A in 0.1 second.
Calculate the induced voltage in the loop at that interval of time. [-7.5x10-6 V]
3. A solenoid 1.3m long and 2.6m in diameter carries a current of 18 A. The magnetic field inside the
solenoid is 23mT. Find the length of the wire forming the solenoid. Also calculate the inductance of
the solenoid.[ 108m, 8.7x10-7 H]
4. Calculate the self inductance of toroid having internal radius 2 cm, external radius 4 cm with width
of the strip 3 mm.
5. Calculate the time in which the decaying and growing current reaches to half of the maximum
current in LR circuit having resistance 500 Ω and inductance 30 mH. Also calculate the relaxation
time for both cases.
6. Calculate the condition and time in which the potential difference across resistor is equal to the
potential difference across inductor.
7. The change of electric field in a capacitor having radius 3 cm is 1.2x1012 V/m-s. Calculate the (a)
Displacement current (b) Displacement current density and (c) induced magnetic fieldat (a) 1 cm (b0
5 cm from centre.

Electromagnetic Wave:
1. If the intensity of sunlight is 1.4KW/m2. Calculate the maximum and rms Electric and Magnetic
field.
2. The maximum electric field 10 m from an isotropic point source of light is 5 V/m. calculate the
maximum value of magnetic field, intensity and the power of the source.
3. Calculate the magnitude of pointing vector and amplitude of electric and magnetic fields at a
distance of 10 cm from a radio station which has radiating power of 105 W uniformly over a
hemisphere with radio station as centre.
4. The intensity of direct sun light on a point on the surface of the earth is 0.78KW/m2. Calculate the
average momentum density and average momentum flow rate in the sun light.
5. What is the radiation pressure 1.5 m away from a 500W light bulb? Assuming that the surface is (a)
perfectly absorbing (b) Perfectly reflector.
6. A laser emits at power 5mW and wavelength 633nm. The laser beam is focused until its diameter
matches the 1266 nm diameter of a sphere placed in its path. The sphere is perfectly absorbing and
has density 5x103 kg/m3. Calculate (a) intensity of beam at sphere’s location, (b) radiation pressure
on the sphere , (c) the magnitude of the corresponding force and (d) the magnitude of the
corresponding force alone would give the sphere?

Quantum Mechanics
1. An electron and proton is accelerated by 10eV. Calculate De-Broglie wavelengths. Also calculate
matter wavelengths when an electron and proton is accelerated by 70KeV.
2. Calculate the expectation value of energy and momentum por a particle confined in the well.
3. If the radius of nucleus of Al is 10fm. Calculate the minimum kinetic energy of proton.
4. Calculate the wavelength of radiation required to jump an electron from ground state to 2 nd excited
state in an one dimensional infinitely deep potential well of width 10 A0.
5. Calculate the transmission coefficient for electron beam having energy 10eV incident on a potential
barrier of height 12eV and width 10A0. Similarly Calculate for proton in same case.