A Final Thesis

College of Criminology
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA

SSS Campus, Rainbow St. Conception Uno, Marikina City
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Fires occur when a flammable and/or combustible substance with an enough supply
of 16% oxygen or another oxidizer with a 21% oxygen levels is exposed to sufficient heat.
Fire has numerous purposes, such as providing a means of livelihood for humans, but if
left unattended, it may be causing a hazardous with tragic outcomes. Fire accidents there
will constantly be a reason and some common factors behind every fire. People's
carelessness, negligence, or even ignorance is to blame for the epidemic. Fire destroys
human life and property gained through patient struggle and pain.
According to Facilities Net (2019), every industrial and commercial facility's each
day operations include a comprehensive fire protection program. The aims of fire-
prevention measures include preventing loss of life, property damage, and downtime in the
utilization of a structure. Fires often disrupt company activity, cause the destruction of
corporate data, reduce employee work hours, and result in tort claims due to the spread of
fire to nearby properties. Fire-prevention elements should provide life safety and property
protection depending on the building's construction type or contents, as well as the tenancy
kind and quantity of residents. Fire prevention is the obligation of the property's owner,
management, and tenants. It is divided into three sections: fire prevention, fire safety
education, and fire protection and life safety systems.
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Fire Inspector strategies have an emphasis on actions aimed to preventing a fire
from starting. Managers and their teams can work together to attain this aim. Keep smoking
materials and open flames under control. Keep flammable and combustible liquids in a
secure location. Make proper use of electrical equipment. Buy fire-resistant furniture,
decorations, and interior treatments. Keep commercial kitchen exhaust systems in good
working order. Certain dangers must be avoided. Fire safety education, people must
understand fire and its consequences in order to prevent it. Instructional programs may
assist children in identifying and discussing flames as well as extinguishing strategies.
Building occupants can also assist identify and fix fire dangers, design building and office
evacuation routes, choose and utilize fire extinguishers, and inspect for fire. A manager is
in charge of the ongoing education required to instill fire-prevention practices among
building tenants. It is vital to increase tenant engagement in a fire prevention program.
Management can urge renters to participate by contacting local fire officials, informing
occupants about previous fires that show the need to participate, arranging prize draws for
participants, scheduling evacuation drills at a good season, and giving refreshments.
Background of the Study
The government appointed the Department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG) to mandate local governments to hold and participate in events in their cities in
observation of Fire Prevention. On January 29, 1991, the DILG founded the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP), the agency currently responsible for Fire Prevention. In general, they are
responsible for preventing and suppressing all kinds of destructive fires,
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investigating their causes, enforcing fire-related laws, and providing emergency medical
and rescue services (Beldad, 2022).
In the Philippines the Bureau of Fire Protection is an agency of the Department of
Interior and Local Government (DILG) responsible for implementing national policies
related to Firefighting and Protection as well as implementation of the Philippine Fire Code
(PD 1185), which was repealed and replaced by the New Fire Code of the Philippines (RA
9514). Formerly known as the Constabulary Fire Protection Bureau, the BFP is in charge
of the administration and management of municipal and city fire and emergency services
all over the country.
With the abovementioned points, the researchers are inclined to determine and
assess the Fire Prevention program implemented for the safety of civilians and to furtherly
know how the Bureau of Fire Protection intervention schemes on the implementation of
fire safety. This research will investigate the extent to which the Fire Prevention Programs
of the Bureau of Fire Protection Marikina City Fire Station focus on Fire Safety evaluation
and inspection, Fire Safety Inspection Certificate, and Fire Safety for Hazardous Materials.
It also looks for factors that influence the implementation of the Bureau of Fire Protection
Marikina City's Fire Prevention Programs.
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Review of Related Literature and Study
This chapter includes review literature of both local and international and the study of
significant as the character reference of assessing the level of awareness in Marikina areas for fire
prevention program and intervention scheme.
Fire Prevention Program
According to Desapriya, et al., (2022), residential fires contribute significantly to
the morbidity and mortality associated with fire-related injuries, making them a serious
public health concern on a global scale. The effectiveness of residential fire prevention
strategies that are relevant to Indigenous communities was examined in this review, along
with the financial and human costs associated with fire incidents. Electronic databases like
Medline, Embase, Central, and the Web of Science Core Collection were searched for
studies on fire prevention interventions based on the 4Es of injury prevention approaches
that were released after 1990. (Education, Enforcement, Engineering, and Engagement).
Byun (2019), s t a t e d t h a t facility planning, is related to fire-fighting facilities,
evacuation routes, and evacuation stairs. The [Building Act] classifies residential welfare
facilities as "the aged and children." Article 15(6) of the [Act on Fire Prevention and
Installation, Maintenance, and Safety Control of Fire-Fighting Systems,2019] strengthens
firefighting facility standards for the installation of simple sprinkler facilities, automatic
re-detection facilities, and single-alarm detection facilities only for "the aged and children."
The research of Knuth et al. (2017), stated research mentioned the roles of perceived
preventive measure knowledge, the perceived effectiveness of these measures, and self-
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efficacy were investigated. Perceived knowledge was a significant predictor of all three
preparation variables in our models. They discovered a partial mediation of the impact of
perceived knowledge on the dependent variable fire extinguishers via perceived efficacy and
self-efficacy. Personal experience was shown to be strongly linked with the presence of
smoke detectors and fire extinguishers, but the presence of fire blankets was connected with
the perceived chance of a house fire. Overall, we discovered that several determinants of
individual disaster readiness are also major predictors of household fire preparedness,
while the relationships were less than predicted.
As stated by Bryant and Preston (2017), the goal of this report is not to prove
which factors are causally linked to the decrease in fire incidents and fire-related fatalities,
or what has driven specific types of fires, because this would be impossible in many cases.
For example, the overall decline in accidental dwelling fires where the source of ignition is
smokers' materials may be due to a combination of declining adult smoking prevalence,
improvements in flame retardant furniture, and changing attitudes toward safety as a result
of Fire Kills messaging.
As indicated in Bierman et. al (2022), governments have always needed to
demonstrate the value of public services, but current factors such as rising budgetary
pressures, the effects of an aging and growing population, and rising unit costs have made
this even more critical. Non-fire incidents are now taking up an increasing proportion of
the FRS workload, while activities aimed at preventing fires and protecting citizens and
property remain an important component of the services workload (Office of National
Statistics, 2019). The FRS has adapted its approach and prioritized how resources are used
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to address the risks that communities face, while still maintaining a critical capability to
respond to emergencies at both the local and national levels (Chief Fire Officers
Association, 2015).
As stated by Ahmed, et al. (2017), the study provides insight on the need of
addressing the fire problem comprehensively in order to prevent ignition that might lead to
runaway flames. It identifies hotspots that require immediate care to prevent flames from
spreading. The importance of grassroots community engagement cannot be emphasized.
The next phase of the study would be to test the model's applicability against losses that
occur on the ground in order to identify methods to address the wildfire problem.
According to Appleton, et al. (2019), these are critical research questions because
Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service (and other UK Fire and Rescue Services) are
experiencing ongoing budget cuts, necessitating a better understanding of the effectiveness
of current fire prevention activities in order for future fire prevention activities to be as
effective and efficient as possible given the decreasing level of funding available. The
primary goals for answering the research questions were to create a method for assessing
the effectiveness of fire and rescue service operations at two levels: overall operational
effectiveness and operational fire prevention.
Runefors, et al. (2021), the findings of their study clearly demonstrate the
importance of matching the appropriate intervention to sociodemographic parameters. The
best examples are the installation of safe cigarettes and a functional electrical system. It is
obvious that when offering interventions to a household, safe cigarettes may be quite
helpful in one household while having little effect in the non-smoking household. A
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functional electrical system, on the other hand, would most likely be very useful in
reducing the risk of a fatal fire in a nonsmoking home.
According to Ghosal, et al. (2020), planning for building and infrastructure is
necessary, and consideration for the use of particular materials in and around any location
is also necessary. Using flammable materials like plastic, oil-based paint, cotton, or storing
highly volatile substances appears to be a common cause in many cases. In their place, non-
flammable fabrics, paints, varnishes, and building materials such nanocomposite materials
should be utilized.
As indicated by Nazari et al., (2019), this study approach to fire safety is to detect
fires in their early stages in order to prevent them from spreading. To date, two meta-
analyses have compared smoke alarm coverage interventions to no interventions or to usual
care. A later network meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of smoke alarm interventions, but
compared several types of interventions and discovered that the most effective method was
the most intensive (includes education, low-cost equipment installation, and in-home safety
inspection). A 1999 review also looked at Home Fire Safety (HFS) knowledge and behavior
outcomes. The findings concluded that program evaluation is necessary, particularly for
school-based education programs.
According to Aquino et al. (2017), The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) of the
Philippines is a government agency tasked with putting out destructive fires, enforcing
relevant laws, and providing emergency medical and rescue services. However, in a
country prone to conflagration, such as the Philippines, the BFP faces an uphill battle in
carrying out its responsibilities. Ceballos and Villa contend.

