ICSE EXAMINATION

PREPARATORY PAPER ANSWER KEY

PHYSICS
(SCIENCE PAPER 1)
Section A is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section B.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [].
SECTION A
(Attempt all questions from this Section.)
Question 1
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [15]
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only.)
(i) (b) moment of force
(ii) (b) p = ✓2mK.E
(iii) (a) out of plane of paper
(iv) (b) chemical to heat to mechanical to electrical
(v) The resistance of conductor increases as well as its specific resistance.
(vi) (a) both assertion and reason are true.
(vii) (b) X will be grave and Y will be shriller.
(viii) (a) A
(ix) (b) free vibrations
(x) (a) protons = 93, neutrons = 144
(xi) (d) kg m2s-2
(xii) (a) at the intersection of its medians
(xiii) (d) 4f
(xiv) (d) Both (b) and (c)
(xv) (c) ultrasonic vibrations

Question 2

(i) (a) 1. Transverse Nature: Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves, which means the oscillations are
perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
2. Speed: In vacuum, all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed, which is the speed of light,
approximately 3 × 10^8 m/s.

(b) One use of infrared radiation is in remote controls. Infrared radiation is used to transmit signals to
televisions, air conditioners, and other electronic devices.

(ii)

(iii) The change in kinetic energy = Initial potential energy - Final potential energy = 1.68 J - 0.9 J = 0.78 J

(iv) A single fixed pulley is used despite no gain in mechanical advantage because it changes the direction of
the force. It allows us to apply force downwards to lift a load upwards, which is often more convenient.
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 (v) (a) The e.m.f across the primary and secondary coils of a transformer is related to the number of turns in the
coils by the formula: Ep / Es = Np / Ns where Ep and Es are the e.m.f across the primary and secondary coils
respectively, and Np and Ns are the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils respectively.

(b) Transformers work on alternating current (AC).

(vi) (a) The nuclear radiation which on accepting two electrons changes to helium gas is alpha radiation.
(b) One property of alpha radiation is that it is positively charged.

(vii) The current drawn by the bulbs from the supply line is I = P / V = 100W / 220V = 0.45A

Question 3
(i)

(ii) (a) its amplitude - With the change in amplitude, the loudness of sound changes.
(b) in its waveform - With the change in waveform the quality of sound changes.

(iii) The disturbance produced in the environment due to undesirable loud and harsh sound of level above 120
dB is called noise pollution. The source can be loudspeakers, vehicles etc.

(iv)

Total Resistance = (3 + 4 + 3)
= 10 Ω

(v) (a) Radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon. It is the process of spontaneous emission of α or β and γ
radiations from the nucleus of atoms during their decay.
(b) Nuclear waste is waste radiated during the nuclear energy production process. The nuclear plant
produces radioactive nuclear waste. It can cause serious damage to human health and the environment.
One must avoid coming in contact with such radioactive nuclear wastes.

SECTION B
(Attempt any four questions.)
Question 4
(i) (a) Yes. The velocity of particle in circular motion is variable or the circular motion is accelerated even
through the speed of particle is uniform. This is because even the particle is moving in a constant speed, its
direction is continuously changing.
(b) The moment of a force is given by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the point to
the line of action of the force. It is measured in Newton-meters (Nm) in the SI system.

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Here, the forces are acting at the two ends of the half-meter scale, and they are equal in magnitude but opposite
in direction. The distance from the midpoint to either end of the scale is half of the total length, i.e., 0.5/2 = 0.25
m.
The moment due to the upward force is: 20 N * 0.25 m = 5 Nm (anticlockwise)
The moment due to the downward force is: 20 N * 0.25 m = 5 Nm (clockwise)
Since these two moments are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, they cancel each other out.
Therefore, the resultant moment of the forces about the midpoint is 0 Nm. This means there is no tendency for
the scale to rotate about the midpoint due to these forces. The direction of the resultant moment is not applicable
as the magnitude is zero.

(ii) (a) Centripetal force and centrifugal force are two forces that act in opposite directions during uniform
circular motion:
- Centripetal force is a real force that acts on an object moving in a circular path. It is directed towards the
center of the circle, which is why it is called "centripetal" (center-seeking). This force is responsible for keeping
the object in circular motion.
- Centrifugal force, on the other hand, is a fictitious or pseudo force observed in a rotating frame of reference. It
acts radially outward from the center of the circle. It is the perception of an outward force due to the inertia of
the object in motion.

(b) Centrifugal force is not the reaction force of the centripetal force. It is a fictitious force that appears to act on
a mass moving in a circular path when observed from a rotating frame of reference. The actual reaction to the
centripetal force is the equal and opposite force that the object exerts on the source of the centripetal force,
according to Newton's third law.

(c) In the frame of reference of the rotating object, the magnitudes of the centripetal and centrifugal forces are
equal, but they are not the same force and they do not cancel each other out. The centripetal force is a real force
while the centrifugal force is a fictitious force.

(iii)

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Question 5
(i)

(ii)

Question 6:
(i) (a) The mathematical expression for the heat energy (Q) absorbed by a cold body is given by the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where:
- m is the mass of the body,
- c is the specific heat capacity of the body, and
- ΔT is the change in temperature.

(b) The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale, and the size of one degree on the Kelvin scale is the same
as the size of one degree on the Celsius scale. Therefore, a drop of 30°C is equivalent to a drop of 30 K on the
Kelvin scale.

(c) As ice melts to form water at 0°C, the average kinetic energy of the molecules remains constant. This is
because the temperature remains constant during the phase change, and the average kinetic energy of molecules
is directly proportional to the temperature. The energy absorbed during the phase change is used to break the
bonds between the ice molecules, allowing them to move more freely and become liquid.

