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Advanced Well Surveillance - Full Documentation Prosper
Advanced Well Surveillance - Full Documentation Prosper
Workflow Documentation
Technical Overview
User Guide
Implementation Guide
1
Table of Contents
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Introduction
1 Document Content
This document aims at providing both a technical overview of the functionality of the Advanced Well
Surveillance workflow (section 2) as well as reference material for deploying/implementing this
workflow within Petex Digital Oil Field platform.
While the technical overview section is structured following the logical steps of the workflow, due to
the integrated nature of the workflow calculations, it is suggested reading that section in full for the
first time, after which its structured will allow becoming a quick reference guide.
Section Error! Reference source not found. in this document contains a series of case
studies/example to illustrate how all the functionality of the workflow comes together to provide a
powerful well monitoring, diagnostic and analysis tool.
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Technical Overview Introduction
2 Technical Overview
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Objectives, philosophy and principles employed
The Advanced Well Surveillance Workflow is an ‘umbrella’ workflow containing over a hundred
different sub workflows, all aimed at providing information required to understand the current (and
past) performance of the wells within the production/injection system.
From an engineering point of view, the Advanced Well Surveillance Workflow (AWS) provides:
The main principle employed is the exploitation of any data redundancy by performing as many well
performance calculations (e.g. rate estimations) as possible using different methods (and subsets of
data), challenging our understanding of the reality of the well from as many 'angles' as possible.
Each method attempts to isolate one element of the well so that it results focuses primarily on one
clearly defined aspect of the well (e.g. Inflow Performance, ESP, Wellbore, Choke, etc.).
As each method is affected differently by the input data used (many of which are uncertain values
such as current production conditions), the results of the various methods can be used to:
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Technical Overview Introduction
The first step is to challenge the current understanding of the well reality. Within the system, the
current understanding of the ‘reality’ of the well is captured by two main elements:
The physical models contain what is normally referred to as ‘Hard’ data. This corresponds to the
elements which describe the well and do not change that often such as PVT model, completion
description, pump performance data, etc.
The Base Values, on the other hand, can be seen as the ‘Soft’ data which contains the current
understanding of water cut, gor, reservoir pressure, productivity index and other information which
is not normally available as a real time measurement. These base values could be coming from
different sources (e.g. well production tests, user-defined, build up test, etc.)
Mantaining the soft data separetly from the well model itself, allows for a more efficient
management and tracking of this information (not having to update the well physical model every
time that the Water Cut gets updated).
These Base Values will get continuously challenged (through our physical models) in order to detect
and identify changes of well behaviour. This process is a two way process through which our physical
models are also challenged and continuously validated.
This process is carried out by the Base Rate Estimation Methods (first set of calculations in the
workflow). These methods use a combination of real-time data from the field (e.g. FWHP, DHGP,
ChokedP, etc.) and Base Values to carry out a variety of calculations to provide continuous well
monitoring. The objective of this set of calculations is to alert us (through KPIs) of wells that may
require our attention (whether because something happened or our understanding of the current
reality may be improved).
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Technical Overview Introduction
Figure 1 – Step 1: Challenge current understanding by identifying deviations between clauclated and
measured data
The second set of calculations (running in parallel to the Base Rate estimation methods) corresponds
to the AutoRate Method. The objective of this method is to take the real time surveillance process to
the next level by providing advice about what Base Values (as well as well rates) would be required
to make sense of all the available real time data combined. The continuous comparison (vs time)
between the suggested values and the base values will assist in determining what conditions are
changing (e.g. WC, Reservoir Pressure, etc.) and hence improve our understanding of the reality of
the field.
Figure 2 – Step 2: Improve current understanding by estimating base values which can make sense of the
available information from the field
In addition to the above calculations, advanced Analytics will be carried out for a variety of scenarios
to provide detailed information of the confidence level which can be expected from each diagnostic,
based on the amount of real-time data available from the field (as well as the prevailing conditions
of the well).
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Technical Overview Introduction
Lastly, the workflow will provide a wealth of plots and complementary information to assist
confirming/validating any diagnostic/conclusions. These include well performance plots, pressure
and temperature gradient plots, ESP performance plot, etc.
Figure 3 illustrates the above cycle, while Figure 4 highlights the various high level calculation steps
of the Advanced Well Surveillance workflow.
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Technical Overview Introduction
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Technical Overview Introduction
The above set of data is referred to throughout this document as Base Values, Reference Values or
sometimes ‘Soft’ data, and it plays a significant role in the suggested Well Surveillance cycle (Figure
3).
The management of these values (within the well monitoring and surveillance cycle) differs from
some traditional approaches and hence it is worth looking back at the historical evolution of well
surveillance, monitoring and production allocation processes within this context.
Historical backgournd
Historically, well production rates were solely provided by means of well production tests.
These well test rates were then used to determine well allocation factors, based on the well
contribution with respect to the sum of all wells. This allocation factors would then be used to
provide relative continuous (e.g. daily, monthly) well rates based on the total field production
(normally measured). This method is normally referred to as Proportional Allocation Method.
Every time a new well production test became available, these allocation factors would be revised
and the process continued.
∑
,or ∑
This method is very simple and transparent, probably reason why it is still widely used as agreed
fiscal production allocation in many fields today.
However, from a physics/technical point of view this method is very weak, being of very limited use
at the moment of providing an accurate technical production allocation. In this context, technical
allocation corresponds to the one needed to, amongst other things, build robust and good quality
reservoir models (which need good quality production history). This technical allocation is unrelated
to the allocation agreed between partners or government for fiscal related matters (fiscal
production allocation), although from a technical point of view both can be brought together if one
wishes to.
The main weaknesses of the proportional allocation method (in the context of technical allocation)
arise from the fact that:
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Technical Overview Introduction
Well production tests are not carried out at the same time for all wells
Well production tests are often carried out at different conditions than the ones
experienced by the well in normal operation.
Interaction between wells (e.g. changes in back pressure due to a well shut in) are not taken
into account
The continuous changes in well conditions (e.g. well head pressure, water cut, etc.) are not
taken into account
In brief, while the rate provided by a well production test can provide an insight about the
performance of a well (under certain conditions), this is by no means enough to capture the
continuous changes in the field conditions (which affect the real time production from the wells).
This is made evident when the allocation factors are added up and attempt to be reconciled with the
total measured production.
Since then, and through the ability to carry out automated calculations (either using physical or
proxy models) and permanent gauges in the wells, the technical rate allocation has greatly
improved.
The ability to carry out model based rate estimation in a relative high frequency (normally referred
to as virtual metering) allowed capturing some of the changes in the field conditions. This is normally
done by feeding a model with actual real-time well operating conditions (e.g. well head pressure, gas
lift gas, etc.) and hence estimating a more representative current well production rates.
The well production tests still played a hugely significant role, for they provide both the information
which is not measured in real time (e.g. Water Cut, GOR) as well as calibration points for the models.
This methodology revolutionised the ability to monitor well performance, improve the quality of the
production history used for reservoir history matching purposes and many other aspects of field
management.
In many fields, this methodology is also used in one form of another as official production allocation.
One of the remaining weaknesses of this methodology is that, while it takes into account the
changes that can be measured and obtained from the field in real-time (e.g. FWHP), it does not
account for some other (also changing) conditions (e.g. Water cut, GOR) which get updated only
when a new well production test becomes available. In many cases, other changes such as reservoir
pressure are also assumed constant until a new well test analysis is performed (although this can be
overcome by incorporating some reservoir pressure vs time prediction)
With the advances in field instrumentation (e.g. permanent downhole gauges) and new model-
based rate estimation techniques, many of the previously mentioned limitations of single-method
virtual metering were overcome.
For example, having the ability to estimate well production rates independently of the well inflow
performance (please refer to section 0 for an example of such method) allowed avoiding the
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Technical Overview Introduction
Extending this principle to the point of using as many rate methods as the data available from the
field allows to, has brought the ability to identify (and even diagnose) changes in the very conditions
which were assumed to remain unchanged during the calculations (e.g. Water Cut).
While at this stage all the limitations are not yet overcome, this methodology allows identifying and
assessing uncertainties. This by itself assists in reducing them (e.g. helping to prioritise wells during a
well production test campaign). This is because the various methods are affected differently by the
potentially changing conditions (e.g. Water Cut) and hence these are continuously being challenged.
The above methodology (multi-method rate estimation with diagnostic) is what the Base Rate
Methods within the Advanced Well Surveillance Workflow provide.
Today, the combination of the above principles (calculating rates using as many independent
methods as the data and type of well allows) with powerful regression algorithms allows reaching
the ultimate goal of not just challenging our understanding of the current conditions of the well, but
also advising what those conditions are likely to be.
This methodology provides the ability to predict both the well production rates as well as other
associated information such as production conditions, inflow performance, gas lift injection rate and
even ESP degradation, in real time.
The above functionality is provided by the AutoRate method within this workflow.
In addition, several ‘what if’ scenarios can be continuously carried out by the Analytics functionality
within the workflow. This provides an insight on both the likelihood of alternative diagnostics, as
well as the level of confidence to be expected on each of those diagnostics for the prevailing
condition of the well and the data available from the field.
While flow meters have not been explicitly mentioned in the above context, these have also played a
role (in many cases) in improving the technical production allocation. However, these real-time rates
have been arguably relied upon often beyond the value they can offer (considered often as ‘the
truth’ rather than an additional source of information). When dealing with single phase rate (either
water rates or dry gas rates) these meters provide extremely valuable and accurate information.
However, when dealing with multiphase rates, these rates can often be very inaccurate, depending
on the type of meter, calibration status and the quality of their internal calculations/models (e.g.
PVT) in them.
