PHA 619: Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, And Medical Devices

LABORATORY: CAMPHORATED SOAP LINIMENT

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS - FACULTY OF PHARMACY (BS PHARMACY 2026 – 1BPH)

[PREP # 25] NON-AQUEOUS LIQUIDS: LINIMENTS

OVERVIEW
EXAMPLES OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE LINIMENTS
I Liniments
a. Factors affecting the selection of vehicle
in the preparations of liniments PRODUCT NAME IMAGE
b. Examples of Liniments
Efficascent Liniment
II Types of Liniments According To Vehicle Counterirritant
Used
a. Alcoholic Liniments
b. Oily Liniments

III Preparation #25: Camphorated Soap Liniment

Pau Liniment
NON-AQUEOUS LIQUIDS: LINIMENTS

LINIMENT

● From Latin “linere” ; literal meaning to anoint

● Solution or mixture of various substances in oil,
alcoholic solution of soap, or emulsion intended for White Flower Embrocation
external application
● Applied with friction and rubbing (gentle rubbing of
bare hands or with the use of a flannel) to the affected
area and that is why they are called “embrocation”
○ Embrocation - another term for liniment that Katinko Oil Liniment
means “to rub”
● The oil and soap base provides ease of application
and massage
● Not applied to the skin that is broken or bruised
because there is a tendency for excessive irritation
● They should be stored in a tight container
Salonpas Liniment
● Usually composed of oily, spirituous, gummy, or
saponaceous substances; runnier than ointments;
denser than water; and liquid at body temperature
● Remember that water is seldom used as a vehicle in
the preparation of liniments
● The benefits derived from them depend on either their
TYPES OF LINIMENTS ACCORDING TO VEHICLE USED
counter-irritating influence or the absorption of
their active components
● There are two types of liniments:
● Usually prescribed extemporaneously by physicians
○ Alcoholic Liniments
● Can take different forms, such as solutions, ○ Oily Liniments
emulsions, or suspensions, therefore, liniments
undergo the same preparation process of those
ALCOHOLIC LINIMENTS
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF
VEHICLE IN THE PREPARATION OF LINIMENTS ● Penetrates the skin more readily than the oil base
because of the alcohol
● Desired action ● Intended generally for the following effects:
● Solubility of the components in various solvents

DE VILLA, GRIMALDO, OLAVE, RESMA, SALVATIERRA, TAN, TERO

PHA619 LABORATORY: CAMPHORATED SOAP LINIMENT

Protecting coating ● It is used

EFFECTS DEFINITION
Rubefacient ● Substance for
topical application
that produces
redness on the
skin due to dilation
of the capillaries
and an increase in
blood circulation
Counterirritant ● Produce irritation or
discomfort but will
now divert
attention from
another.
● Agent applied
locally (topical) to
produce
superficial
inflammation with
the object of
reducing
inflammation in
deeper adjacent
structures PREPARATION # 25: CAMPHORATED SOAP LINIMENT
Fixed oil solvents
depending on the
ingredient in the
preparation and
should not be
applied to bruises
and broken skin
● The solvents can
be volatile oils or
oils that produce
stain
● Examples (that
produce stain):
almond oil, peanut
oil, sesame oil, or
cottonseed oil
● Examples (of
volatile oils):
wintergreen oil,
turpentine oil), or a
combination of the
two (easily
evaporates)

Mild Astringent ● Relieves minor CATEGORY

skin irritations like
● Alcohol-based Liniment
allergies and insect
bites
SYNONYMS
Penetrating ● The fluid makes it
● Linimentum camphores El saponis, Soap Liniment,
easier to penetrate Liquid Opadel doc
to the deeper part
of the skin DESCRIPTION OF FINAL PRODUCT

● Clear, colorless to yellow solution. It has the odor of

OILY LINIMENTS
camphor.
● Do not penetrate the skin as much as alcohol USES
liniments.
● Intended generally for the following effects:
● Since it is an alcoholic-based liniment, this product is
used as a rubefacient. It has a counterirritant effect
EFFECTS DEFINITION and a better penetration. It is also used as a local
anesthetic for sprain and rheumatism.
Milder (in terms of action) ● Oleaginous
liniments are less METHOD OF PREPARATION
irritating to the
skin ● Agitation (with or without) the aid of heat
● More commonly
used vehicle FORMULATION
because more
people use INGREDIENTS ORIGINAL COMPUTED
liniments for AMOUNT AMOUNT
massaging
● More useful when Camphor 45 g 1.35 g
massage is
desired Soap 60 g 1.80 g

DE VILLA, GRIMALDO, OLAVE, RESMA, SALVATIERRA, TAN, TERO

PHA619 LABORATORY: CAMPHORATED SOAP LINIMENT

Rosemary oil 10 mL 0.30 mL

Alcohol 700 mL 21.00 mL

Purified water, qs 1000 mL 30.00 mL

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COMPUTATIONS

NOTE: We followed both the original amount and order of the

ingredients provided by Ma’am in the preparation, not the lab
manual.

● Camphor:

45 𝑔
1000 𝑚𝐿
𝑥 30 𝑚𝐿 = 1.35 g

● Soap:

60 𝑔
1000 𝑚𝐿
𝑥 30 𝑚𝐿 = 1.80 g

● Rosemary oil:

10 𝑚𝐿
1000 𝑚𝐿
𝑥 30 𝑚𝐿 = 0.30 mL

● Alcohol:

700 𝑚𝐿
1000 𝑚𝐿
𝑥 30 𝑚𝐿 = 21 mL

PROCEDURE

1. Dissolve camphor and rosemary oil in alcohol (both

soluble in alcohol)
2. In a separate container, dissolve grated soap in 9 mL
purified water
3. Mix the 2 solutions and allow to stand for 24 hours in
a cool place (for complete saturation)
4. Filter and add enough water to complete volume
(until 30 mL only)

LABEL

● Red label (external use)

CONTAINER

● 30 mL amber bottle
○ Amber bottle - Protection against light and
excessive heat

REMARKS

● Official hand soap should be used. If soap made

from animal oils are used, gelatinization will occur.

DE VILLA, GRIMALDO, OLAVE, RESMA, SALVATIERRA, TAN, TERO