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According to Ferrer (2021), the implementation of BFP Aparri fire station's fire
prevention programs in fire safety assessment and inspection and fire safety for hazardous
materials was excellent, as was the fire safety inspection certificate program. Some of the
occupancies in the aparri do not match the norms of the Philippine fire code. With this
situation in place, the occurrence of fires may increase in places or establishments that have
not received a fire safety
inspection certificate. The BFP Aparri fire station should monitor and visit non-compliant
occupancies in Aparri, Cagayan on a regular basis.
As stated by Ligan et al. (2021), on the study of Bureau of Fire Protection has
launched fire awareness campaigns throughout the country under the slogan "Ligtas Na
Pilipinas Ang Ating Hangad, Pag-Iingat Sa Sunog Sa SariliIpatupad" (We Aim for a Safe
Philippines, Observe Fire Safety). Aside from that, the BFP has programs and activities
aimed at reducing fire incidents in the country. They also have brochures that can help
prevent injuries and save lives (Philippine Primer, 2018). Similarly, the BFP has several
campaign activities for fire safety and prevention in Davao City. They have been
campaigning in public and private schools to raise student awareness, and fire drills have
concluded them (Opiana, 2017).
As stated by Ceballos and Villa (2020), the occurrence of fires is a major issue for
every local government unit in the Philippines. The two most serious consequences of fires
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are economic loss and loss of life. To mitigate these losses, proper planning and
implementation of control measures are required. Prediction of potential fire incidents is a
critical component of planning and control measures. This study is being carried out to
analyze historical data in order to develop a forecasting model for fire incidence in Davao
City. The analyses show that fire incidence has no trend or seasonality, and that fire
occurrences are neither consistently increasing nor decreasing over time.
As stated by De Leon and Miranda (2022), from a prior study that fire incidents
that occurred in Manila, Tondo and Sampaloc areas from 4 pm to 8 pm have the highest
fire incidents. This result doubles in the summer months when all cooling appliances are at
working their maximum. Most fire incidents are caused by faulty electrical connections,
unattended open flames and cigarette butts. These commonly happen in heavily-dense
population areas. fire occurrences usually start in informal settlements where most citizens
lack knowledge of fire prevention.
According to Umali (2021), the study's goal is to determine how well each building
at the Bulacan State University (BulSU) - Main Campus complies with the provisions of
the Philippine Fire Code. During site inspections of the campus' eighteen (18) buildings, it
was discovered that none of them were fully compliant with the code's requirements. To
collect data, the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) used a standard checklist and a survey
questionnaire filled out by members of the administration council as respondents. In order
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to investigate the qualitative aspect of the study, a structured interview with personnel from
various campus offices was conducted. Through the data collection procedures used, the
researcher was able to derive information that formed the basis for the conclusions and
recommendations for the action plan that would be proposed to the administration of
Bulacan State University.
In accordance to Caliston and Tabia (2021), this study Emergency response is the
phase of the disaster-management cycle that receives the most attention and resources is
emergency response. This project, titled "Help Me: An Emergency Response Mobile
Application," provides a quick response to accidents by tracking the users' location during
an emergency. The researchers interviewed the BFP about the most common types of
accidents in the municipality and the areas prone to accidents, and gathered ideas and
insights into the system's features and design. The study's target users are local government
personnel or people assigned to respond to an e-mail.
According to Alon et al. (2020), in this study, smoke will be detected using an
object-detection algorithm. It quickly detects smoke, even if there is only a small amount
of it. After these smokes are detected and analyzed, the user is informed of the smoke. The
study can significantly help in fire prevention because it can put out fires as soon as the
smoke is detected by the camera and can detect smoke inside the house. The system
reported an overall testing accuracy of 89%.
As stated by Bermudez and Mata (2020), the study sought to look into how well
the Bureau of Fire Protection's front-line services were being provided in the National
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Capital Region (BFP-NCR). Based on the findings of a survey and an interview with BFP
employees from the Manila Fire District office and the BFP-NCR main office. In order to
address the flaws and shortcomings of the current process, this study also suggested
adopting an automated system as the new method for applying for fire safety certificates.
By doing so, the BFP administrators will be better able to manage risks by leveraging
customer insights to enhance services and by gaining visibility into their operations to boost
efficiency and deliver better services.
As stated by Marikina BFP Personnel. (2023), on the study of Marikina’s Bureau
of Fire Protection has launched fire awareness campaigns throughout the country under the
slogan "Ligtas Na Pilipinas Ang Ating Hangad, Pag-Iingat Sa Sunog Sa Sarili Ipatupad"
(We Aim for a Safe Philippines, Observe Fire Safety). Aside from that, the BFP has
accomplishment programs and best practices or activities those are the hose cabinet each
in every fire hydrant, during fire prevention month they mentioned the kick off ceremony
and motorcade, house to house survey, national fire drill in high density occupancies and
station visits/ educational tour/work immersion last the fire and earthquake drills and
seminar that aimed at reducing fire incidents. They also have brochures that can help
prevent injuries and save lives. Similarly, the BFP has several campaign activities for fire
safety and prevention. They have been campaigning in public and private schools to raise
student awareness, and fire drills have concluded to prevent the causes of fire.
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Synthesis of the Related Literature
According to Desapriya et. al. (2022), residential fires contribute significantly to
the morbidity and mortality associated with fire-related injuries, making them a serious
public health concern on a global scale. The effectiveness of residential fire prevention
program that are relevant to Indigenous communities was examined in this review, along
with the financial and human costs associated with fire incidents. Electronic databases like
Medline, Embase, Central, and the Web of Science Core Collection were searched for
studies on fire prevention interventions based on the 4Es of injury prevention approaches
that were released after 1990. (Education, Enforcement, Engineering, and Engagement).
Additionally, we searched the grey literature and other sources, such as the websites of
local organizations, for pertinent studies.
As stated by Ligan et al. (2021), on the study of Bureau of Fire Protection has
launched fire awareness campaigns throughout the country under the slogan "Ligtas Na
Pilipinas Ang Ating Hangad, Pag-Iingat Sa Sunog Sa SariliIpatupad" (We Aim for a Safe
Philippines, Observe Fire Safety). Aside from that, the BFP has programs and activities
aimed at reducing fire incidents in the country. They also have brochures that can help
prevent injuries and save lives (Philippine Primer, 2018). Similarly, the BFP has several
campaign activities for fire safety and prevention in Davao City. They have been
campaigning in public and private schools to raise student awareness, and fire drills have
concluded them (Opiana, 2017).
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As stated by Bermudez and Mata (2020), the study sought to look into how well
the Bureau of Fire Protection's front-line services were being provided in the National
Capital Region (BFP-NCR). Based on the findings of a survey and an interview with BFP
employees from the Manila Fire District office and the BFP-NCR main office. In order to
address the flaws and shortcomings of the current process, this study also suggested
adopting an automated system as the new method for applying for fire safety certificates.
By doing so, the BFP administrators will be better able to manage risks by leveraging
customer insights to enhance services and by gaining visibility into their operations to boost
efficiency and deliver better services.
The similarities of this study to other related studies are that the researchers will
solely focus on the at Barangay`s Concepcion Uno, Concepcion Dos, Fortune and Santo
Niño Marikina City which will be the target respondents. The difference between this study
and other related research is that this study will focus on the fire prevention program
towards intervention schem
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Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework of this study is based on the following theories and concepts presented below, purposely
to help the researcher determine the assessment of the BFP Marikina's fire prevention program of selected areas in
Marikina City to intervention scheme, the following theories were considered
Protection Motivation 3E’S Fire Prevention