Because of this, the advanced well surveillance workflow is designed to incorporate these externally
measured rates as an additional rate method so that it comes part of the overall surveillance
process. Moreover, several of the workflow calculations are aimed at providing the users with
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Technical Overview Introduction
means of continuously validating these rates and hence monitor any potential drifting or need of
recalibration.
Gathering, processing and managing the input data required by the workflow. This is carried
out by IVM Data Manager component of the system
Orchestrating the automated execution of the workflow (and manage the required
underlying models). This is carried out by IFM and ModelCatalogue components of the
system.
Gathering, processing and managing the output data from the workflow. This is carried out
by IVM Data Manager component of the system
Present the information in suitable formats to the users (Dashboard, Trends, Alarms, Plots,
etc.). This is carried out by IVM Visualisation component of the system
The above high level real-time process within the Digital Oil Field System is highlighted in Figure 5.
Figure 5 - Advanced Well Surveillance Workflow implemented within Petex Digital Oil Field System
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Technical Overview Rate Estimation Calculations (Base Methods)
Figure 7 – Well Production Rates estimated using the Base Rate Methods (Naturally flowing Well)
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Technical Overview Rate Estimation Calculations (Base Methods)
There are up to seven (7) base virtual meter rate methods available (depending on the data available
from the field as well as the type of wells). These are:
VLPIPR Method
VLP Method
IPR Method
Choke Method
ESP Method (ESP lifted wells)
CHP Method (gas lifted wells)
External Method
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Technical Overview Rate Estimation Calculations (Base Methods)
For ESP wells, this method will preferably use the ESP discharge pressure as boundary condition (i.e.
excluding the ESP element in the calculations). If that pressure is not available (or rate calculation
unsuccessful) then it will attempt the calculation using the ESP intake pressure (the ESP performance
will be part of the calculations)
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Technical Overview Rate Estimation Calculations (Base Methods)
This method uses the IPR model (IPR) from the well model in GAP.
For ESP wells, this method will utilise the ESP intake pressure if available or alternatively the ESP
discharge pressure as downstream pressure boundary condition.
While this method is primarily focused on the DP across the reservoir (performance captured by the
IPR component of the well), the downstream boundary condition (i.e. Downhole Gauge Pressure) is
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Technical Overview Rate Estimation Calculations (Base Methods)
hardly at the very bottom of the well. Hence, the calculation involves capturing the pressure drop
along the segment of wellbore between the gauge and the top of perforations.
The above is carried out by correcting the Downhole Gauge pressure to the perforation depth using
the previously calculated gradient from the VLP method. The calculated deltaP between the gauge
depth and the perforation depth is used to correct this pressure (Figure 13). If the VLP method
calculation was unsuccessful or not available, then the gradient results from the VLPIPR method will
be used.
Figure 13 – Using the VLP method results to correct the gauge pressure to perforation depth before carrying
out the IPR method calculation
Choke Size
Choke Discharge Coefficient (configuration)
Flowing Well Head Temperature (for producers)
Flowline (Manifold) Temperature (for injectors)
Water fraction (Water Cut or Water Gas Ratio depending on the type of well)
Gas fraction (Gas Oil Ratio or Condensate Gas Ratio depending on the type of well)
Gas Lift gas injection rate (for Gas lifted wells)
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Technical Overview Rate Estimation Calculations (Base Methods)
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Technical Overview Rate Estimation Calculations (Base Methods)
This method uses the ESP model (captured within the VLP information in GAP).
For this method to be available, the VLP tables in GAP need to contain the casing head pressure as
per section 6.3.
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Technical Overview Rate Estimation Calculations (Base Methods)
The incorporation of externally provided rates as part of base rate methods means these will be part
of the pool of rates available for monitoring and also comparison amongst them. This provides an
invaluable tool to continuously validate the quality of these rates (e.g. quality of the flow meter) as
well as provide additional information to quality control the overall performance of the well.
1
Naturally Flowing Wells
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Technical Overview Rate Estimation Calculations (Base Methods)
1
Preferred boundary condition for ESP lifted wells
2
Alternative boundary condition for ESP lifted wells
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Technical Overview Sensitivity to input calculations
This calculation provides useful information to determine the level of 'reliability' of each method
from a mathematical point of view. This does not directly measure the actual accuracy or precision
of the rates (for the actual accuracy and/or precision of the input data is unknown) but rather
provides information about its sensitivity (how much would the rate change if the input data
changes).
The value reported corresponds to the percentage change in rate per unit percent change in both
boundary condition pressures (%/%). For example, a value of 5 in the Choke method means that if
the Choke Inlet and Outlet pressures changed by 1%, the calculated rate would change by 5%.
The sensitivity to input for external rate method is a user-entered configuration (for the rate itself is
not calculated by the workflow and hence it is not possible to know determine its sensitivity)
These sensitivity to input values are key for the well surveillance KPI calculation.
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Technical Overview Sensitivity to input calculations
If the well performance is ‘outflow constrained’ (e.g. small tubing ID for prevailing production
conditions) then the sensitivity of the method will be low regardless of the productivity of the
reservoir. This is illustrated in Figure 20. Similarly, if the well performance is ‘inflow’ constrained (e.g.
low productivity for prevailing production conditions), then the sensitivity of the method will be low,
regardless of the wellbore performance. This is illustrated in Figure 21.
When the well has a good productivity as well as good wellbore size for the prevailing conditions, its
sensitivity will depend on the ‘slope’ of the IPR and VLP at the point of intersection. Figure 22
illustrates this.
Provided the production conditions are stable, the sensitivity of the VLPIPR method will rarely be
extremely large (compared to other methods). This is because one of the two main components (IPR
and VLP) will eventually act as limiting factor. On the other hand, because this method depends on
both the VLP and IPR aspects of the well, this method carries with it all the possible uncertainties
(water cut, gor, reservoir pressure, PI, etc.) and hence it may not yield the most reliable rate
estimation.
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Technical Overview Sensitivity to input calculations
Figure 20 – VLPIPR method with low sensitivity due to the well being ‘outflow’ constrained
Figure 21 – VLPIPR method with low sensitivity due to the well being ‘inflow’ constrained
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Technical Overview Sensitivity to input calculations
Figure 22 – VLPIPR method with high sensitivity due to healthy productivity and good wellbore size for
prevailing production conditions
Normally, high GOR, low Water Cuts or high rate (relative to the wellbore size) will yield to low
sensitivities, while high Water Cuts or low rates (relative to the wellbore size) will yield to high
sensitivity. This is illustrated in Figure 23 and Figure 24.
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Technical Overview Sensitivity to input calculations
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Technical Overview Sensitivity to input calculations
The extreme case will be when the choke is operating under critical condition and hence the rate will
be independent of changes in the downstream pressure. In this case, the sensitivity of the method
will be extremely low (the only reason why it is not null is because the upstream pressure is also
perturbed during the calculation which affects the critical rate of the choke). This is illustrated in
Figure 25 and Figure 26.
Figure 25 – Choke method with low sensitivity due to large DP across the choke
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Technical Overview Sensitivity to input calculations
Figure 26 – Choke method with high sensitivity due to small DP across the choke
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Technical Overview Sensitivity to input calculations
32
Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
These calculations will provide all the key pressures and temperatures along the wellbore based on
the previously calculated rates (keeping the method boundary conditions as 'anchors' during the
pressure gradient calculations). This allows comparing the various pressures and temperatures to
the measured ones and hence provides additional information to judge how representative these
rates are.
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Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
Figure 29 – Gradient Results for each base rate method (Naturally flowing Well)
The following sections describe any special considerations for each of the methods and/or type of
wells.
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Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
During the rate calculation, this method already performed a full well performance calculation (for
this method uses the flowing well head pressure and reservoir pressure as boundary conditions,
invoking the full well model). Hence, during this step, the VLPIPR method simply reports all the
intermediate pressures and temperatures calculated along the wellbore, corresponding to the
previously calculated rates.
For injector wells, the flowing wellhead temperature is part of the boundary conditions used during
the rate calculations (is an input to the calculation). Hence, this temperature will simply be equal to
the measured one. On the other hand, the Flowing BottomHole temperature will be estimated
(while for producers is simply equal to the reservoir temperature).
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Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
For injector wells, the flowing wellhead temperature is part of the boundary conditions used during
the rate calculations (is an input to the calculation). Hence, this temperature will simply be equal to
the measured one. On the other hand, the Flowing BottomHole temperature will be estimated
(while for producers is simply equal to the reservoir temperature).
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Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
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Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
While the DHGP is conceptually the boundary condition of the IPR rate method, this pressure was
corrected to perforation depth using the rate estimated by the VLP method (Figure 13). Hence, the
DHGP calculated by the IPR gradient calculation will only match the measured one when the IPR and
VLP rate estimation methods yield the same rate.
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Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
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Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
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Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
41
Technical Overview Wellbore Gradient calculations
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Technical Overview Choke Calculations (Flowline Pressure and Temperature)
All the base rate methods go through the same choke calculation.
For producer wells, this calculation involves determining the choke downstream pressure (and
temperature) based on the method’s flowing well head pressure, temperature and rate using the
current choke size.
For injector wells, this calculation involves determining the choke upstream pressure (and
temperature) based on the method’s flowing well head pressure, temperature and rate using the
current choke size.
1
For the VLPIPR, VLP, Choke, CHP and Ext rates methods the FWHP will be equal to the measured one for it is
a boundary condition for those methods.
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Technical Overview Choke Calculations (Flowline Pressure and Temperature)
Figure 41 – Flowline Pressure and Temperature Results for each base rate method (Naturally flowing Well)
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Technical Overview IPR Sensitivity Calculations
The objective of this step is to provide real time reservoir pressure (and PI) estimation (so that the
estimated rate is satisfied by the reservoir).
