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Name of Work :
Construction of OHSR for LWSS Shivpur & Baneh Di Hatti Tehsil Amb Distt. Una H.P.

Design of RCC Overhead Water Storage Reservoir (OHSR) of = 80000 Litres

with Staging Height of = 20 Meters

INPUT DATA:-
1) Capacity of RCC OHSR = 80000 Ltrs.
2) Internal diameter of tank (D) = 6.70 Mts.
3) Internal radius of tank (R) = 3.35 Mts.
4) Rise of top dome (h1) = 1.22 Mts.
Say 1.30 Mts.
5) Rise of bottom dome (h2) = 1.22 Mts.
Say 1.30 Mts.
5) Internal bottom diameter of tank (D 1) = 6.70 Mts.
6) Internal bottom radius of tank (R 2) = 3.35 Mts.
7) Mean diameter of tank (D m) staging = 6.65 Mts.
8) Mean radius of tank (R m) staging = 3.33 Mts.
9) Outer bottom diameter of tank (O.D.) = 7.10 Mts.
10) Assume wall thickness "t" 200 mm or = 0.200 Mts.
11) Dia.of column ("d")= 450 mm & No's of columns = 6.00 No's
12) Free Board = 0.30 Mts.
13) Base of footing = 1.50 Mts.
14) Outer diameter of raft foundation = 8.15 Mts.
15) Long radius of top dome (R1) = (D/2)2 + h12) / 2 h 1 = 4.97 Mts.
16) Long radius of bottom dome (R 2) = (D1/2)2 + h22) / 2 h 2 = 4.97 Mts.
17) Volume occupied by bottom dome
= π/3 x h 2 2 x ( 3 x R 2 - h 2 ) = 24.07 m 3

18) Height of Cylinderical portion

"H" = Capacityof tank in m3+Volume occupied
π/4x (Dia.of tank)2 = 2.952 Mts.
Say 3.000 Mts.
Add free board = 0.300 Mts.
TOTAL 3.300 Mts.
Say 3.300 Mts.
19) Weight of reinforced concrete = 25000 N/m 3

20) Design constants for concrete

Description Other members On liquid retaining face of
(Foundation/Columns/B members
eams/Top Dome etc.) (Container/Bottom
Dome/Bottom Ring Beam)
M 25 M 30
σ cc = 6.00 8.00
σ cbc = 8.50 10.00
σ st = 230 130.00
m = 10.98 9.33
k = 0.29 0.418
j = 0.903 0.861
R = 1.11 1.798
A) Design of top Dome Grade M 25

Long radius of top dome (R) Sin φ= 0.6745 = 4.97 Mts.

or φ = 0.740 Radian Then, φ = 42.42 Deg.
Cos φ= 0.738
1+Cos φ= 1.738
Let thickness of dome ("Tt.dome") = 100 mm
or = 0.100 Mts.
Self weight of dome = 2500.00 N/m2
Live Load & wt.of finishes etc. = 2500.00 N/m2
Total Load (Lw) = 5000.00 N/m2
Meridinial thrust at the springings = Lw x R/ (1+Cos φ) = 14285.27 N/m
Compressive stress due to meridinial thrust = Lw x R/ (1+Cos φ) Tt = 0.14 N/mm2
Hoop stress at springings = Lw x R (Cosφ-1/(1 + Cos φ))/ dome thickness = 0.04 N/mm2
Allowable compressive stresses in domes for Grade M 25 2.40 N/mm2
Since,the stresses are very small, hence provide minimum nominal reinforcement @ 0.24 %
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0.24 % =(0.24/100) x 100 x 1000 = 240.00 mm2
Spacing by using Tor Steel = 8 mm φ ,(Af) = 50.27 mm 2 )
Aɸ x 1000 / A st = 209.44 mm
Say 180 mm
Hence, provide 8 mmφ @ 180 mm,c/c bothways & also
Provide 4.00 Nos. (Extra hoops) bars 8 mm φ, in a length of
535.59 mm at top, say 550 mm, at top to take care of continiuty
effect & also increase thickness to 125.00 mm, near supports.

B) Design of Top Ring beam :- Grade M 25

Total tension causing rupture
Horizontal tension in the ring beam (T) = 35330.63 N
A st required = Total tension/σ st = 271.77 mm2
Area of steel by using bars of 12 mm φ , (Af) = 113.10 mm 2 )
Hence No's.of bars required = 2.40 Nos.
Say 4.00 Nos.
Actual area of steel provided (A )
stp = 452.39 mm2
Size of Ring Beam:-
Allowable stress in composite section = 1.30 N/mm 2

Then, total tension / A+ ( m - 1) A stp = 1.30 N/mm 2

Then "A" = 22662.39 mm 2

Provide Ring Beam having size of 250 x 200 mm

Hence the area of top Ring Beam = 50000.00 mm 2

Which is > than Ast reqd = 22662.39 Hence, Safe

Equivalent area = Size of Top Ring Beam x No's of bars x A ɸ = 50452 mm 2

Tensile Strength = Total Tension / Equivalent Area = 0.70 N/mm2

Which is < than 1.30 N/mm2
Provide minimum shear reinforcement as given below :-
Spacing of S v = 2.50 x A sv xfy/b
Spacing 2 legd.stirrups 8 mm φ ,(Aɸ) = 50.27 mm 2)
Asv = No's of legged x p/4 x f 2
= 100.53 mm 2

Sv = 2.50 x A sv xfy/b 521.50 mm , Say 180 mm

Provide 2 Legged stirrups 8 mm ɸ @ 180 mm
centre to centre in top ring beam.

C) Design of Container Wall:- Grade M 30

Thick.of wall Tensile stress = T / (1000 x t + ( m-1 ) x A st

Permissible tensile stress in wall for Grade M 30 1.5 N/mm2

(m-1)*Ast = 4939.32
Therefore thickness "t" required = 46.43 mm
Say 200.00 mm
Minimum thickness as per formula :- 30 x " h" + 50 = 140.00 mm
Say 200.00 mm
However provide wall thickness of 200 mm at bottom and keep it same upto top.
Therefore , average thickness of wall t = 200.00 mm
Depth of water H = 3.00 Mts.
Assume average thickness of wall t = 200.00 m
Internal Dia of the tank D = 6.70 m
H2/Dt = 6.72
For design purpose H2/Dt = 8.00
Hoop tension at the base (wxRxh) = 110550 N/m
For the condition that tank wall is free at top & hinged at base, Hoop tension at different heights of the wall as per Table 12
of IS 3370-IV
Height Coefficient Hoop Tension /m height Area of steel required Dia. of bar (ɸ) Spacing of bars Spacing if steel
from top (K) (KN) (mm2) provided on
(M) both faces
0.1H 0.3 0.096 10.61 81.64 8 616 1231
0.2H 0.6 0.208 22.99 176.88 8 284 568
0.3H 0.9 0.324 35.82 275.52 8 182 365
04.H 1.2 0.443 48.97 376.72 8 133 267
0.5H 1.5 0.564 62.35 479.62 8 105 210
0.6H 1.8 0.661 73.07 562.10 8 89 179
0.7H 2.1 0.697 77.05 592.72 8 85 170
0.8H 2.4 0.621 68.65 528.09 8 95 190
0.9H 2.7 0.386 42.67 328.25 8 153 306
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3.00
Max hoop cofficient at 0.7H or at 2.10 m from the top 0.697
Max Hoop tension = 77.05 KN
Area of steel required per metre height (A sh ) = 592.72 mm 2)
Hoop rings on each face = 296.36 mm 2