Theory Approach
Ronald Rogers, 1975 Harry Truman, 1947
ASSESSMENT OF THE FIRE PREVENTION PROGRAM AND ITS

INTERVENTION SCHEME
Effective fire prevention programs can

A social psychology theory, tries to prevent fires and save lives. Preventing
explain why people decide to engage in a fire incident or accident from happening is
called fire prevention.
defensive behaviors, like those that are
Engineering, education, and enforcement
defensive of their safety and health. have long been the fundamentals of fire
PMT is a theory that helps people prevention.
understand their decisions and participate Public fire safety education, often known as
in protective actions. It also predicted public education, is to alter people's behavior.
the behavioral ranges in health and Engineering deals with the fire safety elements
disaster-related scenarios. in the built environment. Enforcement focuses
on fire and building code implementation.
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Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework of this study is based on the following theories and
concepts presented below, purposely to help the researcher determine the assessment of the
BFP Marikina's fire prevention program of selected areas in Marikina City to intervention
scheme, the following theories were considered.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
The Protection Motivation Theory Protection Motivation Theory 1. What is the profile of the
(PMT), a social psychology (PMT) is a theory that helps
people understand their decisions
respondents in terms of:
theory, tries to explain why people
decide to engage in defensive and participate in protective 1.1 Age;
behaviors, like those that are actions. It also predicted the 1.2 Sex;
behavioral ranges in health and
defensive of their safety and 1.3 Barangay;
disaster-related scenarios.
health. Ronald Rogers developed 1.4 No. years in
(Kurata, Y. et al, February
the PMT model in 1975, and it is 2023).
applied
Residency;
frequently in risk Effective fire prevention
management, interpersonal programs can prevent fires and
relationships, and health save lives. Preventing 2. The level of awareness
psychology to comprehend and a fire incident or accident from of the respondents on BFP
forecast why people opt to take or happening is called fire Marikina fire prevention
forego protective measures. prevention.
According to PMT, these (Nicholson, 2017). program.
decisions are influenced by two Engineering, education, and
main factors: threat appraisal and enforcement have long been the
fundamentals of fire prevention. 3. The level the level of
coping appraisal.
These same principles can be assessment to the BFP
Harry Truman (1947) the "3 E's" used to prevent firefighter and Marikina fire prevention
approach underscores the civilian injuries. (Marinucci,
2015) program.
importance of a holistic approach
to fire prevention, addressing both Public fire safety education, often
known as public education, is to
the human factors (education and 4. The significant
alter people's behavior.
awareness) and the physical
Engineering deals with the fire correlation that exists level
factors (engineering and safety elements in the built
enforcement) that contribute to of awareness between the
environment. Enforcement
fire safety. By combining these focuses on fire and building fire prevention program on
three elements, communities and code implementation and BFP Marikina.
organizations can reduce the risk fire/arson investigation.
of fires and protect lives and (Donahue & Hendershot,
property. 2021
FEEDBACK
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Conceptual Framework of the Study
The Input-Process-Output was designed to be used in how this study will be
conducted. Analyzing the conceptual framework, the input is the profile and variables to
be used. The process shows that these inputs could indirectly or directly affect the
assessment the fire prevention program and intervention scheme of BFP Marikina. For
more efficiency in collecting information, a series of searches and questionnaires were
made for collecting the necessary information. The output shows the results and the
outcome of the research which will be laid down for the assessment of the Fire Prevention
Programs and Intervention scheme of BFP Marikina.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Demographic Profile of the
respondents:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
1.3 Barangay
1.4 No. years in Residency;
Determined the level
2. The level of awareness of Research Survey of awareness of the
the respondents on BFP Respondents on BFP
Marikina fire prevention Data Gathering Procedure –
Fire Prevention
program? Program and
Selected areas of Marikina
Intervention Scheme.
3. What is level the level of
assessment to the BFP Marikina City
fire prevention program?
Data Analysis
4. Is there a significant
correlation that exists level of Data Interpretation
awareness between the fire
prevention program on BFP
Marikina ?
FEEDBACK
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Statement of the Problem
This study will be conducted to assess the BFP Marikina's fire prevention program
by applying the intervention scheme in selected area of Marikina City.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
1.3 Barangay;
1.4 No. years in Residency;
2. What is the level of awareness of the respondents on BFP Marikina fire prevention
program?
3. What is level the level of assessment to the BFP Marikina fire prevention program?
4. Is there a significant correlation that exists level of awareness between the fire prevention
program on BFP Marikina?
Hypothesis
H1: There is no significant relationship that exist between fire prevention program towards intervention
scheme.
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Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on the assessment of respondents on Fire Prevention Program
and Intervention Scheme. This study that was conducted at Barangay`s Concepcion Uno,
Concepcion Dos, Fortune and Santo Niño during the Academic Year 2023-2024.
The study will use a quantitative research design to collect reliable and accurate data that
involves the reduction of phenomena to numerical values. The researchers used survey
questionnaires distributed to BFP personnel and Nangka residence as a study instrument to
collect data.
The researchers want to know how respondents feel about the fire prevention program and
the intervention scheme. The sampling size of the study is 100 respondents affected by the
fire accident at these selected areas; Concepcion Uno, Concepcion Dos, Fortune and Santo
Niño.
Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study was to provide important knowledge and information
about the selected topic from those who responded, recently published research or
dissertations, and related websites, as follows:
Students. By providing them with valuable information about fire prevention and
safety measures that they can apply in their daily lives. The study can also raise awareness
among students about the importance of fire safety and the role of government agencies
such as the BFP in promoting public safety.
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Parents. By providing them with important information about the effectiveness of
the BFP's fire prevention program and intervention schemes. The study can also raise
parents' awareness of the importance of teaching their children about fire safety and the
need to take an active role in promoting fire safety in their communities.
Community. By informing community members about the BFP's fire prevention
program and intervention schemes and their effectiveness in promoting public safety. The
study can also raise community awareness about the importance of fire safety measures
and encourage community members to take an active role in promoting fire safety in their
neighborhoods.
Professors. By contributing to the existing body of knowledge on fire prevention
and safety measures, as well as the effectiveness of government programs and intervention
schemes in promoting public safety. The study can also inform their teaching and research
practices, particularly in the fields of public administration, disaster risk reduction, and
emergency management.
Researchers. By providing new insights and perspectives on the effectiveness of
fire prevention programs and intervention schemes in Marikina City, as well as the
challenges and opportunities encountered in implementing these programs. The study can
also inform future research on fire prevention and safety measures in other contexts and
settings.
Future Researchers. By serving as a basis for further research and exploration in
the field of fire prevention and safety measures. The study can also provide future
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researchers with valuable information about the research methods and approaches used in
the study, as well as the data sources and limitations encountered during the research
process.
Bureau of Fire Personnel. The study of BFP (Bureau of Fire Protection) personnel
in the assessment of BFP Marikina's Fire Prevention Program is significant as their insights
can provide valuable perspectives on the effectiveness of current fire prevention strategies.
Their firsthand experiences and expertise can contribute to a comprehensive evaluation,
forming a basis for implementing targeted intervention schemes to enhance fire prevention
efforts in selected areas of Marikina.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on the assessment of the BFP Marikina`s fire prevention program in
selected areas of Marikina : Basis for intervention schemes Academic Year 2023-2024.
The study will use a quantitative research design to collect reliable and accurate data that
involves the reduction of phenomena to numerical values. The researchers used survey
questionnaires distributed to residence of Barangay`s Concepcion Uno, Concepcion Dos,
Fortune and Santo Niño as a study instrument to collect data.
The researchers want to know how respondents feel about the fire prevention
program and the intervention scheme. The sampling size of the study is 100 respondents
affected by the fire accident in the given data information from BFP Marikina.
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Definition of Terms
The following terms are operationally defined for a better understanding of the
research study:
Active Fire Protection System. A dormant system that needs to be activated in the
case of a fire to perform its function.
Annual Inspection. Provides an opportunity for an expert to assess your building's
condition, its compliance with regulations and codes and its ability to ensure the health and
safety of visitors, occupants and users of the structure.
Combustion. When fuel reacts with oxygen to release heat energy.
Combustible Substance. Those substances that burn or undergo combustion easily
catch fire.
Destructive Fire. Delivered fire that is only used to burn down tangible things.
Fire and firing are types. the act of attacking an enemy with weapons or artillery.
Evacuation Drills. Evacuate the building immediately on hearing the fire alarm.
Fire Prevention. Proactive method of preventing fire-based emergencies and
reducing the damage caused by them.
Fire Safety Awareness. Management activities undertaken to prevent fires from
occurring.
Fire Response. The activity taken by the employer at the time of an emergency
incident involving a fire at the worksite, including fire suppression activities carried out by
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internal or external resources or a combination of both, or total or partial employee
evacuation of the area exposed to the fire.
Fire Risk. The Probability that a fire will start. 'Harm potential' and consequences
in terms of loss of life, fire spread, damage, etc. are multiplied by the fire's severity.
Flames. Noun (FIRE) The flames grew larger as the fire spread, spewing a stream
of hot, burning gas from the burning object. The car overturned and caught fire right away
(started burning).
Implementation. The difficulty gauges the potential complexity of implementation
issues based on the unique circumstances that may be connected to a given fire.
Intervention Scheme. Is designed to describe and communicate multidisciplinary
practice, practice that is intended to prevent illness, improve or restore, decrease
deterioration, and/or provide comfort.
Provision. Giving something to someone who needs or wants it is known as making
that something available to them.
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CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers the study's methodology and research design, participants, tools
to be used, validity and reliability of questionnaires, statistical analyses, data sources, data
analysis techniques, and ethical considerations.
Research Design
The research used a quantitative research approach to gather the necessary data to