This information provides yet another way of validating/judging how representative the estimated
rate is (for it provides another value which can be compared to the rest of the information known
about the reservoir). For instance, if to satisfy the rate estimated by the choke method a reservoir
pressure significantly higher than the ‘best estimate’ is needed (and there is nothing to justify an
increase in reservoir pressure) then we can doubt the validity of the estimated rate (or the Base
Values used during the calculations).
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Technical Overview IPR Sensitivity Calculations
Because during this calculation there is only one point available (Q, FBHP), there are infinite IPR
curves which would satisfy it. Because of this, two sensitivities are carried out; each assuming one of
the IPR parameters has not changed.
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Technical Overview IPR Sensitivity Calculations
47
Technical Overview IPR Sensitivity Calculations
For gas wells, only the first sensitivity is carried out (for the productivity is no longer represented by
one single parameter).
IMPORTANT NOTE
Please note that while this calculation produces one calculated PI and one calculated Reservoir
Pressure, these values should not be considered together (i.e. IPR given by the calculated PR and
calculated PI). Each of these calculations is a separate sensitivity and it is based on the other
parameter remaining unchanged (as per Base Value). Hence, the interpretation should be:
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Technical Overview Surveillance KPI Calculation
The Surveillance KPI looks at the convergence/divergence of the various rate methods (how close
the various rates are). In principle, if our understanding of the current conditions in the well
(production conditions, reservoir pressure, etc.) is correct (and the model is representative and of
good quality), the results from the different rate methods should be consistent: convergence
towards a single rate value.
The Surveillance KPI calculations will only be carried out for wells with more than one base rate
method available.
To accommodate the fact that some methods will be mathematically more intrinsically unreliable
than others (sensitive to the input data), the method sensitivity to input values are used to calculate
a rate range for each method. Then if a rate can be found which is included in all rate bands then
convergence is assumed to have been achieved. For instance, if the DP across the choke is very
small, the rate calculated by the choke method will potentially be very unreliable. This will be
captured by the method sensitivity to input (huge changes of rate for small changes of input data)
and hence the choke rate range/band will be relatively large.
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Technical Overview Surveillance KPI Calculation
( ) , while ( )
The parameter h is a configuration parameter used as a scaling factor to increase/reduce the rate
range.
There are four levels (categories) for the KPI: Level 1 to 4, with level 1 being the best. Each category
is determined by how much the rate range of each method needs to be increased to obtain
convergence (to find a rate which is contained within all rate bands). This is controlled by the
parameter h in previous equations. There are three values of h (user-configurable), demarking the
thresholds for each KPI level. Level 1 KPI will be achieved when a rate can be found which lies within
all the rate ranges for the smaller value of h (Surveillance KPI Parameter 1). Level 2 will be achieved
when a rate cannot be found using the smaller value of h but it can be found using the next value of
h (Surveillance KPI Parameter 2). The other levels follow the same logic. If no convergence is found
for the largest value of h (Surveillance KPI Parameter 3) then the highest level (worst) is reported
(Level 4).
As an example, let us assume there is a well with the following rates estimated (and corresponding
sensitivity to input values)
The above will lead to the following rate ranges for each of the KPI levels (it can be seen that the
larger the value of h the larger the range)
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Technical Overview Surveillance KPI Calculation
The above plots show that using the tightest tolerance (h=0.01) there is no rate that would be
contained within all the ranges. Hence, KPI level 1 (best) will not be achieved.
Using the second value of h (0.025) the ranges widen and now we can find a rate that is included in
all ranges (there is overlap). In this case, the KPI calculation will yield a level 2 result (yellow).
We can also see that the higher the sensitivity to input the wider the rate range for that method
(that method is less restrictive). This is to account for each relatively higher intrinsic uncertainty.
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Technical Overview Surveillance KPI Calculation
52
Technical Overview AutoRate
2.8 AutoRate
2.8.1 Introduction
The base rate methods described in section 2.2 are designed to provide a series of rates (each based
on the performance of a specific part of the well) to identify changes of well behaviour and to
challenge our base values (i.e. Reservoir Pressure, Water Cut, GOR, etc.). However, these rates will
not necessarily provide the ‘best rate’ for the well based on all the information available combined.
That is the role and objective of the AutoRate method.
This method combines all the available measured data with the powerful MWA regression algorithm
in GAP to obtain well production rates (and operating conditions) which satisfy all the real time
information available from the field. While the base methods provide a mean to validate our
understanding of the current conditions of the wells (e.g. base values of Water Cut, GOR, Reservoir
Pressure, PI, etc.), the objective of the AutoRate method is to give us a best estimate of what the
current rates (and production conditions) of the well are likely to be. This is arguably the most
powerful calculation within the Advanced Well Surveillance workflow.
This AutoRate method is fully configurable by the user, who can decide what variables the method is
to regress on, including:
The AutoRate method will carry out an evaluation of up to 8 (eight) different cases (scenarios) and
then select the one with the best outcome (minimum deviation between measured and calculated
data). The number of cases will depend on the regression variables chosen.
The AutoRate method also has a ‘Simple’ mode whereby it will select one of the previously
calculated rates based on a priority factor (rather than calculating a new one).
The user controls (through the workflow configuration) whether the AutoRate will operate in Simple
Mode or Advanced Mode.
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Technical Overview AutoRate
If there is only one Base Rate Estimation method available (only one well rate estimation succeeded
or it was available), then that rate will be selected by the AutoRate method.
If several rate estimation methods succeeded (there is more than one calculated rate available for
the well), then the AutoRate Method will select one rate based on their corresponding priority
factor, as explained below.
2.8.2.2.1 Step 1:
The first step is to determine the priority factor for each method
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Technical Overview AutoRate
If the user has entered a value of 0 (Automatic) as priority factor, then the Sensitivity To
Input value is assigned as priority factor for that method.
2.8.2.2.2 Step 2
Eliminate any method for which the priority factor is higher than maximum allowed (Surveillance KPI
configuration Parameter 4).
This is to avoid having a method with a very high sensitivity to input becoming part of the selection
pool.
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Technical Overview AutoRate
Figure 50 – Surveillance KPI Parameter 4 used to define maximum sensitivity to input allowed for a method
to be part of the selection pool
2.8.2.2.3 Step 3
The last step is the selection of the rate method with lowest priority factor.
If all potential rates have been eliminated during the previous step, then Parameter 4 is
automatically relaxed until at least one rate meets the criteria)
The final rate selected (output from this process) will be indicated through the workflow output
variable 5.5.2.55 and displayed by IVM through a series of LEDs (Figure 51)
56
Technical Overview AutoRate
2.8.2.3 Configuration
The configuration of the AutoRate method when in ‘Simple’ mode is essentially controlled by the
priority factors (which in turn control what base rate will be selected)
The use of priority factors are designed with a great deal of flexibility to allow controlling/steering
the selection of rates carried out by the AutoRate method (when in Simple mode).
If all the priority factors are left in Automatic (value=0) then the rate method selected will basically
be function of their sensitivity to input values (the lower the better). However, if there is any
particular method (e.g. Choke) which has a particular low value of sensitivity to input but its
selection is not desired (unless the other methods become particularly unreliable - Sensitivity to
Input very high), this can be controlled by entering a finite priority factor for that specific method.
For example, in the following scenario, and with all priority factors in automatic, the AutoRate (when
in simple mode) would choose the Choke Rate (for the priority factor will be made equal to their
sensitivity to input value)
57
Technical Overview AutoRate
Priority Factor used by AutoRate 3.2 1.2 11.0 0.8 1.8 2.6
RATE SELECTED
However, if we prefer the choke rate not to be used unless all the other methods are too sensitivity,
a finite number in the Choke Priority factor can be entered, which will act as a fixed minimum
sensitivity factor before it actually gets selected.
For instance, a value of 5 in the priority factor will mean that now the VLP method would be
preferred. The choke rate would only be selected if the sensitivity to input values of all the other
candidate rates become higher than 5.
If the sensitivity to input is not desired to be used at all, then a finite number can be entered for all
methods (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) in which case the priority becomes entirely controlled by the entered
number (the available rate with the lowest priority factor will always be selected)
These cases represent potential changes of conditions (with respect to the base values) and hence
provide a powerful real time ‘advisor’. Aspects such as changes in production conditions (e.g. Water
Cut) will be evaluated. This method can even evaluate whether the Gas Lift injection may be
incorrect (especially when this value is not measured but rather allocated). For ESP wells, this
method can evaluate changes on the performance of the pump.
Once the best case is chosen, all the same well performance calculations which were carried out for
the base rate methods (Gradient Calculation, Flowline pressure and temperature calculation and IPR
sensitivity calculation) will be carried out.
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The AutoRate method can utilise virtually every available piece of real time information coming from
the field, including temperature measurements. Table 3 contains a list of the measurements which
the AutoRate method can take into account when determining the well rates.
Measured Data (P & T) Naturally Flowing Gas Lifted Wells ESP Lifted Wells
Wells
Pressures
Flowline Pressure
Flowing Wellhead Pressure
Downhole Gauge Pressure
ESP Discharge Pressure
ESP Intake Pressure
Casing Head Pressure (GL Inj P)
Temperatures
Flowline Temperature
Flowing Wellhead Temperature
Downhole Gauge Temperature
1
Liquid Rate for oil producers, Gas Rate for gas producers
2
WC for oil producers, WGR for gas producers
3
GOR for oil producers and gas condensate producers, CGR for gas producers
4
Gas lift Gas for Gas lifted producers, ESP Wear for ESP lifted producers
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Measured Data (P & T) Naturally Flowing Gas Lifted Wells ESP Lifted Wells
Wells
ESP Discharge Temperature
ESP Intake Temperature
Table 3 – Measured P & T that the AutoRate method can take into account
This case will use the base values of Water fraction (WC/WGR) and Gas fraction (GOR/CGR) and will
calculate the required rate to minimise the deviation between the measured and calculated
pressures and temperatures. The base values used are the same as the ones used for the base rate
methods. This case will essentially find a rate which will be a ‘compromise’ between the previously
calculated base rates.