Area by using Tor Steel 8 mm ɸ, (A ɸ) = 50.27 mm ) 2

Then, Spacing of steel A ɸ x1000/A st = 169.61 mm

Say 150 mm
Actual steel provided = 335.10 mm2)
As the pressure varies linearly with depth, hoop tension will vary linearly with depth.The area of reinforcement required will also vary
linerly.The spacing of reinforcement is gradually increased towards top.
"At" reqd.at depth of 2.00 mtr.below the top
i.e. = 2.00 / " h" x Ast = 564.49 mm 2

Area of steel on each face = 282.25 mm 2

Minimum area of steel on each face = 300.00 mm 2

Adopt max.area of steel = 300.00 mm 2

Area by using Tor Steel 8 mm ɸ,(A ɸ) = 50.27 mm 2

Then, Spacing of steel A ɸ x 1000 / A st = 167.55 mm

Say 150 mm
"At" reqd.at depth of 1.50 mtr.below the top
i.e. = 1.50 / " h" x Ast = 423.37 mm 2

Area of steel on each face = 211.69 mm 2

Minimum area of steel on each face = 300.00 mm 2

Adopt max.area of steel on each face = = 300.00 mm 2

Area by using Tor Steel 8 mm ɸ ,(Aɸ) = 50.27 mm2)

Then, Spacing of steel A ɸ x 1000 / A st = 167.55 mm
Say 150 mm
Spacing of horizontal rings in cylindrical wall on each face as under (height from the Top)
From To Height from top
0.0 1.50 1.50 8 mm dia 150 mm c/c
1.50 2.10 0.60 8 mm dia 150 mm c/c
2.10 3.00 0.90 8 mm dia 150 mm c/c
3.00
Moments calculated with the condition wall fixed at Base as per IS 3370 (Part IV ) Table 10
Moments = cxwxH3
wH3 = 270 KNM
Maximum (+) moments will be at height 0.8 2.4 m from the top
coefficient (C ) + 0.0038 (tension outside) = 1.03 KNM
Maximum (-) moments will be at full depth 1 3.00 m from the top
coefficient (C ) (-) 0.0146 (tension inner side) = 3.94 KNM
Area of steel required on inner side = 197 mm2
by using Tor Steel 8 mm ɸ, (Aɸ) = 50.27 mm2
Spacing of steel A ɸ x 1000 / A st = = 255.39 mm
Say 150 mm
Steel required for outer side = 51 mm2
Distribution of Steel/ Minimum steel
@ 0.30% = 0.30 %
Ast = % age x wall thickness x 1000 = 600.00 mm 2

Minimum area of steel on each face = 300.00 mm 2

Area by using Tor Steel 8 mm ɸ, (Aɸ) = 50.27 mm ) 2

Then, Spacing of steel A ɸ x 1000 / A st = = 167.55 mm

Say 150 mm
Provide 8 mm φ vertical steel 150 mm c/c on inner face of wall upto 1 m height
thereafter 150 mm by keeping cover of 30 mm and Outer face 8 mm φ
vertical 150 mm c/c & extend the vetrical bars of outer face in the dome to take care of continuity.

D) Design of Bottom Dome :- Grade M 30

Long radius of bottom dome (R 2) = = 4.97 Mts.
SinØ = 0.6745
or Ø = 0.740 Radian Then, Ø= 42.42 Deg.
Cos Ø = 0.738
1+ Cos Ø = 1.738
Let thickness of bottom dome ("T b.dome ") = = 150 mm
Ww = ((π/4 x D12 x H -(π/3 x h22) x (3 R2 - h2)) x10 4
= 756678.32 N
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Total surface area of dome = 2 x π x long R 2 xh 2 = 40.57 m 2

Self wt.of bottom dome = 152121.81 N

Total weight = (W 2) = 908800.12 N
Load per unit area = (P 2) = 22403.10 N/m 2

Hoop stress = 0.121 N/mm2

Compressive Meridinal stress = 0.43 N/mm2
Allowable compressive stress in domes for M30 = 3.20 N/mm2
Since the stresses are very small,provide minimum reinforcement /nominal reinforcement @ 0.30 %
of gross area.
Thickness of bottom dome = 150.00 mm
"p" = 0.30 %
(p /100) x Thickness of Bottom dome x 1000 = 450.00 mm2
Provide Tor steel 450.00 mm 2 in each direction.
Area of using bars 8 mm ɸ , (A ɸ) = 50.27 mm 2 )
A ɸ x 1000 / A st = 111.70 mm
Say 100 mm
Provide Tor steel of 8 mm dia. @ 100 mm,c/c bothways &
provide 8 Nos.(Extra hoops) bars 8 mm ɸ in a length of
655.96 mm at top, say 650 mm, at top to take care of continiuty
effect & also increase thickness to 188 mm , near supports.

E) Design of Bottom Ring beam:- Grade M30

Assume the size of bottom ring beam '= 450 x 700 mm
or = 0.450 x 0.700 m
Loads acting on the botom ring beam
1 Live load from top dome = 101414.538 N
2 Total wt.of top dome = Surface area of dome x total load (i/c live load) = 202829.08 N
3 Weight from wall
(π x D m of tank x th.of wall x depth of tank x wt.of concrete) = = 368037.58 N
4 Wt. of top beam:-
πxI.D.of tank+ size of bottom ring beam x wt.of concrete = 27096.24 N
Load from bottom dome:-
1 Self wt.of ring beam :-
πx(I.D.of tank+width of beam) x size of bottom beam x wt.of con. = 164521.28 N
2 Weight of water = 756678.32 N
3 Weight of bottom dome = 152121.81 N
4 Weight stairs & railing etc. = 50000.00 N
Total weight = 1721284.30 N
Design Total Load = 1721284.30 N
Mean dia.of tank (dm) = 6.65 mtr.
Mean radius of tank = 3.33 mtr.
Nos. of supports = 6.00 Nos.
2Φ = 60.00 degees Φ = π/ 3 1.047 Rad.
Load / mtr.run = Total load/( π x d m) = 82391.25 N/m
φm C1 C2 C3
12.75 0.089 0.045 0.009
Load/mtr.run x Rm 2 x (φ) = 953878.38 N-m
Max.-ve BM at supports = Mo 84895.18 N-m
Max.+ve BM at mid-span = Mc 42924.53 N-m
Max twisting moment = MIm 8584.91 N-m
Required effective depth = ((Max. BM x 1000/( width of beam x R)) 2

"d" = 323.88 mm
However, adopted overall depth 700 mm is in order from shear point of view.
"d" effective by keeping clear cover & Tor steel used
Clear cover = 40 mm "d"effective = 652.00 mm
T/steel used = 16 mm ɸ, (Aɸ) = 201.06 mm 2 )
Torsional moment ( Mt) = M ' m x (1+D / b of beam) / 1.70 = 12905.41 N-m
Steel at supports : Max.-ve BM (Mo) = M (supports) = 84895.18 N-m
Max.+ve BM (Mc+Mt) = M (mid span) = 55829.94 N-m
A st = M s / j x d x σst = 1163.70 mm 2

No's of bars = 5.79 No's

Say 6.0 No's
Hence, provide 6 No's.bars of 16 mm φ
at top upto 0.3 L from the centre of support and curtail 2 bars thereafter
 Page 5
Steel at mid span :- A st md = (Mms/ j x d x σst) = 765.29 mm 2

Area by using Tor Steel 16 mm ɸ ,(Aɸ) = 201.06 mm 2 )