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(ii)

(iii)

Question 7
(i) (a) The distance of the person from the cliff can be calculated using the formula:

d = (v * t) / 2

where:
- v is the speed of sound, and
- t is the time taken to hear the echo.

Substituting the given values:

d = (336 m/s * 3 s) / 2 = 504 m

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So, the person is 504 m away from the cliff.

(b) If the echo is heard 1.5 s later than the first, the total time taken to hear the echo is 3 s + 1.5 s = 4.5 s. The
new distance from the cliff can be calculated using the same formula as above:

d' = (336 m/s * 4.5 s) / 2 = 756 m

So, the distance moved by the person is 756 m - 504 m = 252 m.

(ii)

(iii) (a) The scientific wave phenomenon involved in tuning the radio channel is called resonance. Resonance is
a phenomenon that occurs when the frequency of a force applied to a system matches the natural frequency of
vibration of the system, resulting in a large amplitude of vibration.

(b) The important characteristic of sound that is affected during this phenomenon is the amplitude of the sound
wave. When resonance occurs, the amplitude of the sound wave increases, making the sound louder.

(c) The frequency of the radio station is given in MHz (megahertz). To convert this to the SI unit of frequency,
which is Hz (hertz), we need to multiply by 10^6. So,

93.5 MHz = 93.5 * 10^6 Hz = 93.5 * 10^6 s⁻¹

Question 8
(i) (a)

(b) The equivalent resistance (Req) of resistors connected in series is given by the formula:

Req = R1 + R2

For the 23 Ω and 35 Ω resistors connected in series, the equivalent resistance (Rs) is:

Rs = 3 Ω + 2 Ω

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Solving this gives Rs = 5 Ω.

The total equivalent resistance (Rt) of this Rp in parallel with the 5 Ω resistor is:

1/Rt = 1/Rs + 1/R3 = 1/5 Ω + 1/5 Ω = 2/5 Ω

So, the equivalent resistance of the arrangement is 2.5 Ω.

(ii) 1. The 2 Ω and 4 Ω resistors are in series, so their equivalent resistance (Rₛ₁) is:

Rₛ₁ = R₁ + R₂ = 2 Ω + 4 Ω = 6 Ω

2. The 3 Ω and 6 Ω resistors are also in series, so their equivalent resistance (Rₛ₂) is:

Rₛ₂ = R₁ + R₂ = 3 Ω + 6 Ω = 9 Ω

3. Now, the 18 Ω resistor is in parallel with both Rₛ₁ and Rₛ₂. The equivalent resistance of resistors in parallel
(Rₑₓ) can be calculated using the formula:

Substituting the given values:

1/Rₑₓ = 1/18 Ω + 1/6 Ω + 1/9 Ω

Solving this gives Rₑₓ = 3 Ω.

So, the equivalent resistance between points A and C is 3 Ω.

(iii) (a) Value of X:

The potential difference across the parallel combination of X and 3 Ω is given as 1 V. Since the resistors are in
parallel, the potential difference across each resistor is the same. Therefore, the potential difference across X is
also 1 V.

Using Ohm's law (V = IR), we can find the current through X:

I=V/R

Substituting the given values:

I=1V/X

But we know that the total current in the circuit is 1 A, and this current splits between the 3 Ω resistor and X.
Since the resistors are in parallel, the current through them is inversely proportional to their resistance.
Therefore, the current through X is less than the current through the 3 Ω resistor.

Let's denote the current through the 3 Ω resistor as I₁ and the current through X as I₂. We have:

I₁ + I₂ = 1 A

Substituting I₂ = 1 V / X into the equation gives:

I₁ + 1 / X = 1 A

We can find I₁ using Ohm's law:

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I₁ = V / R = 1 V / 3 Ω ≈ 0.33 A

Substituting I₁ into the equation gives:

0.33 A + 1 / X = 1 A

X = 1.5 Ω

(b) Value of r:
The potential difference across the battery is given as 1.5 V. The potential difference across the parallel
combination of X and 3 Ω is 1 V. Therefore, the potential difference across r is:

Vᵣ = 1.5 V - 1 V = 0.5 V

Using Ohm's law, we can find r:

r = V / I = 0.5 V / 1 A = 0.5 Ω

So, the value of X is 1.5 Ω and the value of r is 0.5 Ω.

Question 9
(i) (a) The substance condenses at 150°C.
(b) The substance is in the liquid state from 150°C to 60°C.
(c) 1 g of ice at 0° C takes 336 J of heat energy from the drink to melt into water at 0° C. Thus, the drink
liberates an additional 336 J of heat energy to 1 g ice at 0° C than to 1 g ice-cold water at 0° C. Therefore,
cooling produced by 1 g ice at 0° C is much more than that by 1 g water at 0° C.

(ii) (a)

(b) The radiation X emitted in the above reaction is an alpha particle. When it passes through an electric
field, it will be deflected towards the negative plate because alpha particles are positively charged. This is
due to the fact that alpha particles consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, thus carrying a positive charge.

(iii) (a) North pole

Reason — When the magnet leaves the coil, then as per Lenz's law, the bottom end of the coil develops south
pole hence top end of the coil develops north pole.
(b) Direction will be from B to A
Reason — When the magnet leaves the coil, then as per Lenz's law, the direction of induced current in the coil
will try to oppose it. Hence, it will be in the opposite direction to what it was when the magnet entered the coil.
So, direction of induced current will be from B to A.
(c) Lenz's law.
(d) Increasing the number of turns in the coil.

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