This case will use the base value of gas fraction (GOR/CGR) and will calculate both the required rate
and water fraction (WC/WGR) to minimise the deviation between the measured and calculated
pressures and temperatures.
This case will use the base value of water fraction (WC/WGR) (GOR/CGR) and will calculate both the
required rate and gas fraction (GOR/CGR) to minimise the deviation between the measured and
calculated pressures and temperatures.
This case will calculate the required rate, water fraction (WC/WGR) and gas fraction (GOR/CGR) to
minimise the deviation between the measured and calculated pressures and temperatures.
This case is only available for gas lifted wells or ESP lifted wells.
This case will use the base values of WC and GOR and will calculate the required rate and gas lift
injection rate to minimise the deviation between the measured and calculated pressures and
temperatures.
This case will use the base values of WC and GOR and will calculate the required rate and ESP wear
to minimise the deviation between the measured and calculated pressures and temperatures.
This case is only available for gas lifted wells or ESP lifted wells.
This case will use the base value of GOR and will calculate the required rate, WC and gas lift injection
rate to minimise the deviation between the measured and calculated pressures and temperatures.
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This case will use the base value of GOR and will calculate the required rate, WC and ESP wear to
minimise the deviation between the measured and calculated pressures and temperatures.
This case is only available for gas lifted wells or ESP lifted wells.
This case will use the base value of WC and will calculate the required rate, GOR and gas lift injection
rate to minimise the deviation between the measured and calculated pressures and temperatures.
This case will use the base value of WC and will calculate the required rate, GOR and ESP wear to
minimise the deviation between the measured and calculated pressures and temperatures.
This case is only available for gas lifted wells or ESP lifted wells.
This case will calculate the required rate, WC, GOR and gas lift injection rate to minimise the
deviation between the measured and calculated pressures and temperatures.
This case will calculate the required rate, WC, GOR and ESP wear to minimise the deviation between
the measured and calculated pressures and temperatures.
Once all the cases (enabled by the user) have been evaluated, the one with the lowest error
(deviation between measured and calculated data) will be chosen.
The configuration of the AutoRate method is critical to obtain sensible results out of it. This is
because the AutoRate method is extremely flexible and can be made to regress on more variables
than the information available from the field allows determining with any degree of confidence.
This section describes the various options and configuration elements. XXX add analytics
The most important aspect is to enable only the evaluation cases which are relevant for that
particular well, and for which enough data is available.
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For example, there is no point in enabling the case where the GOR is a regression variable for a well
which is producing above the bubble point.
The general rule is to start by limiting the number of regression variables to the number of available
rate methods (apart from the IPR method). For example, if there is enough data to carry out a choke
and VLP rate estimation (2 methods), then the rate and WC can be regressed on (2 variables). If the
GOR is also regressed on in this case, while a mathematical solution will be found, the solution will
most likely be non-unique (and potentially misleading), causing the uncertainties (something which
is sought to be reduced) to remain the same.
The user can enable/disable each of the available evaluation cases
In many cases, the use of measured temperatures as part of the regression input data can greatly
improve the solution found (or even allowing the addition of an extra regression variable). However,
this will only add value if the temperature behaviour is accurately captured in the underlying
models. Otherwise, the use of temperature may steer the mathematical regression away from a
good solution. The weight given to the temperature measurements (relatively to the pressure
values) can be controlled by the user (or even disable it altogether).
2.8.3.10.3 Weightings
The MWA regression engine allows setting different weightings to every input data (measurements)
as well as global weightings to the various rate methods (e.g. VLP, Choke, ESP, etc.).
There are some of these weightings which are controlled by the user and some of them are
automatically set by the workflow based on the prevailing conditions of the well and information
obtained through the previous calculations.
This option enables the IPR rate method to be part of the regression. While using the IPR
incorporates an additional rate method, it also incorporates additional uncertainties to the
calculations (i.e. reservoir pressure and/or PI). Because of this, the IPR option should only be used
when the benefits of the additional constraint in the calculations outweights the additional
uncertainty. In other words, when there is a very highlevel of confidence in the IPR model.
Otherwise, it is better not to include the IPR and let the IPR to be back-calculated instead.
This option allows using the previous results (result from the previous run) as starting point for the
new evaluations. This will normally assist in sterring the mathematical regression to the right
direction (especially when the answer is non-unique). It is recommended to enable this option
(unless we purposely want to avoid the influence of the previous run).
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2.9 Analytics
2.9.1 Introduction
The objective of the analytics functionality is
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4.1 Case 1
Key facts
Well Type Naturally Flowing Oil Well
FWHP FWHT FLP FLT DHGP DHGT
Real time Data Available
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It does not provide a detailed step by step guide as it assumes that the person(s) implementing it is
familiar with the architecture and functionality of IVM and IFM, in particular:
5.1 Overview
The table below provides a summary list of the required Conditions, while their details can be found
in the following sections.
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Section Page
1 AWS Well Surveillance KPI 3 5.2.2.1 70
2 AWS Deviations Colour Gradient 3 5.2.2.2 70
3 AWS Calculation Success 2 5.2.2.3 71
4 IPR Preferred Parameter Choice 1 5.2.2.4 71
5 AWS AutoRate Mode 1 5.2.2.5 71
6 AWS AutoRate Cases Mode 2 5.2.2.6 72
7 AWS VLP Boundary Condition 2 5.2.2.7 72
8 Flowing Status 1 5.2.2.8 72
9 Flowing Status Source Options 2 5.2.2.9 72
10 True / False 1 5.2.2.10 73
11 Enabled / Disabled 1 5.2.2.11 73
12 Preferred Rate Method Options 4 5.2.2.12 73
Condition Type
Name AWS Well Surveillance KPI
Bits 3
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Unavailable clGrey
1 Very Good clLime
2 Good to Average $FFFF84
3 Average to Poor $FF8200
4 Poor clRed
5 Undefined
6 Undefined
7 Undefined
This condition will be used to inteprete the output Well Surveillance KPI. The workflow will return an
integer number from 0 to 4. This condition will translate that code into its meaning.
Condition Type
Name AWS Deviations Colour Gradient
Bits 3
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Unavailable clGrey
1 < Category 1 $80FF80
2 < Category 2 $D5FF80
3 < Category 3 $FFFF80
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This
Condition Type
Name AWS Calculation Success
Bits 2
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Unsuccessful clRed
1 Successful clLime
2 Partial clYellow
3 Undefined
This
Condition Type
Name IPR Preferred Parameter Choice
Bits 1
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Reservoir Pressure clBlack
1 Productivity Index clBlack
This
Condition Type
Name AWS AutoRate Mode
Bits 1
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Simple (Rate Selection Only) clBlack
1 Advanced (Rate Calculation) clBlack
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This
Condition Type
Name AWS AutoRate Cases Mode
Bits 2
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Inactive clGrey
1 Evaluated clYellow
2 Evaluated and Selected clLime
3 Undefined
This
Condition Type
Name AWS VLP Boundary Condition
Bits 2
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Undefined clBlack
1 DHGP clBlack
2 PDP clBlack
3 PIP clBlack
This
Condition Type
Name Flowing Status
Bits 1
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Flowing clLime
1 Shut In clRed
This
Condition Type
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This
Condition Type
Name True / False
Bits 1
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 False clRed
1 True clLime
This
Condition Type
Name Enabled / Disabled
Bits 1
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Disabled clRed
1 Enabled clLime
This
Condition Type
Name Preferred Rate Method Options
Bits 4
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 VLP/IPR clBlack
1 VLP clBlack
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2 IPR clBlack
3 Choke clBlack
4 CHP clBlack
5 ESP clBlack
6 External clBlack
7 AutoRate clBlack
8 Undefined clBlack
9 Undefined clBlack
10 Undefined clBlack
11 Undefined clBlack
12 Undefined clBlack
13 Undefined clBlack
14 Undefined clBlack
15 Undefined clBlack
This
Condition Type
Name AWS Solution type
Bits 2
Condition Links
BitValue Condition Text Colour
0 Solution Type 0 clBlack
1 Solution Type 1 clBlack
2 Solution Type 2 clBlack
3 Solution Type 3 clBlack
This
5.2.3 Scripts
The following generic internal scripts will be required to transform some of the workflow results into
useful information to display within IVM (such as deviations, status conditions, KPI values, etc)
The table below provides a summary list of the required scripts, while their details can be found in
the following sections.
Details found in
Number Name
Section Page
1 AWS Deviations Colour Gradient
2 Flowing Status Final
3 Selection with Default (16 options)
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This
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This
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This
5.2.4 Points
This section contains the suggested configuration of points which will feed the required input data
(real time data and set points) to the IFM Workflow.
The input data set comprises actual real time measurements (e.g. Flowing well head pressure) as
well as some input data, which while treated as real time measurement, could be calculated by the
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system based on some real time data or set points (e.g. Well flowing status, choke size), depending
on the data availability and particular situation in the field.
Figure 54
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5.4.2 Details
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_FlowingStatus
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_FlowingStatus
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point / Measurement
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Flowing
1 – ShutIn
Required For All Well Types
This is used to inform the workflow whether the well is currently flowing. If shut In, most
calculations are bypassed and rates reported will be 0.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_FWHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_FWHP
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Expected Values / Validation Range 10 < Value < 20000
Required For All Well Types
This input corresponds to the current flowing well head pressure (upstream well choke for producer
wells and downstream the well choke for injector wells)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_FWHT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_FWHT
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Expected Values / Validation Range 40 < Value < 300
Required For All Well Types.