No's of bars = 3.81 No's
Say 4.0 No's
Hence, provide 4.00 No's.bars of 16 mm ɸ,at bottom at the centre
and curtail 0 bars near the supports
Design for Shear & Torsion :-
C/C span of bottom ring beam = 3.48 m
Clear span of the ring beam = 3.03 m
Shear force in the beam at column support = 143440.36 N
(Total load for beam x bottom radius x π/4)/2
Coefficient of shear force for continuous beams = 0.60
Therefore the shear force (V) = 86064.21 N
Shear force due to twisting moments 1.6T/b = 30524.11 N
Equivalent shear force V e = V +1.6T/b = 116588.32 N
Equivalent shear stress τ e = Ve/bd = 0.397 N/mm3
Maximum shear stress for M30 concrete = 2.20 N/mm2
τe is < than 2.20 N/mm3
" p" = (A s x100/(bd) = = 0.397
From table 23 of IS: 456-2000 τc = 0.230 N/mm 2

Spacing 2 legged stirrups 8 mm ɸ , (Aɸ) = 50.27 mm2

Spacing of shear reinforcement = As = (t ve - t c) b s/st = 173.522 mm
Say 150 mm
Ductility Criterion
Shear reinforcement required in the beam from support face 1304 mm
8 mm φ at 163.00 mm and beyond that 326 mm C/c

Minimum shear reinforcement as under :-

Spacing of S v = 2.50 x A sv xfy/b
Spacing 2 legd.stirrups 8 mm ɸ ,(Aɸ) = 50.27
Asv = No's of legged x p/4 x f 2
= 100.53 mm 2

Sv = 2.50 x A sv xfy/b 231.78 mm , Say 150 mm

Provide 2 Legged stirrups 8 mm ɸ @ 150 mm

centre to centre in top ring beam near support @ and 150 beyond 1.30
m from the supports
Side face reinforcement:-If the depth of ring beam is 750 mm, or above side face reinforcement is required as under:-

Total area of side face reinforcement @ 0.10 % of web area = 315.00 mm 2

Therefore area on each face = 157.50 mm 2

Area by using Tor Steel 12 mm dia ,(A ɸ) = 113.10 mm 2 )

Hence, provide 2.00 No's.bars of 12 mm, as side reinforcement
on each face.
Total area of steel in beam Ast = 2010.62 mm 2

F) Design of Columns:- Concrete Mix 25

The tank is supported on columns = 6 No's.
Columns having dia.of ("d") = 450 mm or 0.45 m
symetrically placed on a circle of mean dia. = 6.65 m
The staging height of the tank above Ground Level = 20.00 m
Height of columns above Ground level = 19.30 m
Therefore, total ht. of columns above ring beam = 20.60 m
Let the columns be connected to raft foundation by means of ring beam,the top of which is 1.30 m
below ground level.
Angle between the braces in degrees = 60 and half the angle = 30 degrees
or 0.5236 radian
C/C Length of brace 3.32 m and Clear span of each brace = 2.87 m
No.of staging = 4 No's & length 2.87 Mtr.
Size of brace = 300 x 500 mm
or = 0.300 x 0.500 Mtr.
Hence total No's of braces beams = No's of Panels x No's of cols. = 24 No's.
Total no's of columns = 6 No's.
Ht.of Ist Panel from top = 3.90 Mtr.
Ht.of IInd Panel from top = 3.90 Mtr.
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Ht.of IIIrd Panel from top = 3.90 Mtr.
Ht.of IVth Panel from top = 3.90 Mtr.
Ht.of Bottom panel = 5.00 Mtr.
Total = 20.60 Mtr.
No. of braced panels = 5
Loads:-
a) Vertical load on columns :-
Load from bottom ring beam=pixMean dia.x Load/mtr.run (load taken on ring beam)= 1721284.30 N
Self wt.of cols. = No's.of cols. x π/4 x dia.of cols.2 x total height of col. x
wt.of concrete. = 491443.27 N
Wt.of braces = Total no's of brace x size of brace in mts.x length of brace
x wt.of concrete. = 258750.00 N
Weight of stairs & finishings etc. = = 50000.00 N
Weight of staging ( Wt of columns+braces+stairs etc.) = 800193.27 N
Total load = 2521477.56 N
Adopt total load (Tank full condition) = 2521477.56 N
(Tank Empty condition) = 1764799.24 N
Load per Column ( Tank full condition ) i/c staging weight = 420246.26 N
Load per Column (Tank empty condition) ) i/c staging weight = 294133.21 N
Weight of each Column per mtr.Ht. = π/4(dia.of col.) 2x1 mtr.x unit wt. = 3976.08 N
Check for wind Load :-
Projected area of tank portion subjected to wind :-
D2 x (h1 x 2/3 + H + depth of bottom ring beam) = 33.58 m2
Centre of action of wind force on tank portion from the bottom of bottom ring beam = 23.04 m
Intensity of wind pressure @ 1500 N/m 2
Assume a shape factor of 0.70 for sections circular in plan.
As per IS Code, the wind force on structure circular in plan :-
0.70 "p"in N /m2 = 1050.00 N/m 2

Wind Force on Tank = Wind force x Shape factor x projected area = 35259.00 N
Centre of action from top of foundation = (Depth of tank+CG of top dome + depth of bottom ring beam)/2 +
Ht.of col.above ring beam (H) = 23.04 m
Wind force acting on staging = No's of Columns x Dia.of column x (Ht.of cols. above G.L. - No's of
braces x "d"of bottom braces) x Wind pressure x Shape factor + No's of braces x"d"of
braces x lengthof one brace x Wind pressure x 0.80 = 96925.50 N
Wind force on columns = NxD (Heightof col- no of bracesx depth of brace) shape factorX pressure 49045.50 N
Wind force on braces = Nx no. of bracesX depth of bracex pressureX intensity 47880.00 N
= 96925.50 N
Wind force on staging acting at 9.65 Mtr.from top of foundation.
Overturing Moment due to wind about base :-
Mo'= Wind force on tank x centre of action from top of foundation + wind force
acting on staging x total ht.of col./2 = 1747539.77 N - m
Total Shear due to wind = Wind force on tank + wind force acting on staging = 132184.50 N
Wind force/Shear per col= Total Shear / No's of columns = = 22030.75 N
Wind Moment (M) = Shear per col.x ht.of bottom panel /2 = 55076.88 Nm
Try 10 Nos.bars of 16 mm dia., in each columns.
Area of 16 mm ɸ, (A ɸ) = 201.06 mm 2
Therefore, A t provided = 2010.62 mm 2

Check for Max.sresses :-

Diameter of column = 450 mm
Nominal cover = 40 mm
Modular ratio (m) of concrete mix 25 10.98
Permissible stress in compression = 6.00 N/mm2
Permissible stress in bending = 8.50 N/mm2
Equivalent area of col.(Aequ) = π/4 xd +(1.50m -1) At
2
= 190148.59 mm 2

Effective dia.of col. (d') = 402.00 mm

Equivalent moment of inertia (I c) = π/ 64 x d 4+ (1.5m -1) x At x d' 2/2
(Ic ) = 3228965896 mm 4