collect reliable and accurate information. Experiments and surveys are used as
investigative techniques in quantitative research, and data is gathered using equipment that
produce statistical data (Williams, 2011). Quantitative research is the process of acquiring
and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find trends and averages, formulate
hypotheses, confirm haphazard relationships, and extrapolate findings to bigger
populations (Bhandari, 2020). To accurately represent the participants in this study, the
researchers also used a descriptive design in conjunction with the survey method's
mechanics.
Population and Sampling
The researchers' data indicate that there are 100 respondents living in on any given
day. The responders are members of the chosen Marikina City Fire Prevention community.
The target participants are the demographic to which researchers want to generalize
the study's findings. A target population, also known as a sampling frame, is a group of
people or organizations with similar characteristics that a researcher can identify and
examine (Creswell, 2013). Purposive sampling was used in the study. When surveying a
difficult-to-reach group, most people use purposeful sampling. The study's researchers
focused on persons who share the same point of view in order to collect the essential
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information and be willing to supply it (Etikan, I., & Bala, K., 2017).
The questionnaire's size or number of respondents was determined via purposeful
research. The researcher selects respondents based on their judgment while keeping the
survey's purpose in mind, according to Showkat and Parveen (2017). The researchers
choose the sampling units subjectively in order to obtain a representative sample from the
population. It is based on the researcher's judgment as to who will produce the most
information in order to ensure the efficacy of the objective inquiry.
Respondents of the Study
This study aims to collect data about the current situation in selected areas which
are Barangay’s Concepcion Uno, Concepcion Dos, Fortune, St. Ni ño Marikina City with
the primary goal is to execute the Fire Intervention scheme of BFP throughout with the
help of community by adhering the Republic Act No. 9514 (An Act Establishing a
comprehensive Fire Code of the Philippines.
Research Instrument
The researchers collected data for the study through the use of survey
questionnaires that they create. The survey questionnaires are validated by a variety of
consulted statistics and criminology instructors and professionals in order to continuously
improve the instrument.
Survey questionnaires will be utilized to collect accurate data and standardized
statistics. It may be A successful way of gathering information for survey research and
testing hypotheses (Kabir, 2016). The tool is a questionnaire that was created by the
individual. It consists of three (3) sections: The first section of the survey questionnaire
asks about the respondent's demographics, including age and employment status. The
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respondents' perceptions of the variables of the Fire Prevention Program and Intervention
Scheme are covered in the second section of the survey questionnaire. The respondents'
perceptions of the variables influencing purchase intention are covered in the survey's final
section.
In order to collect the respondents' evaluations, the researchers also used the Likert
scale in the survey forms. To reduce the error of central tendency, the researchers used a
Likert scale with five possible responses. It was used to collect data on how respondents
felt about the following questions: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Moderately
Agree 4 = Agree, and 5 = Strongly Agree.
Validity and Reliability
Validity helps researchers to determine whether the survey questions will
appropriate to answer the problem of this study. The questionnaires will go through a
number of validation checks to make sure the study has gathered all the necessary data
regarding the evaluated level of assessment of BFP’s fire prevention program and
Intervention Scheme. According to the panel members' instructions throughout the title
defense, changes to the questionnaires will be made. Before the research tools are presented
to experts and field validators, the adviser reviews them.
Individual experts in the fields of statistics, English, and fire safety will be consulted
as expert validators. After the adviser gave his or her approval, field experts will be
interviewed to assess the survey's consistency or quality and to make sure that the target
respondents can easily understand the questionnaire. The research instruments will be
improved based on the suggestions of the subject-matter specialists. To learn how
respondents, feel about the fire prevention program and intervention plan, the revised and
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validated survey questionnaires will be given to the respondents. The participants were
asked to finish the survey, and they will provide feedback on the clarity of the questions
and the design of the questionnaires.
The Ethical Consideration
The respondents were invited to take part in the research study entitled “Assessment
of the BFP Marikina`s fire prevention program in selected areas of Marikina : Basis for intervention
schemes”. The researchers helped the respondents understand the study before formally
administering the questionnaires. The participants' answers remained private and
anonymous. Data from this study were kept confidential and only presented as a utilized
total. The researchers were the only ones who were aware of each respondent's specific
questionnaire response. Approximately 3-5 minutes were needed to complete the survey
questionnaires for this study. Additionally, the researchers elaborated on inquiries about
informed consent, the prohibition of using inappropriate vocabulary, and voluntary
engagement in order to ensure the successful completion of the research ethical procedures.
The invitation was open for acceptance or rejection by the respondents. The consent form
had to be filled out by participants who chose to participate as confirmation of their
decision. The information, including the consent, will be removed if the respondents
withdraw from the study prior to the data collection is finished. This will not affect the
researcher's connection with the respondents.
Data Gathering Procedure
To gather data, the researchers sent survey questionnaires through actual and face-
to- face interaction. The questionnaires will be conducted personally to the selected
respondents, the residents of Barangay`s Concepcion Uno, Concepcion Dos, Fortune and
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Santo Niño Marikina City to determine their profile and the level of their assessment of
BFP’s Fire Prevention Program and Intervention Scheme.
Frequency Count is the total number of occurrences or the measure of the number
of individuals who fit into a certain category. It represents the scores obtained by grouping
the obtained responses from respondents into specific items. It was used to conveniently
present the demographic profile of the respondents, which are Barangay’s Concepcion
Uno, Concepcion Dos, Fortune, St. Niño Marikina City.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data analysis shows the various statistical techniques used to analyze the
number-based data. The researchers used the descriptive statistics method to provide
summary statistics about the sample and measure the data. Specifically, the researchers
measured the central tendency to determine the single value as a representation of an entire
set of data and provide an accurate description.
Percentage refers to any proportion in relation to the whole. It was used to
represent the percentage of demographic profile of the respondents. Using the frequency
count, the percentage will be computed using the formula below:
x
Percentage = x 100
N
where: x = frequency
N = total number of cases
Mean is the average of a set of values. As mentioned above, it is one of the
measures of central tendency, which summarizes an entire dataset with a single number
representing the data's center point.
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Standard Deviation is a statistic that represents the dispersion of a dataset
compared to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance. The standard
deviation is calculated as the square root of variance by determining each data point's
departure relative to the mean. The standard deviation formula for a frequency distribution
is shown below.
SD = standardDeviation
Σ fM = sum of frequency times the midpoint
Σ fM2 = sum of the midpoint squared times the frequency
N = total numbers of cases
Likert Scale is a rating scale that was used to determine the level of assessment of BFP’s
fire prevention program and intervention scheme, and to furtherly identify its verbal
interpretation. It was used to collect data on how respondents felt about the following
questions:
1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Moderately Agree 4 = Agree, and 5 = Strongly
Agree.
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Table 2. Five-point Likert Scale Range and Interpretation
Scale Range Descriptive Rating
4.21 – 5.00 Strongly Agree
3.41– 4.20 Agree
2.61 – 3.40 Moderately Agree
1.81 – 2.60 Disagree
1.00 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree
Pearson Correlation Coefficient is used to quantify the strength of a relationship
between two variables. There are various forms of correlation coefficients, but Pearson's is
the most commonly used. Pearson's correlation coefficient (affectionately referred to as
Pearson's R) is a correlation coefficient that is frequently employed in linear regression.
All of the gathered and analyzed data were synthesized to come up with the assessment of
the BFP’s fire prevention program and intervention scheme.
r = correlation coefficient
xi = values of the x-variable in a sample
x = mean of the values of the x-variable
Yi = values of the y-variable in a sample
y = mean of the values of the y-variable
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CHAPTER III : RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION
This chapter will show the tabular data gathered from the survey questionnaire of
respondents of the study and will discuss why each of the tabular data was the result. In
this chapter, an attempt is made to present research methods and samples of the study,
including tools of data collection, interpretive guidelines, and statistical treatments.
The researchers distributed One Hundred (100) survey questionnaires through face to face
which were answered by the respondents. The respondents have also been given the
assurance that the data they gave were used for the research and their identities were
considered confidential.
Age Frequency Percentage
18 - 25 73 73%
26 - 35 18 18%
36 - 45 7 7%
46 and above 2 2%
100 100%
As shown in the Table 1. Frequency and percentage of the age of the respondents,
73 respondents (73%) where the age range where from 18 – 25 years old; 18 respondents
(18%) where the age range were from 26 – 35 years old ; 7 respondents with (7%) where
the age range were from 36 – 45 years old; 2 respondents with (2%) where the age range
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were from the 16 and above. Overall, the group respondents age from 18 -25 years old are
the most likely know about the BFP Marikina Fire prevention program.
Table 1.2
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 50 50%
Female 50 50%
Table 1.2 Shown Frequency and Percentage of the sex of the respondents, 50
individual respondents with (50%) were the male 50 individual respondents (50%) were
female. Therefore, the majority of the respondents in this research are female and male.
Table 1.3
Barangay Frequency Percentage
Conception Uno 33 33%
Conception Dos 23 23%
Fortune 27 27%
Sto. Niño 17 17%
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Presented in Table 3, Frequency and percentage of the Barangay’s of the
respondents Data shows that majority of 33 respondents in Barangay. Conception Uno with
(33%), 23 respondents in Barangay Conception Dos with (23%), 27 respondents in
Barangay Fortune with (27%), 17 respondents in Barangay Sto. Niño with (17%), based
on the BFP Marikina Central a data information, this selected area of each Barangay in
Marikina City has the high rate of fire incident.
Table 1.4
No. of years in Residency Frequency Percentage
Below 1 year 8 8%
2 – 10 years 36 36%
11 years and above 56 56%
Presented in Table 1.4, the No. of years in residency of the respondents shows
that Below 1 year is the lowest frequency (8) and percentage (8%) of fire incident then
the highest frequency (56) and percentage (56%) is 11 years and above has the high rate
of fire incident.
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Table 1.5 Knowledge
Questions Weighted Verbal