Rate estimation calculations for injector wells.
Choke Calculations for producer wells.
AutoRate Calculations.
Analytics Calculations.
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This input corresponds to the current flowing well head temperature (upstream the well choke for
producer wells and downstream the well choke for injector wells)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_FLP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_FLP
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Expected Values / Validation Range 10 < Value < 20000
Required For All Well Types.
Choke Calculations for injector wells.
AutoRate Calculations.
Analytics Calculations.
This input corresponds to the current well flowline (Manifold) pressure (pressure downstream the
well choke for producers and pressure upstream the well choke for injectors)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_FLT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_FLT
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Expected Values / Validation Range 40 < Value < 300
Required For All Well Types.
Choke Calculations for injector wells.
AutoRate Calculations.
Analytics Calculations.
This input corresponds to the current well flowline (Manifold) temperature (temperature
downstream the well choke for producers and temperature upstream the well choke for injectors)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_DHGP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_DHGP
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
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This input corresponds to the current pressure measured by a permanent downhole gauge.
For ESP wells, this should only be provided if a permanent downhole gauge exists in addition to the
ones located at the inlet and outlet of the ESP.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_DHGT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_DHGT
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Expected Values / Validation Range 40 < Value < 300
Required For AutoRate Calculations.
Analytics Calculations.
Deviation Calculations
This input corresponds to the current temperature measured by a permanent downhole gauge.
For ESP wells, this should only be provided if a permanent downhole gauge exists in addition to the
ones located at the inlet and outlet of the ESP.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_ESPInletP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Input_ESPInletP
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Expected Values / Validation Range 10 < Value < 20000
Required For ESP Lifted Wells.
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This input corresponds to the current pressure measured at the inlet of the ESP.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_ESPInletT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Input_ESPInletT
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Expected Values / Validation Range 40 < Value < 300
Required For ESP Lifted Wells.
AutoRate Calculations.
Analytics Calculations.
Deviation Calculations
This input corresponds to the current temperature measured at the inlet of the ESP.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_ESPOutletP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Input_ESPOutletP
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Expected Values / Validation Range 10 < Value < 20000
Required For ESP Lifted Wells.
ESP Rate Calculations.
VLP Rate Calculations.
This input corresponds to the current pressure measured at the outlet (Discharge) of the ESP.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_ESPOutletT
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This input corresponds to the current temperature measured at the outlet (Discharge) of the ESP.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_ChokeSize
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Input_ChokeSize
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point / Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Inches
Expected Values / Validation Range 0.01 < Value < 10
Required For All Well Types
Choke Rate Calculations.
AutoRate Calculations.
Analytics Calculations.
This input corresponds to the current well choke size (in inches).
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_ChokeSize2
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Input_ChokeSize2
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point / Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Inches
Expected Values / Validation Range 0.01 < Value < 10
Required For Wells with dual choke
Choke Rate Calculations.
This input corresponds to the current well second choke size (in inches). This is only required for
wells which can flow (simultaneously) through two chokes at the wellhead. The same input and
outlet pressures will be assumed.
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Please note that dual choke configuration is not supported by all calculations (e.g. AutoRate).
If the well is flowing through the second choke, then the workflow will automatically use it as the
single choke.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_ESPFreq
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Input_ESPFreq
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point / Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Hz
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 100
Required For ESP Lifted Wells
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_GL
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Input_GL
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point / Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit MMscf/d
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 50
Required For Gas Lifted Wells
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_CHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_CHP
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Expected Values / Validation Range 10 < Value < 20000
Required For Gas Lifted Wells
This input corresponds to the current Gas Lift Gas Injection Pressure (Casing Head Pressure)
downstream of any rate control valve
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_Ext_Qoil
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_Ext_Qoil
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/d
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1000000
Required For Any Well Type
This input allows providing the workflow with an externally measured rate (e.g. Multiphase flow
meter). The workflow will use this to compute well performance calculations based on the externally
provided rates (External Rate Method)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_Ext_Qwat
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_Ext_Qwat
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/d
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1000000
Required For Any Well Type
This input allows providing the workflow with an externally measured rate (e.g. Multiphase flow
meter). The workflow will use this to compute well performance calculations based on the externally
provided rates (External Rate Method)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_Ext_Qgas
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_Ext_Qgas
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit MMscf/d
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1000000
Required For Any Well Type
This input allows providing the workflow with an externally measured rate (e.g. Multiphase flow
meter). The workflow will use this to compute well performance calculations based on the externally
provided rates (External Rate Method)
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_Ext_Qliq
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_Ext_Qliq
Type of Input Data Real Time Measurement
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/d
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1000000
Required For Any Well Type
This input allows providing the workflow with an externally measured rate (e.g. Multiphase flow
meter). The workflow will use this to compute well performance calculations based on the externally
provided rates (External Rate Method). This liquid rate is only needed if water rate and oil rate is not
provided.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_WC
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_WC
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 100, Or
-1 (Use Model)
Required For Oil Producers
This input corresponds to the current best estimate of producing water cut for the well (e.g. From
latest well test). It is used by all the rate methods which do not estimate water cut as part of their
calculations. IF a value of -1 is provided, then the workflow will use the current values in the Model
(GAP)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_GOR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_GOR
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit scf/STB
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1000000, Or
-1 (Use Model)
Required For Oil Producers
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This input corresponds to the current best estimate of producing GOR for the well (e.g. From latest
well test). It is used by all the rate methods which do not estimate the GOR as part of their
calculations. If a value of -1 is provided, then the workflow will use the current values in the Model
(GAP)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_CGR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_CGR
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/MMscf
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1000000, Or
-1 (Use Model)
Required For Gas Producers
This input corresponds to the current best estimate of producing CGR for the well (e.g. From latest
well test). It is used by all the rate methods which do not estimate the CGR as part of their
calculations. If a value of -1 is provided, then the workflow will use the current values in the Model
(GAP)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_WGR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_WGR
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/MMscf
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1000000, Or
-1 (Use Model)
Required For Gas Producers, Condensate Producer
This input corresponds to the current best estimate of producing WGR for the well (e.g. From latest
well test). It is used by all the rate methods which do not estimate the WGR as part of their
calculations. If a value of -1 is provided, then the workflow will use the current values in the Model
(GAP)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_ReservoirPressure
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This input corresponds to the current best estimate of the well drainage area pressure (well
reservoir pressure). It is used by all the rate methods which use the IPR as part of their calculations.
If a value of -1 is provided, then the workflow will use the current values in the Model (GAP)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Input_PI
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.RealTimeData_PI
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/d/psi
Expected Values / Validation Range 0.01 < Value < 10000, Or
-1 (Use Model)
Required For Oil Producers / Water Producers, Water Injectors
This input corresponds to the current best estimate of the well Productivity/Injectivity Index. It is
used by all the rate methods which use the IPR as part of their calculations. If a value of -1 is
provided, then the workflow will use the current values in the Model (GAP).
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Q_VLPIPR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Q_VLPIPR
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For All Well Types
This input determines whether all the well performance calculations based on the VLPIPR Method
will be carried out for this well.
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Q_VLP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Q_VLP
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For All Well Types
This input determines whether all the well performance calculations based on the VLP Method will
be carried out for this well.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Q_IPR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Q_IPR
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For All Well Types
This input determines whether all the well performance calculations based on the IPR Method will
be carried out for this well.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Q_Choke
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Q_Choke
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For All Well Types
This input determines whether all the well performance calculations based on the Choke Method
will be carried out for this well.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Q_CHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Q_CHP
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For Gas Lifted Wells
This input determines whether all the well performance calculations based on the CHP Method will
be carried out for this well.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Q_ESP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Q_ESP
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For ESP Lifter Wells
This input determines whether all the well performance calculations based on the ESP Method will
be carried out for this well.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Q_Ext
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Q_Ext
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For All Wells with Externally measured rates
available (e.g. MPFM)
This input determines whether all the well performance calculations based on the External Method
will be carried out for this well.