Er =2
33.167 m2
Er2= 33.167 m 2

Maxi.vertical load on remotest column due to wind (M x r/Er ) =

2
175191.96 N
Total downward load per column for tank full condition = 595438.22 N
(a) Tank Full :- =
Compressive Stress P/A = 3.13 N/mm2
Bending Stress (M/I)*y = 3.43 N/mm2
 Page 7
Min.resultant stress = 0.30 N/mm3
Intersection Eq. = (σ cc (calculated) /σ cc) + (σ cbc (calculated) /σ cbc) < 1.00
Increase the allowable stresses by 33.34 %, since wind is considered.
L.H.S. = 0.69 < 1.00 Hence, Safe.
(b) Tank Empty :-
Net downward load per column for tank empty condition = 118941.25 N
Direct Stress = 0.63 N/mm2
Bending Stress = 3.43 N/mm2
Minimum resultant stress = 2.80 N/mm2
Modulus of rupture of Con. Mix 25 = 3.50 N/mm2
( Minimum stress should be < than1.5 times (75% modulus of rupture of concrete) 3.94 N/mm2
Since 2.80 < 3.94 N/mm 2
Hence Safe.
Seismic Analsis :-
Weight of Staging = 800193.27 N
Live load on the top dome = 101363.12 N
W f = Wt.of tank full - live load + 1/3 wt.of staging Wf = 1886652.26 N
or = 1886.65 Ton
We = Wt. of tank empty We= 1129973.94 N
or = 1129.97 Ton
The value of "E" for M 25 = 5000* Sqrt fck 25000.00 N/mm2

Columns Stiffness = n*12EI/h3 No. of columns (n) = 6 12 E1/h 3

Stiffness of the lowest panel K1= n*12EI/h3 = 46497.11

Stiffness of the other panels (K2, k3, k4) = 97981.06
Total stiffness 1/k = 0.000062331
K = 16043.40
1/K = ( 2.873296924E-06 )
K= 348032.25 N/mm
a) Tank full ( Tf ) = 2 x π x (W f / K x 9810) 0.50
= 0.69 Sec.
b) Tank empty ( Te ) = 2 x π x (W e / K x 9810) 0.50
= 0.53 Sec.
Total height of the tank = 24.60 m
Ta (for RC framed buildings ( 0.075 h^0.75)) = 0.83 Sec
For medium soils and 5 % damping
Sa/g for tank full = 1.977
Sa/g for tank empty = 2.55
Damping for concrete structures ( % of critical damping) = 5%
Multiplying factor = 1.0
Therefore Sa/g (Tank full) and 5 % damping = 1.977
Sa/g (Tank Empty) and 5 % damping = 2.55
Lh= Z/2*I/R*Sa/g
For Zone V Zone factor (Z) = 0.24
Importance factor (I) = 1.5
R = 5.0
Z/2 = 0.12
a) Tank full (L h f) = 0.071
Tank full (L v ) = 0.047
b) Tank empy (L h e ) = 0.092
Tank empty (L v e ) = 0.061
Forces Horizontal force (Tank Full condition) = 134273.46 N
Vertical force = 89515.64 N
Horizontal force (Tank empty Condition ) 103915.05 N
Vertical force = 69276.70 N
a) Tank full ( Overturning moment) = 3093056.25 Nm
b) Tank empty (Overturning moment) = 2393735.18 Nm
a) Tank full ( Vertical force on remotest column) = 310080.83 N
b) Tank empty (Vertical force on remotest col.) = 239973.45 N
a) Tank full Total axial force /column in each Column = 730327.09 N
Shear due to EQ per column = 22378.91 N
Seismic Moment per column = 55947.27 Nm
Bending stress (M/Z) = 3.90 N/mm2
Direct Stress (P/A) = 3.84 N/mm2
For Mix M 25 Permissible stresses in Bending = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible stresses in compression = 6.00 N/mm2
=( 0.34 + 0.48 ) = 0.83 N/mm2
 Page 8
It is < than 1.00 N/mm 2 SAFE
b) Tank empty Seismic shear per column. = 17319.18 N
Seismic Moment = 43297.94 N-m
Overturning Moment = 2393735.18 N-m
Vertical load on remotest column = 239973.45 N
Net axial force in the column = 54159.76 N
Direct Stress (P/A) = 0.28 N/mm2
Bending stress (M/Z) = 3.02 N/mm2
Max. resultant stress = 3.30 N/mm2
Min. resultant stress = 2.73 N/mm2
=( 0.27 + 0.04 ) = 0.30 N/mm2
Modulus of rupture of Concrete = 3.50 N/mm2
( Minimum stress < than1.5 times (75% modulus of rupture for concrte) 3.94 N/mm2
Or 1.5 times Modulus of rupture 5.25 N/mm2
Tensile (Safe)
Design of Columns Mix = M 25
Pu = 1095490.63 N
Mu = 83920.91 Nm
Pu/fckD2 = 0.22
Mu/fckD3 = 0.04
d/D = 0.11
p/fck = 0.020
Percentage of steel required = 0.50 %
Ast required = 794.81 mm2
Minimimu steel required as IS: 456 = 1.20 %
Column area required to resist direct stress (Pu/1.5xσCC) = 121721.18 mm2
Minimimu steel required = 1.2 % of x-area = 1908.52 mm2
Therefore the Steel required = 1908.52 mm2
No. of Bars required as column reinforcement = 9.49 Nos
say 10 Nos
Hence Provide bars of 16 201.06 10 2010.62 mm2
12 113.09 0 0 mm2
Design of lateral ties :- 2010.62 mm2
The dia of ties should not be < than 1/4 of Tor steel used in columns = 4.00 mm
Pitch of Ties which should be least of following :-
i) 16 times of Main bars = 256 mm
ii) 48 times of ditribution bars = 384 mm
iii) Dia.of Cols. - 2 x clear cover = 370 mm
Ductility Criteria
(i) 1/4 least lateral diamension = 112.5 Over a distance of 650.0
Say 100 Over a distance of 700
(ii) 1/2 the least lateral diamension = 225
Say 150 mm
Hence adopt the pitch of ties = 100 mm from joint upto 700 mm
Hence adopt steel for lateral ties 8 mm ɸ, keeping in view the size of columns
and dia. of bars @ 150 mm centre to centre at centre portion & 100 mm c/c
near supports upto 700 mm
G) Design of Bracing :-
The max.B.M. in the brace will occur, when it is assumed that the wind is blowing at right angles of the brace.
Wind load on the tank = 35259.00 N
Wind load on the staging = 96925.50 N
Maximum load for design of lowest brace = 107953.13 N
(load on tank + 3/4 load on staging)
This will go on reducing by wind load on staging/6 = 24231.38 N for every successive brace
Maximum shear force due to seismic force= 134273.46 N
which is > 107953.13 N

Therefore, design shear force for all braces = 134273.46 N

Shear per column 'S' = 22378.91 N
Max. BM per column 'Mc' = S*h/2 55947.27 Nm
Moment in any brace beam 'Mb' = 2Mc cosecQ
No.of columns 6 ϴ 60 degrees
1.047 radians
Sin ϴ = 0.866 Cosec ϴ = 1.155
 Page 9
Moment in any brace beam 'Mb' = 129204.695 Nm
Required steel (Ast) = 1202.91 mm2
Mb/(1.5xσstXd)
Size of brace = 300 x 500 mm and cover 25 mm
Using Tor Steel 16 mm ɸ bars, effective depth for bracing
"deff" = Depth of brace - c.c. -ɸ/2 = 467.00 mm
Using the Tor Steel of 16 mm ɸ ,(Aɸ) = 201.06 mm 2
No's of bars = 5.98 No's
say 6.00 No's
Provide 6 No's bars of 16 mm ɸ , at " top and bottom" of the braces

Shear Reinforcement
Max shear force = 2Mb/L = 77717.1099780267 N
Shear stress = 0.55 N/mm2
p = Ast*100/bd 0.86
Permessible shear stress = 0.360 N/mm2 AS PER IS CODE 456-2000 TABLE-23
Design shear force = (Tv-Tc)*b*d 27281.1099780267 N
Spacing 2 legged stirrups 8 mm ɸ , (A ɸ) = 50.27 mm 2)
Sv = 0.87*Tst*Asv*d/Td 344.351345186367 mm
say 200 `
Hence, provide 8 mm ɸ @ 200 mm centre to centre.