Mean Interpretation
Q1. I have the knowledge about the Fire Code of the Philippines. ( 3.83 AGREE
Mayroon akong kaalaman tungkol sa Fire Code of the Philippines. )
Q2. In the event of a fire, I am confidently in my ability to respond 4.10 AGREE
appropriately. ( Kung sakaling magkaroon ng sunog, may tiwala ako sa
aking kakayahang tumugon nang naaangkop. )
Q3. I am confident in my ability to use fire safety equipment such as Fire 4.03 AGREE
Alarms, Fire Extinguishers. ( Ako ay may tiwala sa aking kakayahang
gumamit ng mga kagamitan sa kaligtasan ng sunog tulad ng mga Fire
Alarm, Fire Extinguisher. )
Q4. I am aware of the seminars of training provided by BFP for the 3.97 AGREE
community. ( Batid ko ang mga seminar ng pagsasanay na ibinigay ng
BFP para sa komunidad. )
Q5. I can significantly reduce the risk of fire a occuring. ( Mababawasan 4.10 AGREE
ko nang malaki ang panganib na magkaroon ng sunog. )
Grand Mean 4.01 AGREE
Presented in Table 1.5, the Awareness of the respondents in terms of
knowledge. The data shows that the respondents are agree (x=4.10) is the highest mean in
terms of confidently responding to reduce the risk of a fire. Followed by, the respondents
are agreed (x=4.03) in terms of using the fire safety equipment. Next is the respondents are
agreed (x=3.97) in terms of their awareness. Lastly the respondents are agreed (x=3.83) in
terms of their understanding about the fire code of the Philippines.
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Table 1.6 Safety Program