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Q_AutoRate
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Q_AutoRate
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For All Well Types
This input determines whether all the well performance calculations based on the AutoRate Method
will be carried out for this well.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Curves
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Curves
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For All Well Types
This input allows disabling/enabling the generation of the VLPIPR plots for the well
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Gradients
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Gradients
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For All Well Types
This input allows disabling/enabling the generation of the Gradient plots for each of the rate
methods for the well
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Calc_Analytics
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_Calc_Analytics
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Disabled
Required For All Well Types
This input allows disabling/enabling the calculation of Analytics for the well
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Q_VLPIPR_Prty
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ Q_VLPIPR_Prty
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value, Or
0 (Automatic)
Required For All Well Types
This input determines the priority to be assigned to the VLPIPR rate method. The lower the number
the higher the priority. If 0, then the priority is determined automatically based on the method
sensitivity to input (higher priority to less sensitive methods)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Q_VLP_Prty
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ Q_VLP_Prty
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value, Or
0 (Automatic)
Required For All Well Types
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This input determines the priority to be assigned to the VLP rate method. The lower the number the
higher the priority. If 0, then the priority is determined automatically based on the method
sensitivity to input (higher priority to less sensitive methods)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Q_IPR_Prty
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ Q_IPR_Prty
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value, Or
0 (Automatic)
Required For All Well Types
This input determines the priority to be assigned to the IPR rate method. The lower the number the
higher the priority. If 0, then the priority is determined automatically based on the method
sensitivity to input (higher priority to less sensitive methods)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Q_Choke_Prty
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ Q_Choke_Prty
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value, Or
0 (Automatic)
Required For All Well Types
This input determines the priority to be assigned to the Choke rate method. The lower the number
the higher the priority. If 0, then the priority is determined automatically based on the method
sensitivity to input (higher priority to less sensitive methods)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Q_CHP_Prty
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ Q_CHP_Prty
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
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This input determines the priority to be assigned to the CHP rate method. The lower the number the
higher the priority. If 0, then the priority is determined automatically based on the method
sensitivity to input (higher priority to less sensitive methods)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Q_ESP_Prty
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ Q_ESP_Prty
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value, Or
0 (Automatic)
Required For All Well Types
This input determines the priority to be assigned to the ESP rate method. The lower the number the
higher the priority. If 0, then the priority is determined automatically based on the method
sensitivity to input (higher priority to less sensitive methods)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_Q_Ext_Prty
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ Q_Ext_Prty
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value, Or
0 (Automatic)
Required For All Well Types
This input determines the priority to be assigned to the External rate method. The lower the number
the higher the priority. If 0, then the priority is determined automatically based on the method
sensitivity to input (higher priority to less sensitive methods)
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ChokeDC
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This input allows adjusting the choke calcualtions by controlling the choke discharge coefficient used
in the calculations
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_SurvKPI_P1
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ SurvKPI_P1
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 0.010
This input determines the threshold between Level 1 and Level 2 in Surveillance KPI Calculations.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_SurvKPI_P2
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ SurvKPI_P2
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 0.025
This input determines the threshold between Level 2 and Level 3 in Surveillance KPI Calculations.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_SurvKPI_P3
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ SurvKPI_P3
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This input determines the threshold between Level 3 and Level 4 in Surveillance KPI Calculations.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_SurvKPI_P4
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ SurvKPI_P4
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 5 < Value < 100
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 75
This input controls the maximum allowed Sensitivity to input value for the method to be included in
the Surveillance KPI calculation. This allows avoiding very sensitivity methods (such as choke rate
when the dP across the choke is very small) to skew the KPI results.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_SurvKPI_Qext_Sensitivity
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_SurvKPI_Qext_Sensitivity
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 50
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 10
The sensitivity to input for externally provided rates (e.g. MPFM) cannot be calculated (for the
workflow has no knowledge of its origin). This value allows the user to provide an comparable
estimate
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_SurvKPI_UseExternal
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_SurvKPI_UseExternal
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – False
1 – True
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This allows controlling whether the external rates are to be part of the Surveillance KPI calculations.
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_WellMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_WellMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Simple (Rate Selection)
1 – Advanced (Rate Estimation)
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_WCMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_WCMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_GORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_GORMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_WCGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_WCGORMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_ALQMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_ALQMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_ALQWCMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_ALQWCMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_ALQGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_ALQGORMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_ALQWCGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_ALQWCGORMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_UseTemp
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_UseTemp
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – False
1 – True
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_TempWeight
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_TempWeight
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 10
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 0.5
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_UseCHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_UseCHP
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – False
1 – True
Required For Gas Lifted Wells
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_CHPWeight
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_CHPWeight
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 10
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 0.5
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_UseIPR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_UseIPR
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – False
1 – True
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 0 – False
This
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Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_WCMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_WCMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_GORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_GORMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_WCGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_WCGORMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
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1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_ALQMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_ALQMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_ALQWCMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_ALQWCMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_ALQGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_ALQGORMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
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This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_ALQWCGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_ALQWCGORMode
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_UseTemp
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_UseTemp
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – False
1 – True
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_TempWeight
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_TempWeight
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
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This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_UseCHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_UseCHP
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – False
1 – True
Required For Gas Lifted Wells
Recommended Default Value Not applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_CHPWeight
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_CHPWeight
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 10
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 0.5
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_UseIPR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_UseIPR
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
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This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_ConfDeltaError
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_ ConfDeltaError
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 10
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 1
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_UsePrevious
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_UsePrevious
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – False
1 – True
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 1 – True
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_PreviousQoil
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_PreviousQoil
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/Day
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This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_PreviousQwat
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_PreviousQwat
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/Day
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1000000
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not Applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_PreviousQgas
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_PreviousQgas
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit MMscf/d
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1000000
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value Not Applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_PreviousGL
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_PreviousGL
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit MMscf/d
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 50
Required For Gas Lifted Wells
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This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_PreviousWF
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_PreviousWF
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 1
Required For ESP Lifted Wells
Recommended Default Value Not Applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_AR_PreviousESPWF
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_AR_PreviousESPWF
Type of Input Data Real Time Set Point
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 < Value < 100
Required For ESP Lifted Wells
Recommended Default Value Not Applicable
This
Main Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Config_ANLT_UsePrevious
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}. AWS_Config_ANLT_UsePrevious
Type of Input Data Configuration Set Point
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Expected Values / Validation Range 0 – False
1 – True
Required For All Well Types
Recommended Default Value 1 – True
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5.5.2 Details
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CalcSensitivity
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CalcSensitivity
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None (%/%)
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP and Ext
Please refer to section 2.3 for details on the Sensitivity to input calculations
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method).
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CalcSensitivity
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CalcSensitivity
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 – Calculation Failed
1 – Calculation Successful
2 – Calculation Partially Successful
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
Returned Values
0 – Calculation Failed: Main calculation (Rate Estimation) has failed. Subsequent calculation
hence will also be unavailable
1 – Calculation Failed: Main calculation (Rate Estimation) and following secondary
claculations (gradient, Choke, etc.) were successful.
2 – Calculation Partially Successful: Main calculation (Rate Estimation) was successful but
some secondary calcualtions (e.g. gradient, IPR sensitivity, etc) could not be
performed/failed. The output variable Calculation Success Information will provide the
details about what calculation could not be performed and the reason.
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There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CalcSensitivity
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CalcSensitivity
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type 16-bit integer
Variable Unit None
Returned Values Integer from 0 to 65535 (see details below)
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
Returned Values:
The returned value is an integer which comprises the integration of 16-bit flags. This is used by IVM
to enable/disable 16 LEDs to highlight pre-set messages by automatically decunstracting the
returned value into its corresponding bits.
Each flag (bit) is assigned a number equal to and then all the active flags are added
together to produce a single integer number to transmit the required flags.
For instance, if messages number 3 and 6 are to be highlighted, the returned value will be
.
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14 8192 Rate calculation failed
15 16384 Spare Flag
16 32768 Spare Flag
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CGR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CGR
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/MMscf
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
In the case of the base methods (except Ext), this value will simply be the input data that it was used
during the calculations (this means that the number will be the same for all the methods)
In the case of the External Rate Method, this value is calculated based on the input rates.
In the case of the AutoRate method, this value could be either the input data used or calculated by
the AutoRate method (depending on the regression variables being active during the calcualation)
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except for ESP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_CHP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, Ext and AutoRate
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CHP Method:
For this method, this output is simply the input data used (for the CHP is a boundary condition for
this method)
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except for ESP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_CHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_CHP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured CHP and calculated CHP
for each of the rate methods (except for ESP).
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_DHGP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_DHGP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured DHGP and calculated
DHGP for each of the rate methods.
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
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5.5.2.8 Deviation measured vs calculated Downhole Gauge Temperature
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_DHGT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_DHGT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured DHGT and calculated
DHGT for each of the rate methods
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_FLP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_FLP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured FLP (pressure
downstream the well choke for producers and pressure upstream the well choke for injectors) and
calculated FLP for each of the rate methods
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin or choke calculations failed) then the
returned value will be 999 which allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly
(e.g. grey)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
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Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_FLT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_FLT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured FLT (temperature
downstream the well choke for producers and pressure upstream the well choke for injectors) and
calculated FLT for each of the rate methods
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin or choke calculations failed) then the
returned value will be 999 which allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly
(e.g. grey)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_FWHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_FWHP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured FWHP and calculated
FWHP for each of the rate methods. Deviation will be 0 for those methods which use the FWHP as
their calculation boundary condition.
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
201
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_FWHT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_FWHT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured FWHT and calculated
FWHT for each of the rate methods.
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except for CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_ESPInP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_ESPInP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured ESP Itnake Pressure and
calculated ESP Intake Pressure for each of the rate methods (except for CHP).
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except for CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
202
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_ESPInT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_ESPInT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured ESP Intake Temperature
and calculated ESP Intake Temperature for each of the rate methods (except for CHP).
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except for CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_ESPOutP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_ESPOutP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured ESP Itnake Pressure and
calculated ESP Discharge Pressure for each of the rate methods (except for CHP).
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except for CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the measured ESP Discharge
Temperature and calculated ESP Discharge Temperature for each of the rate methods (except for
CHP).
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_Q
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_Q
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, CHP, Ext and AutoRate
This output highlights the rate deviation amongst the various rate methods. The base (reference)
rate will be one of the calculated rates themselves. The preferred base rate will be the AutoRate
whenever available. Otherwise the rate with higher priority will be used as basis.
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
204
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_DHGP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_DHGP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated Downhole Gauge pressure for each of the rate methods.
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_DHGT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_DHGT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated Downhole Gauge pressure for each of the rate methods.
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPCurrent
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPCurrent
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Amps
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
205
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated ESP Motor Current for each method based on their corresponding calculated
rate.
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPEff
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPEff
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value < 100, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated ESP Efficiency for each method based on their corresponding calculated rate.
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPFreq
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPFreq
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Hz
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the simply the input value (used at the time of clacualtion) reported back as output.
206
5.5.2.23 ESP Head
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPHead
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPHead
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Feet
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated ESP generated Head for each method based on their corresponding calculated
rate.
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPInletP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPInletP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit psig
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated ESP intake pressure for each method based on their corresponding calculated
rate.
In the case of the ESP method, this should be equal to the measured value for it is a boundary
condition of the calculation itself.
207
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPInletT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPInletT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated ESP intake temperature for each method based on their corresponding
calculated rate.