Else if the calculated shear stress is less than the permissible stress, then provide minimum reinforcement as follow :
Provide minimum shear reinforcement :-
Spacing (S v ) = 2.50 x A sv xfy/b
Spacing 2 legged stirrups 8 mm ɸ , (A ɸ) = 50.27 mm 2)
Asv = No's of legged xπ/4 x f 2
= 100.53 mm 2

Sv = 2.50 x A sv xfy/b 347.67 mm , Say 200 mm

Hence, provide 8 mm ɸ @ 200 mm centre to centre.
H) Design of Foundation :- M 25
Max.load on foundations for condition (tank full) W = 2521477.56 N
Self wt.of the foundation @ 10% of (W) = 252147.76 N
Total load Wt = 2773625.32 N
Safe Bearing capacity of the Soil = 162.00 kN/m2
Therefore , area of the foundation required = 17.12 m2
The required area of foundation will be provided in the form of circular raft slab which projects equidistant on either side
of a circular ring beam which will connect all the columns at their base.
Circumfererence of columns = 20.89 m
Minimum width required on either side = 0.82 m
Provide width = 1.50 m
Outer diameter of raft slab = 8.15 m
Inner diameter of raft slab = 5.15 m
Therefore, area of raft provided (A ) = 31.34 m2
Hence the proposed width of the raft slab is safe
Provide raft circular footing of outer dia.= 8.15 m & inner diameter = 5.15 m
Therefore the provided width = 1.50 m
Assume the cols. be connected to a circular beam at base, which in turn is connected to raft slab.
Section Modulus = π/32 x (O.D.4 - I.D.4)/O.D. (Z) = 44.67 m3
Pressure on soil due to total load = W/ Area of footing provided = 80.46 KN/m2
Depth of Foundation :-
By adopting RANKINE'S FORMULLA,the minimum depth of foundation
Df = po/g x (1 - sin f/1 + sinf) 2

Where Df = Min.depth of foundation in mtr. g of Soil = 20.00 kN/m3

po = Bearing capacity of soil in kN/m 2 ф = 31.50 Deg.
g = Density of soil in kN/m 3
ф = Angle of repose of soil
Required minimum depth of foundations = 0.90 Mtr.
Provide foundation depth 2.00 Mtr.
(A) Pressure distribution under earthquake effects :-
Tank full Direct Load = 2610993.20 N
(Total load excluding foundation + vertical force due to EQ ) 2610.99 KN
Overturning Moment = 3093056.25 Nm
or = 3093.06 kNm
Area of footings provided (A) = 31.34 m 2
 Page 10
Section Modulus (Z) = 44.67 m 3
Pressure due to vertical loads (P/A) = 83.32 kN/m2
Pressure due to Moments (M/Z) = 69.24 kN/m2
Maximum Pressure = ( + ) 152.56 kN/m2
Minimum Pressure = ( - ) 14.08 KN/m2
< than B.C. x 1.50 = 243.00 KN/m2
Empty Direct Load (Tank Empty load - Vertical of EQ forces) = 1695.52 kN
Overturning Moments = 2393.74 KNm
Pressure due to vertical loads (P/A) = 54.11 kN/m2
Pressure due to Moments (M/Z) = 53.58 kN/m2
Maximum Pressure = ( + ) 107.69 Kn/m2
Minimum Pressure = ( - ) 0.52 Kn/m2
< than B.C. x 1.50 = 243.00 KN/m2
(B) Pressure distribution under wind load :-
Tank full Direct Load ( Load of tank full i/c foundation load -live load) = 2672.21 kN
Overturning Moments due to wind force = 1747.54 kN
Pressure due to vertical loads (P/A) = 85.27 KN/m2
Pressure due to Moments (M/Z) = 39.12 KN/m2
Maximum Pressure = ( + ) 124.39 KN/m2
Minimum Pressure = ( - ) 46.15 KN/m2
< than B.C. x 1.50 = 243.00 Kn/m2
Tank empty Direct Load (Load above - weight of Water) = 1915.53 KN
Overturning Moments due to wind force = 1747.54 kN
Pressure due to vertical loads (P/A) = 61.13 KN/m2
Pressure due to Moments (M/Z) = 39.12 KN/m2
Maximum Pressure = ( + ) 100.24 KN/m2
Minimum Pressure = ( - ) 22.01 KN/m2
< than B.C. x 1.50 = 243.00 KN/m2
Design presssure of soil on the raft:
(i) Pressure on soil due to DL+Live load (p) = 80.46 KN/m2
(ii) Pressure on soil due to Eartquake loads (Maximum) = 152.56 KN/m2
(Minimum) = 0.52 KN/m2
(iii) Pressure on soil due to Wind loads (Maximum) = 124.39 KN/m2
(Minimum) = 22.01 KN/m2
(iv) Max. pressure on soil = 152.56 KN/m2
(v) Average pressure = 83.32 KN/m2
(vi) Pressure on soil due to Dead + Live Loads = 80.46 KN/m2
(vii) Uniform pressure = 1.33 ( p on soil + x) = 152.56 KN/m2
x = 34.24 KN/m2
(viii) Therefore the Design Pressure = 114.70 KN/m2
Design Pressure (Maximum) = 114.70 KN/m2
Width of foundation beam being 450 mm or = 0.45 Mtr.
Overhang on both sides = 0.525 Mtr.
Raft slab Thickness
Consider one metre width of the raft slab, design load = 114.70 kN/m
Bending moments at the face of the Column/ beam = 15807.73 Nm
Effective depth required "d" = 119.34 mm
Provide 350 mm thick slab and reduce thickness to 250 mm at edges
Therefore "d" (Effective) available = 294 mm
Using Tor Steel 12 mm ɸ (Aɸ) = 113.10 mm2)
"d" effective = 294.00 mm
Since the earthquake effects are considered the permissible stress in tor steel will be increase by 33%
Area of steel required (A st )= 258.88 mm 2

Spacing of Tor Steel = 436.86 mm

Hence Say 200 mm
provide 12 mm φ , radial bars @ 200 mm c/c.
Taking 0.12 % of gross area, Area of steel = 360.00 mm 2

Using Tor Steel 12 mm ɸ, (A ɸ) = 113.10 mm2)

Spacing of Tor Steel = 314.16 mm
Say 200 mm
Hence provide 12 mm ɸ, circumferential bars @ 200 mm c/c.
Check for Shear:
Shear force at the face of column = 60.22 KN
Effective depth of the footong = 294.00 mm
 Page 11
Nominal Shear stress = 0.20 N/mm2
Maximum shear stress for the concrete = 1.9 N/mm2

i) Design of circular beam of raft slab :-

Assume the width of the circular beam = 450 mm
Net upward pressure per metre run
Total load i/c foundation / π x Bottom dia. (w) = 172056.91 N/m
C1 = 0.089 R = 3.33 m
C2 = 0.045 Φ = 1.047 radians
C3 = 0.009
Max.-ve BM at supports C1 x w R 2 Φ = 177285.84 N m
Max.+ve BM at Mid span C2 x w R 2 Φ = 89638.91 N m
Max.torsional moment (Mm/) C3 x w R 2 Φ = 17927.78 N m
Required effective depth of the beam"d" = 595.76 mm
Hence adopt overall depth of beam = 700 mm
and the width of circular ring beam = 450 mm
Effective depth, using T/steel 16 mm φ bar & clear cover = 50 mm
"d" = 642.00 mm
Using Tor Steel 16 mm φ , Aφ ) = 201.06 mm2
Torsional moment = M x(1+D/b of beam)/1.70
I
m = 26950.26 N-m

Steel at supports :- Max.- ve BM = 177285.84 N-m

Max.+ ve BM = 116589.16 N-m
Since the earthquake effects are considered the permissible stress in tor steel will be increase by 33%
A st = M T / j x d x 1.33 σst = 999.70 mm 2

Say 999.70 mm 2

No's of bars required = 4.97 No's

Say 5.00 No's
Provide 5 No's.bars of 16 mm φ, at bottom and
curtail 2 No's.bars beyond 0.3 L from supports.