Mean Interpretation
Q1. Fire departments are complete with firefighting equipment ( Ang mga 4.33 STRONGLY
kagawaran ng bumbero ay kumpleto sa mga kagamitan sa paglaban sa AGREE
sunog )
Q2. Fire safety inspections are being done prior to the issuance of 4.37 STRONGLY
permits/licenses. ( Ang mga inspeksyon sa kaligtasan ng sunog ay AGREE
ginagawa bago ang pag-iisyu ng mga permit/lisensya. )
Q.3 3. Fire department personnel have undergone rigorous firefighting 4.52 STRONGLY
training. ( Ang mga tauhan ng kagawaran ng bumbero ay sumailalim sa AGREE
mahigpit na pagsasanay sa paglaban sa sunog. )
Q.4 Fire hydrants are installed conspicuous places. ( Ang mga fire hydrant 3.53 AGREE
ay nakakabit ng mga kapansin-pansing lugar. )
Q.5 5. The community equipped with functional fire alarms and detectors 4.25 STRONGLY
for possible fire incident. ( Nilagyan ang komunidad ng mga functional AGREE
fire alarm at detector para sa posibleng insidente ng sunog. )
4.2 AGREE
Presented in Table 1.6, Mean summary of the awareness of the respondents in terms
of safety program. The data shows that the majority of the respondents are strongly agree
(x = 4.5) in terms of safety program the personnel have undergone in firefighting training.
Followed by the respondents are strongly agree (x = 4.37) in terms of safety program the
fire department personnel have a inspection are being done prior to the issuance of permit
licenses. Also most of the respondents are strongly agree (x = 4.33) in terms of safety
program fire department are provided with firefighting equipment. Next, the respondents
are strongly agree (x = 4.25) in terms of safety program the community equipped with
functional fire alarms and detectors for possible fire incident. Lastly, the respondents are
agree (x = 3.53) in terms of safety program does fire fie hydrant are installed conspicuous
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places. Overall, the grand mean is 4.02 with the verbal interpretation that majority of the
respondents agree. This most likely means that the respondents understand the level of
assessment of the BFP Marikina Fire Prevention Program.
Table 1.7 Skills