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPOutletP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPOutletP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit psig
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated ESP discharge pressure for each method based on their corresponding
calculated rate.
In the case of the ESP method, this should be equal to the measured value for it is a boundary
condition of the calculation itself.
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
208
This is only relevant for ESP lifted wells.
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPOutletT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPOutletT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated ESP discharge temperature for each method based on their corresponding
calculated rate.
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPPotential
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPPotential
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Volts
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated Voltage at surface for the ESP for each method based on their corresponding
calculated rate.
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPPower
209
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPPower
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit HP
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated power consumed by the ESP for each method based on their corresponding
calculated rate.
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except CHP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPRate
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ESPRate
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit RB/d
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated rate (at pump inlet conditions) for the ESP for each method based on their
corresponding calculated rate.
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FBHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FBHP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
210
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated Flowing Bottom Hole Pressure for each of the rate methods.
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FBHT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FBHT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated Flowing BottomHole Temperature for each of the rate methods. For producer
wells, this corresponds to the reservoir temperature. For injectors, this is calculated based on the
injection rate and injection temperature.
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FLP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FLP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated Flowline (Manifold) Pressure for each of the rate methods. For producers, this
is the pressure downstream the well’s choke. For injectors, this is the pressure upstream the well’s
choke.
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FLT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FLT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated Flowline (Manifold) Temperature for each of the rate methods. For producers,
this is the temperature downstream the well’s choke. For injectors, this is the temperature upstream
the well’s choke.
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FWHP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FWHP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Psig
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated Flowing Well head pressure for each of the rate methods.
For all methods (except the IPR and ESP) this is equal to the input value used at the time of the
calculation (for it is a boundary pressure for the calculation).
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FWHT
212
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_FWHT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit DegF
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the calculated Flowing Well head Temperature for each of the rate methods. For injectors,
this is equal to the input value used at the time of the calculation (for it is a boundary condition for
the calculation).
There are 7 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (Except ESP) and one for the
AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_GasLiftGas
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_GasLiftGas
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit MMscf/d
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, Ext and AutoRate
In the case of the base methods (except Ext), this value will simply be the input data that it was used
during the calcualtions (this means that the number will be the same for all the methods)
In the case of the External Rate Method, this value is calculated based on the input rates.
In the case of the AutoRate method, this value could be either the input data used or calculated by
the AutoRate method (depending on the regression variables active)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_GOR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_GOR
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
213
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit Scf/STB
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
In the case of the base methods (except Ext), this value will simply be the input data that it was used
during the calcualtions (this means that the number will be the same for all the methods)
In the case of the External Rate Method, this value is calculated based on the input rates.
In the case of the AutoRate method, this value could be either the input data used or calculated by
the AutoRate method (depending on the regression variables active)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
This is only relevant for Oil Producers, Water Producers and Water Injectors (i.e. Liquid IPRs)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_PI
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_PI
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/d/psi
Returned Values 0 < Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
In the case of the VLP/IPR and IPR methods, this is simply equal to the PI used as input during the
calcualtions (for the IPR is part of the calcualtions as boundary condition).
In all the other methods, this is the PI that the model estimates it would be required (assuming the
reservoir pressure has not changed) to meet the calculated rate. PI @ Base Reservoir Pressure.
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Qgas
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Qgas
214
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit MMscf/d
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the Gas Rate at standard conditions calculated by the rate method
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Qliq
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Qliq
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/d
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the Liquid Rate at standard conditions calculated by the rate method
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Qoil
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Qoil
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/d
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the Oil Rate at standard conditions calculated by the rate method
215
5.5.2.43 Water Rate
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Qwat
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Qwat
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/d
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This is the Water Rate at standard conditions calculated by the rate method
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ReservoirPressure
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_ReservoirPressure
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit psig
Returned Values 0 < Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
In the case of the VLP/IPR and IPR methods, this is simply equal to the Reservoir Pressure used as
input during the calcualtions (for the IPR is part of the calcualtions as boundary condition).
In all the other methods, this is the PR that the model estimates it would be required (assuming the
PI has not changed) to meet the calculated rate. PR @ Base PI.
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
216
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_SolutionType
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_SolutionType
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values -1
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_WC
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_WC
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value ≤ 100, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
In the case of the base methods (except Ext), this value will simply be the input data that it was used
during the calcualtions (this means that the number will be the same for all the methods)
In the case of the External Rate Method, this value is calculated based on the input rates.
In the case of the AutoRate method, this value could be either the input data used or calculated by
the AutoRate method (depending on the regression variables active)
There are 8 instances of this output (one for each base rate method and one for the AutoRate
Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_WGR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_WGR
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit STB/MMscf
217
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if value was not calculated
Where {MethodName} will be VLPIPR, VLP, IPR, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
In the case of the base methods (except Ext), this value will simply be the input data that it was used
during the calcualtions (this means that the number will be the same for all the methods)
In the case of the External Rate Method, this value is calculated based on the input rates.
In the case of the AutoRate method, this value could be either the input data used or calculated by
the AutoRate method (depending on the regression variables active)
There are 6 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except VLPIPR and IPR) and one
for the AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_PI
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_PI
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLP, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the estimated Productivity Index and
the base value (input to the workflow)
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 6 instances of this output (one for each base rate method (except VLPIPR and IPR) and one
for the AutoRate Method)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_ReservoirPressure
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_ReservoirPressure
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
218
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
Where {MethodName} will be VLP, Choke, CHP, ESP, Ext and AutoRate
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the estimated Reservoir Pressure and
the base value (input to the workflow)
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_VLP_BoundCond
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_VLP_BoundCond
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 1 – Downhole Gauge Pressure (DHGP)
2 – ESP Discharge Pressure (PDP)
3 – ESP Inlet Pressure (PIP)
There are 2 instances of this output (one for External Rate Method and one for AutoRate Method)
which are the two methods where the CGR can be calculated (rather than an input).
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_CGR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_CGR
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the estimated CGR and the base value
(input to the workflow)
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
219
5.5.2.52 Deviation calculated vs base GOR
There are 2 instances of this output (one for External Rate Method and one for AutoRate Method)
which are the two methods where the GOR can be calculated (rather than an input).
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_GOR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_GOR
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the estimated GOR and the base value
(input to the workflow)
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
There are 2 instances of this output (one for External Rate Method and one for AutoRate Method)
which are the two methods where the WC can be calculated (rather than an input).
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_WC
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_WC
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the estimated WC and the base value
(input to the workflow)
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
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There are 2 instances of this output (one for External Rate Method and one for AutoRate Method)
which are the two methods where the WGR can be calculated (rather than an input).
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_WGR
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_{MethodName}_Dev_WGR
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
999 if deviation could not be computed
This value corresponds to the deviation (in percent) between the estimated WGR and the base value
(input to the workflow)
If the deviation could not be computed (e.g. well shutin) then the returned value will be 999 which
allows to be used in IVM to colour code the deviation accordingly (e.g. grey)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_CalcType
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_CalcSensitivity
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type 16-bit integer
Variable Unit None
Returned Values Integer from 0 to 65535 (see details below)
Returned Values:
The returned value is used to highlight the outcome of the AutoRate method (how it determined the
reported rate).
The returned value is an integer which comprises the integration of 16-bit flags. This is used by IVM
to enable/disable 16 LEDs to highlight pre-set messages by automatically decunstracting the
returned value into its corresponding bits.
Each flag (bit) is assigned a number equal to and then all the active flags are added
together to produce a single integer number to transmit the required flags.
For instance, if messages number 3 and 6 are to be highlighted, the returned value will be
.
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The list of possible messages is displayed below:
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_Error
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_Error
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if not calculated
This value corresponds to the overall error of the AutoRate calculation (it is the error reported by the
MWA regression engine – Chi2)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_ESPWF
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_ESPWF
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
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Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value ≤ 100, Or
-1 if not calculated
This is the found ESP Wear factor (percent) estimated by the AutoRate (when the WF is part of the
active regression variables). It is the degradation (in percent) of the Head generated by the ESP
pump.
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_NumDataP
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_NumDataP
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value ≤ 100, Or
-1 if not calculated
This is the number of Pressure Data Points (as percent of the maximum possible) used during the
regression calculations.
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_NumDataT
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_NumDataT
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit %
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value ≤ 100, Or
-1 if not calculated
This is the number of Temperature Data Points (as percent of the maximum possible) used during
the regression calculations.
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_NumMethods
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_NumMethods
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Integer
Variable Unit None
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Returned Values Integer from 0 to 4, Or
-1 if not calculated
This is the number of Rate Estimation Methods which were available to the AutoRate regression
engine when performing the calculations.
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegQMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegQMode
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 – Case Inactive
1 – Case Evaluated
2 – Case Evaluated and Selected
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegQError
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegQError
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if not calculated
This output indicates the error of the regression for Case 0 (Regression on rate only). It is the error
reported by the MWA regression engine (Chi2)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegWCMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegWCMode
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 – Case Inactive
1 – Case Evaluated
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2 – Case Evaluated and Selected
This output indicates the status of Case 1 (Regression on rate and WC/WGR).
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegWCError
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegWCError
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if not calculated
This output indicates the error of the regression for Case 1 (Regression on rate and WC/WGR). It is
the error reported by the MWA regression engine (Chi2)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegGORMode
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 – Case Inactive
1 – Case Evaluated
2 – Case Evaluated and Selected
This output indicates the status of Case 2 (Regression on rate and GOR/CGR).
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegGORError
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegGORError
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if not calculated
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This output indicates the error of the regression for Case 2 (Regression on rate and GOR/CGR). It is
the error reported by the MWA regression engine (Chi2)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegWCGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegWCGORMode
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 – Case Inactive
1 – Case Evaluated
2 – Case Evaluated and Selected
This output indicates the status of Case 1-2 (Regression on rate, WC/WGR and GOR/CGR).