Steel at mid span :-

Max.+ ve BM = 116589.16 N-m
A st = M T / j x d x σst = 657.44 mm 2

Say 657.44 mm 2

Using Tor Steel 16 mm φ (Aφ ) = 201.06 mm ) 2

No's of bars = 3.27 No's

Say 4.00 No's
Provide 4 No's. bars of 16 mm φ , at top and
Curtail 0 No's.bars beyond 0.25 L from supports.

Side face reinforcement:- Required if Depth of beam is > 750mm

If the depth of ring beam is beyond 750 mm, side face reinforcement is required as under:-
Total area of side face reinforcement @ 0.10 % of web area = 315.00 mm 2

Therefore area on each face = 157.50 mm 2

Area by using Tor Steel 12 mm φ ,(Aφ ) = 113.10 mm 2 )

Hence, provide 2.00 No's.bars of 12 mm φ , as side reinforcement
on each face.
Total area of steel in beam Ast = 1809.56 mm 2
Minimum area of steel required = 85/fy % = 0.20 %
= 591.72 mm2
Provided 1809.56 mm2 > 591.72 Hence provided steel is more than minimum required
Design values as per working sress method based on IS codes i.e IS:456 - 2000 as per
recommendation made on IS:456- 2000 vide clause 18.2.2 at page - 32
Design values s cbc ( permissible stress in concrete in bending compression) in N / mm 2

and s cc ( permmissible stress in concrete in direct compression) in N/mm 2 as per working stress method
based on table No.21 of IS:456 - 2000 at page - 81
Grade of Concrete M - 15 M - 20 M - 25 M - 30 M - 35 M - 40
Bending Stress (s cbc) 5.00 7.00 8.50 10.00 11.50 13.00
Direct Stress (s cc) 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Modular Ratio ( m) = 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.12 7.18
280/3 scbc
Bond stress ( t bd in N/mm 2 in plain bars as per table 21 of IS: 456 - 2000 at page 81
Bond stress ( t bd in 0.60 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20
N/mm 2
Development Length of
58.00 44.00 39.00 35.00 32.00 29.00
bars in tension Ld/f
Bond stress (t bd in N/mm 2 in deformed bars conforming to IS : 1786 -1966, the values
increased @ 60 % of plain bars as recommeneded in IS:456 - 2000 at page - 80 Clause B 2.1.2 & bond
stress shall be increased by 25 % for bars in compression also refer table 6.2 of Treasure of RCC Designs
( Susheel Kumar) at page 128.

Bond stress in tension

0.96 1.28 1.44 1.60 1.76 1.92
( t bd in N/mm 2
Bond stress in
compression( t bd in 0.75 1.00 1.13 1.25 1.38 1.50
N/mm 2
Tensile stress in N/mm
2
(vide page 80 of 2.00 2.80 3.20 3.60 4.00 4.40
IS:456-2000)
Development Length of
68.00 52.00 46.00 41.00 37.00 34.00
bars in tension Ld/f

Development Length of bars in compression Ld / f = s s/ ( 5 t bd ) f

Max.Shear stress ( t c max. in N/mm2) as per table - 24 of IS: 456 - 2000 at page 85
Shear stress ( t c max.in
1.60 1.80 1.90 2.20 2.30 2.50
N/mm 2 )
Compressive strength f ck
( in N / m2 ) after 28 days 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00

100 A s / bd
Permiissible shear stress in concrete t c in N/mm2 based on table 23 of IS: 456 -
2000 at page 84
≤ 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
 1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3 & above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.63
As per Clause B.2.3 regarding increase in permissible sresses atpage 80 if IS:456-2000:
When stresses due wind (or earthquake) temperature and shrinkage effects are combined with those
specified in dead, live,and impact be inreased upto a limit of 33.33334 %. Wind & seismic forces need not be
considered as acting simultaneously.
One way Slab = When the ratio between length and breadth of the slab is more than two
Two way Slab = When the ratio between length and breadth of the slab is less than two
Permissible Stresses in Steel reinforcement for strength calculations per table 2 of IS:3370
(Part - II ) - 1965 ap Page - 8 :-
Permissible stress in Kg/cm2 or N/mm 2
Plain round MS bars High yeild strength deformed
conforming to grade I of IS: bars ( HYSD ) conforming to
Types of stress in steel reinforcement
482 (Part - I) - 1966 (with IS: 1786 -1979 or IS:1139 -
Fe 250) 1966 (with Fe 415)

1) Tensile stress in members under direct

1150.00 or 115.00 1500.00 or 115.00
tension (s s)
2) Tensile stress in members due to bending
(sst)
a) On liquid retaining face of members 1150.00 or 115.00 1500.00 or 150.00
b) On face away from liquid for members less
than 225 mm 1150.00 or 115.00 1500.00 or 150.00

c) On face away from liquid for members 225

mm or more thickness 1150.00 or 115.00 1900.00 or 190.00

3) Tensile stress in shear reinforcement (ssv)

a) For members less than 225 mm thickness 1150.00 or 115.00 1500.00 or 150.00
b) For members 225 mm or more thickness 1250.00 or 115.00 1750.00 or 175.00
4) Compressive stress in Columns subjected to
1250.00 or 115.00 1750.00 or 175.00
direct load (s sc)
Coefficient for bending moment and twisting moment in circular beams refer table 33.1 of
Treasure of RCC Designs ( Susheel Kumar) at page 1020 :-
Supports

Degree
Nos.of
S.NO

fm

Remarks
C1

C2

C3

1) 4.00 90.00 0.137 0.070 0.021 19.25

2) 5.00 72.00 0.108 0.054 0.014 15.25
 3) 6.00 60.00 0.089 0.045 0.009 12.75
4) 7.00 51.43 0.077 0.037 0.007 10.75
5) 8.00 45.00 0.066 0.030 0.005 9.50
6) 9.00 40.00 0.060 0.027 0.003 8.50
7) 10.00 36.00 0.054 0.023 0.003 7.50
8) 12.00 30.00 0.045 0.017 0.002 6.25
Refer clause No. 6.1.1to 6.1.3 of vide page 7 of IS: 11682-1985 regarding O.H. tanks :
For tanks upto 50 Cum capacity may be square or circular in shape and supported on staging three
or four columns, above 50 to 200 Cum may be square or circular in shape and supported on staging four
columns and for capacity above 200 Cum & upto 800 Cum the tanks may be square, rectangular, circular
or intze type tank.The numbers of columns to be adopted shall be decided based on the columns spacing,
which normally lie between 3.60 to 4.50 mtr. For circular, intze or conical tanks, a shaft supporting
structrures may also be provided.