Mean Interpretation
Q.1 1. BFP motivating the community to have significant skills to 4.33 STRONGLY
prevent and also respond to fire. ( BFP na nag-uudyok sa komunidad AGREE
na magkaroon ng makabuluhang kakayahan para maiwasan at tumugon
din sa sunog. )
Q2. BFP trains significant community members of barangay personnel 4.37 STRONGLY
to be first respondents in case of fire. ( Sinasanay ng BFP ang mga AGREE
makabuluhang miyembro ng komunidad ng mga tauhan ng barangay
na maging unang respondante sakaling magkaroon ng sunog. )
Q3. I know the BFP emergency contact numbers. ( Alam ko ang mga 4.52 STRONGLY
emergency contact number ng BFP. ) AGREE
Q4. I received any fire safety training and practices in my community 3.53 AGREE
from BFP. ( Nakatanggap ako ng anumang pagsasanay at kasanayan sa
kaligtasan ng sunog sa aking komunidad mula sa BFP. )
Q5. Fire drills are being done in the community every month by the 4.25 STRONGLY
bfp personnels.. ( Ang mga fire drill ay ginagawa sa komunidad kada AGREE
buwan ng mga tauhan ng bfp. )
4.04 AGREE
Presented in Table 1.7, Means summary of the awareness of the respondents in
terms of skills period the data shows that majority of the respondents are strongly agree (x
= 4.52) in terms of skills knowing the BFP emergency contact numbers. Followed by the
respondents are strongly agree (x = 4.37) in terms of skills the BFP trains significant
community members of barangay personnel to be the first respondents incase of fire
incident. Almost of the respondents are strongly
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agree (x = 4.33) in terms of skills in motivating the community to have significant skills to
prevent and also respond to fire. The next one, the respondents are strongly agree (x = 4.25)
in terms of skills fire drills are being done in the community every month by the BFP
personnels. Lastly, the respondents are agree (x = 3.53) in terms skills inn fire safety
training and practices in the community from BFP. Overall, the grand mean is 4.02 with
the verbal interpretation that majority of the respondents agree. This most likely means that
the respondents understand the level of assessment of the BFP Marikina Fire prevention
Program.
Table 1.8 Overall relationship of the BFP Marikina`s fire prevention program in selected
areas of Marikina : basis for intervention schemes
Pearson`s Verbal Critical Computed Decision Conclusion
r Interpretation Value Value
0.7279 Strong 0.1966 10.51 Reject There is no
Correlation hypothesis significant
relationship
Pearson’s is equal to 0.7279 which suggest a strong correlation, Since the computed value
of 10.51 is greater than the Critical value of 0.1966 therefore we reject the null hypothesis.
We conclude that there is no significant relationship between the value of awareness and
level of assessment on the BFP programs.
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CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
With reference to the summary of findings and implications of the study, the
following are the recommendations suggested by the researchers of this study.
Summary
As regards to demographic profile of the respondents, the researchers found out that:
1.1 Majority of the respondents, 73 respondents (73%) where the age range where from 18
– 25 years old; 18 respondents (18%) where the age range were from 26 – 35 years old ; 7
respondents with (7%) where the age range were from 36 – 45 years old; 2 respondents
with (2%) where the age range were from the 16 and above. Overall, the group respondents
age from 18 -25 years old are the most likely know about the BFP Marikina Fire prevention
program.
1.2 50 individual respondents with (50%) were the male 50 individual respondents (50%)
were female. Therefore, the majority of the respondents in this research are female and
male.
1.3 Majority of the respondents Data shows that majority of 33 respondents in Barangay.
Conception Uno with (33%), 23 respondents in Barangay Conception Dos with (23%), 27
respondents in Barangay Fortune with (27%), 17 respondents in Barangay Sto. Niño with
(17%), based on the BFP Marikina Central a data information, this selected area of each
Barangay in Marikina City has the high rate of fire incident.
BSCR | 37 Page
1.4 Majority of the No. of years in residency of the respondents shows that Below 1 year
is the lowest frequency (8) and percentage (8%) of fire incident then the highest frequency
(56) and percentage (56%) is 11 years and above has the high rate of fire incident.
1.5 Majority of the respondents in terms of knowledge. The data shows that the respondents
are agree (x=4.10) is the highest mean in terms of confidently responding to reduce the risk
of a fire. Followed by, the respondents are agreed (x=4.03) in terms of using the fire safety
equipment. Next is the respondents are agreed (x=3.97) in terms of their awareness. Lastly
the respondents are agreed (x=3.83) in terms of their understanding about the fire code of
the Philippines.
1.6 Majority of the awareness of the respondents in terms of safety program. The data
shows that the majority of the respondents are strongly agree (x = 4.5) in terms of safety
program the personnel have undergone in firefighting training. Followed by the
respondents are strongly agree (x = 4.37) in terms of safety program the fire department
personnel have a inspection are being done prior to the issuance of permit licenses. Also
most of the respondents are strongly agree (x = 4.33) in terms of safety program fire
department are provided with firefighting equipment. Next, the respondents are strongly
agree (x = 4.25) in terms of safety program the community equipped with functional fire
alarms and detectors for possible fire incident. Lastly, the respondents are agree (x = 3.53)
in terms of safety program does fire fie hydrant are installed conspicuous
BSCR | 38 Page
places. Overall, the grand mean is 4.02 with the verbal interpretation that majority of the
respondents agree. This most likely means that the respondents understand the level of
assessment of the BFP Marikina Fire prevention Program.
1.7 Majority of the awareness of the respondents in terms of skills period the data
shows that majority of the respondents are strongly agree (x = 4.52) in terms of skills
knowing the BFP emergency contact numbers. Followed by the respondents are strongly
agree (x = 4.37) in terms of skills the BFP trains significant community members of
barangay personnel to be the first respondents incase of fire incident. Almost of the
respondents are strongly agree (x = 4.33) in terms of skills in motivating the community to
have significant skills to prevent and also respond to fire. The next one, the respondents are
strongly agree (x = 4.25) in terms of skills fire drills are being done in the community every
month by the BFP personnels. Lastly, the respondents are agree (x = 3.53) in terms skills
inn fire safety training and practices in the community from BFP. Overall, the grand mean
is 4.02 with the verbal interpretation that majority of the respondents agree. This most likely
means that the respondents understand the level of assessment of the BFP Marikina Fire
prevention Program.
1.8 Pearson’s is equal to 0.7279 which suggest a strong correlation, Since the computed
value of 10.51 is greater than the Critical value of 0.1966 therefore we reject the null
hypothesis. We conclude that there is no significant relationship between the value of
awareness and level of assessment on the BFP programs.
BSCR | 39 Page
Conclusion
With regards of the respondents are aware of fundamental fire safety measures,
such as having smoke detectors and fire extinguishers in their houses. There is room for
improvement in evacuation plans: While the majority of respondents indicated having an
evacuation plan in place, it was highlighted that there is a need for additional education and
preparedness. Many responders were unsure about what to do in the event of a fire.
The survey results underscore the importance of providing the general people with
fire safety education and training. Respondents expressed a willingness to learn more about
fire prevention and preparedness, emphasizing the importance of easily accessible
information and training programs. Overall, the study identifies both positive features, such
as general fire safety knowledge, and areas that require additional attention, such as
education, training enhancing the intervention schemes and continue the recent program so
the community will be inform and knowledgeable. Taking these findings into account can
help guide future activities aimed at improving community fire safety.
Recommendation
The researchers make an intention to educate everyone in the community about fire
safety and prevention by launching a public awareness campaign. To attain a larger
audience, use a range of mediums such as posters, pamphlets, social media, and public
service announcements. Make a deliberate effort to educate the general people about fire
safety and prevention by launching a community awareness campaign. To reach a larger
audience, use a range of mediums such as posters, pamphlets, social media, and public
service announcements.
BSCR | 40 Page
The researchers suggest organize fire safety workshops and training sessions in
collaboration with local communities, institutions of learning, and organizations. These
courses may address topics such as fire safety, basic firefighting methods, and evacuation
protocols.
The researchers want to encourage future researchers to work with local
governments and the community to improve fire infrastructure, such as developing fire
hydrants, suitable fire escapes, and adequate firefighting equipment. To ensure their
efficacy, these facilities must be maintained and updated on a regular basis.
Create an emergency response strategy: Develop a comprehensive emergency
response plan in coordination with other relevant government agencies and local
responders. Conduct regular exercises and simulations to assess the success of the plan and
identify areas for improvement.
The researchers might like to recommend to the future researcher make fire safety
education in Community: Work with educational institutions to incorporate fire safety
education into their educational programs. Teach youngsters about the hazards of fire, how
to avoid them, and what to do if a fire occurs.
The researchers suggest regularly monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the fire
prevention program. Data on fires, response times, and public awareness levels should be
gathered and examined. Use this information to make necessary software changes and
improvements.
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REFERENCES
Anujit,G., Fahmina, Z. (November 4, 2020) Fire Prevention Strategies Retrieved from
https://shorturl.at/bqHR1
Collins, T. (Apr 29,2022). Interventions for Preventing Residential Fires in Vulnerable
Neighbourhoods and Indigenous Communities: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/abwH5
Maya, S. (May 20, 2019) Effectiveness of home fire safety interventions. A systematic
review and meta-analysis Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/egiN9
Maria Yolanda, A. (August 12, 2017 ) Capability of the Bureau of Fire Protection of Ilocos
Sur in Responding to Emergencies Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/nswyY
Nahyang, B. ( 2019 ) Fire safety in planning of elderly residential facilities: a case study from
Korea Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/prEKL
Stephanie, B. (October 12 2017) focus on trends in fires and firerelated fatalities Retrieved
from https://shorturl.at/nIR24
Taylor, M., Appleton, D., Keen G., & Fielding, J. (2019) Assessing the effectiveness of fire
prevention strategies, Public Money & Management Retrieved from
https://shorturl.at/xIWY7
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Umali MV (September 08 2021) Level of compliance by the Bulacan State University with
the fire and safety requirements of the law Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/ksyLV
Victoria, L.(March 2021) Compliance with the 2008 Fire Code of The Philippines (RA
9514): Basis for Intervention Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/hxNT9
Williams, N., Evans, R., Rogers, A. and Wright. M. (2009). Final Evaluation of the Home
Fire Risk Check Grant and Fire Prevention Grant Programmers. Fire Research 2/2009
Department for Communities and Local Government
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A Final Thesis