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegWCGORError
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegWCGORError
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if not calculated
This output indicates the error of the regression for Case 1-2 (Regression on rate, WC/WGR and
GOR/CGR). It is the error reported by the MWA regression engine (Chi2)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQMode
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 – Case Inactive
1 – Case Evaluated
2 – Case Evaluated and Selected
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This output indicates the status of Case 3 (Regression on rate and Gas Lift / ESP Wear).
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQError
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQError
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if not calculated
This output indicates the error of the regression for Case 3 (Regression on rate and GasLift / ESP
Wear). It is the error reported by the MWA regression engine (Chi2)
5.5.2.71 AutoRate Case 3-1 (Rate, WC and GasLift / ESP Wear) Mode
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQWCMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQWCMode
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 – Case Inactive
1 – Case Evaluated
2 – Case Evaluated and Selected
This output indicates the status of Case 3-1 (Regression on rate, WC and GasLift / ESP Wear).
5.5.2.72 AutoRate Case 3-1 (Rate, WC and GasLift / ESP Wear) Error
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQWCError
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQWCError
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
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-1 if not calculated
This output indicates the error of the regression for Case 3-1 (Regression on rate, WC and GasLift /
ESP Wear). It is the error reported by the MWA regression engine (Chi2)
5.5.2.73 AutoRate Case 3-2 (Rate, GOR and GasLift / ESP Wear) Mode
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQGORMode
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 – Case Inactive
1 – Case Evaluated
2 – Case Evaluated and Selected
This output indicates the status of Case 3-2 (Regression on rate, GOR and GasLift / ESP Wear).
5.5.2.74 AutoRate Case 3-2 (Rate, GOR and GasLift / ESP Wear) Error
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQGORError
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQGORError
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if not calculated
This output indicates the error of the regression for Case 3-2 (Regression on rate, GOR and GasLift /
ESP Wear). It is the error reported by the MWA regression engine (Chi2)
5.5.2.75 AutoRate Case 3-1-2 (Rate, WC, GOR and GasLift / ESP Wear) Mode
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQWCGORMode
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQWCGORMode
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
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Variable Type Discrete (Integer)
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 – Case Inactive
1 – Case Evaluated
2 – Case Evaluated and Selected
This output indicates the status of Case 3-1-2 (Regression on rate, WC, GOR and GasLift / ESP Wear).
5.5.2.76 AutoRate Case 3-1-2 (Rate, WC, GOR and GasLift / ESP Wear) Error
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQWCGORError
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_RegALQWCGORError
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value, Or
-1 if not calculated
This output indicates the error of the regression for Case 3-1-2 (Regression on rate, WC, GOR and
GasLift / ESP Wear). It is the error reported by the MWA regression engine (Chi2)
Properties
Workflow Variable Name AWS_Output_AutoRate_WF
IFM Variable Name (External Tag ID) {WellName}.AWS_Output_AutoRate_WF
Type of Data Workflow Output Data
Variable Type Double
Variable Unit None
Returned Values 0 ≤ Value ≤ 1, Or
-1 if not calculated
This is an internal result needed for the AutoRate and Anlytics to initialise the calculation based on
the results from the previous run. This is an input to the workflow for the next calculation.
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6 IPM Model
This section higlights any special setup required from the underlying IPM models to get the most out
of the AWS workflow.
6.1 Introduction
All well performance calculations within the AWS workflow make use of the well model in GAP,
represented by an IPR and a family of VLP curves. Hence, this section highlights the information
expected in the VLP curves, depending on the type of well.
VLPs in GAP:
Besides the primary information contained in the VLP curves (i.e. FBHP, FWHT, etc), GAP allows
capturing up to 10 ‘gauge’ pressures and temperatures along the wellbore. This can be used to
capture the pressure and temperature predicted by model at the depth of an actual downhole
gauge, but also can be used to capture the pressure and temperature gradient along the entire
wellbore (through a set of discrete points at different depths). In fact, these ‘gauges’ can be used to
transfer any pressure and temperature information from the physical well model (PROSPER) into the
well model in GAP (VLP curves).
The AWS workflow is desgined to take advantage of the above information in the VLPs in GAP to
support several features within the workflow, avoiding having to call the full physical well model
(PROSPER), benefiting from a calculation speed point fo view as well as consistency amongst various
calcualtions (same model used throughout).
For all wells, these gauges are used to simply capture pressures and temperatures distributed along
the wellbore to support the generation of gradient plots.
For ESP lifted wells, these gauges are also used to capture some information about the pump which
will support the AutoRate method.
For Gas Lifted wells, these gauges are also used to capture the gradient along the annulus, in
particular the casing pressure @ GL orifice depth and the Gas Lift injection pressure at surface
(Casing Head Pressure). This is to support the Casing Head Pressure base rate method as well as the
AutoRate method.
The following sections provide further details about the required information in the VLPs in GAP.
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The workflow is expecting the following information in the VLP curves to be present.
Gradient Plots
1
If the well has no downhole gauge, then this gauge can be used as an additional intermediate pressure and
temperature gauge
2
It is recommended to set the depth 0.1 ft below the well head depth
3
It is recommended to distribute these depths evenly along the wellbore (taking into account the already
existing downhole gauge depth). This will produce better defined Gradient Plots.
4
It is recommended to set the depth 0.1 ft above the bottom depth
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Figure 55 – Gauuge Depths distribution for naturally flowing wells
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6.3 Gas Lifted Wells
The workflow is expecting the following information in the VLP curves to be present.
1
If the well has no downhole gauge, then this gauge can be used as an additional intermediate pressure and
temperature gauge
2
It is recommended to set the depth 0.1 ft below the well head depth
3
It is recommended to distribute these depths evenly along the wellbore (taking into account the already
existing depths (downhole and gas lift orifice)). This will produce better defined Gradient Plots.
4
It is recommended to set the depth 0.1 ft above the bottom depth
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Figure 56 – Gauge Depths distribution for Gas Lifted Wells
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6.4 ESP Lifted Wells
The workflow is expecting the following information in the VLP curves to be present
AutoRate method
Analytics method
Gradient Plots
1
This should not be used for downhole gauges for the ESP discharge or intake pressure but for any additional
gauges. If there are not additional gauges (normally the case) this can be used as an additional intermediate
data point along the wellbore.
2
It is recommended to set the depth 0.1 ft below the well head depth
3
It is recommended to distribute these depths evenly along the wellbore (taking into account the already
existing depths (downhole and ESP). This will produce better defined Gradient Plots.
4
It is recommended to set the depth 0.1 ft above the bottom depth
5
To capture the dT across the pump, the PROSPER model needs to be setup with ‘Model Produced Oil and Gas
in Annulus’ option on.
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Figure 57 – Gauge Depths distribution for ESP Lifted Wells
This utility will carry out the following steps automatically (for every well in the GAP model):
Setup the gauge depths required in PROSPER according to the type of well and completion
Enable ESP dT calculations (for ESP lifted wells)
Generate the VLP curves
For gas lifted wells, carry out complementary gas lift performance calculations (up to
200,000) to append the annulus pressure at both the gas lift orifice depth and the casing
head (Casing Head Pressure) to the previously generated lift curves
Import the generated lift curves into each well model in GAP.
6.5.1 Step 1:
Setup the VLP sensitivity variables in the model(s) as per usual VLP generation process.
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GLR ESP
Well Type FWHP1 FWHT WC GOR WGR CGR
Inj2 Freq3
Oil Producer No Lift
Gas Producer
Gas Condensate Producer
Oil Producer GL
Oil Producer ESP
Water Injector
Gas Injector
Table 4 - VLP Sensitivity variables for the main type of wells
6.5.2 Step 2:
Setup the the information required by the utility.
1
First Node Pressure or Manifold Pressure
2
Gas Lift wells support both GL Injection rate and GLR injected. It is strongly recommended the use of GLR
injected as it generates better quality curve. The recommended values (in oil field unit) are: 0, 100, 200, 400,
800, 1600, 3200, 6400, 12500, 25000.
3
A range of ESP Frequencies is required even if the well does not have a variable speed drive. This is to support
some of sensitivity claculations within the workflow
4
For ESP wells, this is for any downhole gauge in addition to the normally avialble at the intake and discharge
of the pump
5
All Gas lifted well need this information to able to generate the required lift curves.
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Figure 58 – VLP Generation Utility (OpenServer macro)
239
Figure 60 – VLP Generation Utility – Downhole Gauge and GLO size data populated manually
6.5.3 Step 3:
The last step is to generate the VLP curves.
To do this, first enable the well(s) which VLP curves are to be generated for, by changing the value in
the first column (labelled Use?) from 0 to 1. It is recommended to do one well only first to ensure
everything is working properly before carrying out the generation in batch mode for multiple wells.
For all wells but Gas Lifted ones, the process will generate standard VLP curves (the only work the
utility is doing is setting up the appropriate gauge depths prior to trigerring the VLP generation
process). Hence, the run time for those wells will be the same as if the VLP were generated normally.
For gas lifted wells, however, the information generated by the standard VLP process is then
complemented through a series of Gas lift performance claculations to inrorpoate the gas lift orifice
dP and the corresponding casing head pressure. The entire process for a gas lifted well can take
several hours (normally from 2 to 6 hours depending on the sensitivity variables used as well as the
processing speed of the PC).
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7 AWS Workflow General Information
Choke
CHP
VLP
ESP
IPR
Ext
Mode Mode
OilProducerNoLift
OilProducerGL
OilProducerESP
GasProducer
CondesnateProducer
WaterProducer
GasInjector
WaterInjector
7.2 Versions
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