Shaft type staging (Refer clause No.8 vide page No.20 & 21 of IS:11682-1985) : The
tower be in the form of single shaft circular or polygonal in plan & be also taperong.The minimum thickness
of concrete shell for staging shall be 150 mm.upto 6.00 mtr.span.Beyond six mtr.span,the minimum
thickness in mm shall be 150 + ( D-6000)/120), where D is the internal diameter of concrete shall in mm

Reinforcement in shell:- Minimum vertical reinforcement shall be 0.25 percent for deformed
bars of the concrete area of the section and shall be provided in two layers, one near each face to make up
the minimum reiforcement.The minimum dia of longitudinal bars shall be 10 mm and the maximum centre to
centre distance of bars shall not exceed twice the thickness of shell nor 400 mm c/c in each layer.

Circumferential reinforcement :- The circumferential reinforcement shall not be less than 0.20
percent of concrete area in vertical section under consideration subject to a minimum of 4.00 cm 2 per metre
height.If the vertical reinforcement is provided in two layers, the circumferential reinforcement shall also be
provided in two layers and minimum reinforcement specified above shall be divided equally in each layer.The
spacing of bars shall not be less more than 300 mm or shell thickness, whichever is less.

Permissible Stresses in Steel reinforcement (Table 22 of IS 456 - 2000 at page 82 ) :-

Types of stress in steel reinforcement
Permissible stress in N/mm 2
Plain round MS bars High yeild strength deformed
conforming to grade I of IS: bars (HYSD) conforming to
482 (Part - I) - 1966 (with IS: 1786-1979 or IS:1139-
Fe 250) 1966 (with Fe 415)

i) Tension (s st or s sv)
190.00 230.00
a) Upto and including 20mm
b) Over 20 mm 130.00 230.00
ii) Compression in columns bars (s sc ) 130.00 190.00
iii) Compression in bars in a beams or slab The calculated compression stress in the surrounding
when the compressive resistance of concrete is conc.multiplied by1.50 times the modular ratio or s sc ,
taken into account. whichever is lower
iv) Compression in bars in a beams or slab
when the compressive resistance of concrete is
not taken into account
 iv) Compression in bars in a beams or slab
when the compressive resistance of concrete is
not taken into account
a) Upto and including 20mm 190.00 190.00
b) Over 20 mm 190.00 190.00
Notes :-
i) For high yeild srength deformed bars of grade Fe 500, the permissible stress in direct tension and
flexural tension shall be 0.55 f y.The permissible stress for shear and compression shall be as for grade Fe
415

ii) For welded wire fabric conforming to IS:1566, the permissible value in tension s st is 230 N/mm 2

The followings design constants i.e lever arm (j), Netural axis factor (k) &
Moment of resistance factor ( R) are worked out as under :-
Grade of Concrete M - 15 M - 20 M - 25 M - 30 M - 35 M - 40
High yeild strength deformed bars (HYSD) conforming to IS: 1786 - 1979 or IS:1139 -
1966
s st of 230.00 in N/mm 2
Netural axis factor n/d
(k) i.e. m x s cbc / 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289
( m x s cbc + s st)
Lever arm (j) i.e. 1 - k /
0.904 1.000 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904
3
Moment of resistance
factor ( R ) i.e. 0.50 x s 0.653 1.012 1.110 1.306 1.502 1.698
cbc x j x k
s st of 190.00 in N/mm 2
Netural axis factor n/d
(k) i.e. m x s cbc / 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.330 0.329
( m x s cbc + s st)
Lever arm ( j ) i.e. 1 -
0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 1.000
k/3
Moment of resistance
factor ( R ) i.e. 0.50 x s 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.689 2.139
cbc x j x k
s st of 150.00 in N/mm 2
Netural axis factor n/d
(k) i.e. m x s cbc / 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.383 0.384 0.384
( m x s cbc + s st)
Lever arm (j) i.e. 1 - k /
0.872 0.872 0.872 0.872 0.872 1.000
3
Moment of resistance
factor ( R ) i.e. 0.50 x s 0.837 1.172 1.423 1.670 1.925 2.496
cbc x j x k
DL = Dead Load scbc = Compressive Stress in concrete in bending.
LL = Live Load s st = Tensile stress in concrete.
TL = Total Load d e = Effective depth
Ast = Reinforcement required j = Lever arm.
M.K.S. system of units has been adopted with value of g = 9.81 mtr./Sec.
 For water retaining stuctures, minimum reinforcement for 100 mm section is 0.24 % and
can be reduced to 0.16 % for 450 mm section, for different thickness (t) the reinfircement required as
per clause 7.1.1 of IS Code 3370 (Part II) is as under :-

Area of steel = (( 0.30 - 0.10 ( t - 100)/350)) x 0.80 x t / 100

In concrete section of thickness more than 225 mm, two layers of reinforcing steel has
been proposed, one near each face of the section as per clause 7.1.1 of IS code 3370 (Part - II)

Clear cover to reinforcement will be as follows :-

Footings: vide clause No.26.4.2.2 of IS:456-2000 at page 46 = 50
Raft bottom : = 50
Raft top : = 30
Columns : vide table 16 A of IS:456-2000 at page 47 = 40
Surfaces in contact with liquid = 30
Wall outer faces = 25
Beams in contact with liquid = 25
Slabs not contact with liquid = 15
Earth quake force :-
The earthquake force will be considered as per IS 1893 - 1984 = 0.05
Basic seismic coefficient = IV
Earth quake zone = 1.00
Coefficient "b" depending on soil condition = 1.50
Importance factor = 1.44
Horizontal seismic coefficient b I α O
Basic rules for the reinforcement on Columns :-
Based on IS: 456 - 2000 vide page 48 to 49 vide clause No.26.5.2.2 to 26.5.3.3
Longitudinal reinforcement: a) Min.0.80 % and maximum 6% of gross area
b) Nos of bars in Columns: i) In circular - minimum bars not less than 6.00 Nos. and 4.00 Nos. bars in
rectangular column.
c) Dia.of bars :- Not less than 12 mm f and maximum not more than 50 mm f
d) Clear cover :- 40 mm or dia.of bar, whichever is more.
Transverse reinforcement :-
a) Minimum dia i.e. 1/4 th of the dia.of largest longitudinal bars and not less than 5 mm.
b) Maximum dia of tie bars not more than 12 mm.
Pitch of Tie bars :-
a) Least lateral dimensions of the compression members
b) 16 times of smallest dia.of longitudinal reinforcement bar.
c) 300 mm
Spacing of lateral ties :-
The least spacing of lateral tie be 150 mm centre to centre and for the siprals, the minimum pitch shall
be 25 mm or 3 times dia.of helical reinforcement member,whichever is more.
Requirements of reinforcement for structural members :- vide clause No.26.5.1 of IS: 456 - 2000
vide page 46 to 47
Tension reinforcement in beams a) Minimum reinforcement in tension shall be as :
As / b d ≥ 0.40 / 0.87 x fy
Where
As = minimum area of tesion reinforcement
b = breadth of beam or the breadth of the web of T - beam
d = effective depth
 fy = charactereristic strength of einforcement in N / mm2
b) Maximum reinforcement in tension shall be as:
The maximum area of tension reiforcement shall not exceed 0.04 b D
Compression reinforcement :- vide clause No.26.5.2 of IS: 456 - 2000 vide page 46 to 47
The maximum area of compression reiforcement shall not exceed 0.04 b D.Compression
reinforcement in beams shall be enclosed by stirrups for effective lateral restraint.
Side face reinforcement :- vide clause No.26.5.3 of IS: 456 - 2000 vide page 47
Where the depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750 mm, side face reinforcement shall be provided
along the two faces.The total area of such reinforcement shall be not less than 0.10 % of the web area
and shall be distributed equally on two faces at a spacing not exceeding 300 mm or web
thickness,whichever is less.
Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement :- vide clause No.26.5.1.5 vide page 47
The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement measured along the axis of the members shall not
exceed 0.75 d for vertical stirrups and d for inclined stirrups at 45 0, where d is the effective depth of the
section under consideration. In no case shall the spacing exceeds 300 mm.
Minimum shear reinforcement :- vide clause No.26.5.1.6 vide page 48
Minimum shear reinforcement in the form of sirrups shall be as :
Asv / b sv ≥ 0.40 / 0.87 x fy
Where
Asv = total cross sectional area of stirrups legs effective in shear
Sv = stirrups spacing along the length of the member
b = breadth of the beam or breadth of the web flanged beam
fy = charactereristic strength of the sirrups reinforcement in N / mm 2, which shall not be taken greater
than 415 N/mm2.
Minimum reinforcement :- vide clause No.26.5.2.1 vide page 48
The mild steel reinforcement in either direction in slab shall not be less than 0.15% of the total
cross sectional area, However, this values can be reduced to 0.12 % when high strength deformed bars
or welded wire fabric are used.
000 as per