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A Final Thesis

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College of Criminology

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA

education, and fire protection and life safety systems.

Fire Inspector strategies have an emphasis on actions aimed to preventing a fire

assist children in identifying and discussing flames as well as extinguishing strategies.

in charge of the ongoing education required to instill fire-prevention practices among

building tenants. It is vital to increase tenant engagement in a fire prevention program.

participants, scheduling evacuation drills at a good season, and giving refreshments.

Background of the Study

responsible for preventing and suppressing all kinds of destructive fires,

and rescue services (Beldad, 2022).

In the Philippines the Bureau of Fire Protection is an agency of the Department of

all over the country.

Marikina City's Fire Prevention Programs.

Review of Related Literature and Study

prevention program and intervention scheme.

Fire Prevention Program

According to Desapriya, et al., (2022), residential fires contribute significantly to

Byun (2019), s t a t e d t h a t facility planning, is related to fire-fighting facilities,

Installation, Maintenance, and Safety Control of Fire-Fighting Systems,2019] strengthens

while the relationships were less than predicted.

smokers' materials may be due to a combination of declining adult smoking prevalence,

of Fire Kills messaging.

As indicated in Bierman et. al (2022), governments have always needed to

property remain an important component of the services workload (Office of National

spreading. The importance of grassroots community engagement cannot be emphasized.

experiencing ongoing budget cuts, necessitating a better understanding of the effectiveness

effectiveness and operational fire prevention.

importance of matching the appropriate intervention to sociodemographic parameters. The

reducing the risk of a fatal fire in a nonsmoking home.

According to Ghosal, et al. (2020), planning for building and infrastructure is

analyses have compared smoke alarm coverage interventions to no interventions or to usual

school-based education programs.

carrying out its responsibilities. Ceballos and Villa contend.

not received a fire safety

occupancies in Aparri, Cagayan on a regular basis.

concluded them (Opiana, 2017).

implementation of control measures are required. Prediction of potential fire incidents is a

occurrences are neither consistently increasing nor decreasing over time.

lack knowledge of fire prevention.

questionnaire filled out by members of the administration council as respondents. In order

Bulacan State University.

personnel or people assigned to respond to an e-mail.

reported an overall testing accuracy of 89%.

efficiency and deliver better services.

As stated by Marikina BFP Personnel. (2023), on the study of Marikina’s Bureau

Synthesis of the Related Literature

According to Desapriya et. al. (2022), residential fires contribute significantly to

local organizations, for pertinent studies.

concluded them (Opiana, 2017).

efficiency and deliver better services.

towards intervention schem

Marikina City to intervention scheme, the following theories were considered

Protection Motivation 3E’S Fire Prevention

ASSESSMENT OF THE FIRE PREVENTION PROGRAM AND ITS

Effective fire prevention programs can

scheme, the following theories were considered.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Conceptual Framework of the Study

The Input-Process-Output was designed to be used in how this study will be

more efficiency in collecting information, a series of searches and questionnaires were

Programs and Intervention scheme of BFP Marikina.

Statement of the Problem