mpression) in N / mm 2

rking stress method

M - 40
13.00
10.00

7.18

t page 81

1.20

29.00

86 -1966, the values

e B 2.1.2 & bond
ure of RCC Designs

1.92
t bd ) f

1.50
Ld / f = s s/ ( 4

4.40

34.00

page 85

2.50

40.00

able 23 of IS: 456 -

0.20
0.23
0.32
0.38
 0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63
0 if IS:456-2000:
ned with those
mic forces need not be

re than two
s than two
e 2 of IS:3370

m2 or N/mm 2
ld strength deformed
YSD ) conforming to
6 -1979 or IS:1139 -
ith Fe 415)

500.00 or 115.00

500.00 or 150.00

500.00 or 150.00

900.00 or 190.00

500.00 or 150.00
750.00 or 175.00

750.00 or 175.00

r table 33.1 of

Remarks
.H. tanks :
orted on staging three
rted on staging four
, rectangular, circular
e columns spacing,
aft supporting

82-1985) : The
e minimum thickness
,the minimum
concrete shall in mm

ercent for deformed

ach face to make up
he maximum centre to
each layer.

not be less than 0.20

of 4.00 cm 2 per metre
cement shall also be
ually in each layer.The
s.

ge 82 ) :-
N/mm 2
ld strength deformed
YSD) conforming to
6-1979 or IS:1139-
ith Fe 415)

230.00

230.00
190.00
the surrounding
ular ratio or s sc ,
 190.00
190.00

s in direct tension and

be as for grade Fe

on s st is 230 N/mm 2

factor (k) &

M - 40
r IS:1139 -

0.289

0.904

1.698

0.329

1.000

2.139

0.384

1.000

2.496

te in bending.

c.
ection is 0.24 % and
cement required as

reinforcing steel has

370 (Part - II)

50 mm
50 mm
30 mm
40 mm
30 mm
25 mm
25 mm
15 mm

0.05
IV
1.00
1.50
1.44

.5.3.3

00 Nos. bars in

m.

minimum pitch shall

of IS: 456 - 2000

be as :
6 to 47
mpression

ment shall be provided

0 % of the web area
r web

e 47
e members shall not
effective depth of the

s:

not be taken greater

48
0.15% of the total
ength deformed bars
Values of Design Constants

Grade of Modular Mild Steel σst = 140 N/mm2 Fe 415 σst=

σcbc
Concrete ratio m k j R Pt k j
M15 5 18.67 0.4 0.867 0.87 0.72 0.29 0.903
M20 7 13.33 0.4 0.867 1.21 1 0.29 0.903
M25 8.5 10.98 0.4 0.867 1.47 1.21 0.29 0.903
M30 10 9.33 0.4 0.867 1.73 1.43 0.29 0.903

For liquid retatining structures

Grade of Modular Mild Steel σst = 140 N/mm2 Fe 415 σst=
σcbc
Concrete ratio m k j R Pt k j
M15 5 18.67 0.4 0.867 0.87 0.72 0.29 0.903
M20 7 13.33 0.4 0.867 1.21 1 0.29 0.903
M25 8.5 10.98 0.4 0.867 1.47 1.21 0.29 0.903
M30 10 9.33 0.4 0.867 1.73 1.43 0.29 0.903

IS 3370 (PART4)-1967 TABLE 12

H2/Dt 0.0H 0.1H 0.2H 0.3H 0.4H 0.5H 0.6H 0.7H
0.40 0.474 0.44 0.395
0.80 0.423
1.20 0.35
1.60 0.271
2.00 0.205
3.00 0.074
4.00 0.017
5.00 -0.008
6.00 -0.0011 0.103 0.223 0.343 0.463 0.566 0.639 0.643
7.40 -0.00138 0.098 0.213 0.330 0.449 0.565 0.654 0.681
8.00 -0.0015 0.096 0.208 0.324 0.443 0.564 0.661 0.697
10.00 -0.0008 0.095 0.2 0.311 0.428 0.552 0.666 0.73
12.00 -0.0002
14.00 0
16.00 0.002

IS 3370 (PART4)-1967 TABLE 12

H2/Dt 0.0H 0.1H 0.2H 0.3H 0.4H 0.5H 0.6H 0.7H
0.40 0.474 0.44 0.395
0.80 0.423
1.20 0.35
1.60 0.271
2.00 0.205
3.00 0.074
4.00 0.017
5.00 -0.008
6.00 0.0001 0.0003 0.0008 0.0019 0.0032 0.0046 0.0051
7.40 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 -0.001 -0.0088
8.00 0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0008 0.0016 0.0028 0.0038
10.00 -0.0008
 12.00 -0.0002
14.00 0
16.00 0.002

100 A s / bd Permiissible shear stress in concrete t c in N/mm2 based on table 23 of IS: 456 - 2000 at page 84

M - 15 M - 20 M25 M30
≤ 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.457 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42
1.16 0.39 0.41 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.45
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3 & above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.63
 230 N/mm2 Fe 500 σst = 275 N/mm2
R Pt k j R Pt
0.65 0.314 0.25 0.917 0.57 0.23
0.92 0.44 0.25 0.917 0.80 0.32
1.11 0.534 0.25 0.917 0.97 0.39
1.31 0.628 0.25 0.917 1.15 0.46

130 N/mm2 Fe 500 σst = 275 N/mm2

R Pt k j R Pt
0.65 0.314 0.25 0.917 0.57 0.23
0.92 0.44 0.25 0.917 0.80 0.32
1.11 0.534 0.25 0.917 0.97 0.39
1.31 0.628 0.25 0.917 1.15 0.46

0.8H 0.9H
0.0981 0.2125 0.3297 0.449 0.5646

0.547 0.327
0.599 0.368
0.621 0.386
0.678 0.433

0.8H 0.9H 1H

0.0029 0.0041 -0.0187

0.0015 0.0009 0.00123
0.0029 -0.0022 -0.0146
S: 456 - 2000 at page 84
0.6544 0.6808 0.5988 0.3683
 14
2 0.197
4 0.417
6 0.659
7 0.761
8 0.752
9 0.513
 10
0.095
0.2
0.311
0.428
0.552
0.666
0.73
0.678
0.433