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Script - Lesson 37200228111102020909
Script - Lesson 37200228111102020909
Script - Lesson 37200228111102020909
PREPOSITIONS / PRÄPOSITIONEN
Accusative / Akkusativ – II
OBJECTIVE
SUMMARY
In this lesson we are going to continue our discussion on prepositions. In the first segment we would
focus on two accusative prepositions ‘gegen’ and ‘entlang’. In the second segment, we would
discuss the prepositions in dative case and focus on the preposition ‘aus’. Examples and exercises
would be discussed in this lesson to explain the concepts in a detailed manner.
TEXT
In the previous lesson we discussed the features of prepositions and discussed four prepositions in
accusative case. In this lesson, we would first discuss the remaining two accusative prepositions
‘gegen’ and ‘entlang’.
GEGEN
Direction – in this context ‘gegen’ is used to show direction against which something or
somebody is moving, which may result in collision.
In the above sentence the preposition ‘gegen’ is used with the noun ‘das Gebäude’. Here the
nominative noun ‘das Auto’ and the accusative noun ‘das Gebäude’ are connected to each other
with the preposition ‘gegen’ which shows an inverse relationship. The neutral definite article ‘das’
remains same in accusative.
Against – In this context ‘gegen’ is used to show that something or somebody is against or
opposed to something or somebody. This meaning of ‘gegen’ is used in a more abstract,
subjective context.
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Er (N) ist gegen unseren Plan(A).
In the above sentence the 3rd person pronoun is connected to the accusative noun with ‘gegen’ and
shows the inverse relationship between the pronoun and the noun in accusative case. The
accusative possessive article ‘unseren Plan’ is derived from the nominative possessive article ‘unser
Plan’. This noun carries the article ‘der’ and in accusative ‘der’ converts to ‘den’. The corresponding
possessive determiner also changes from ‘unser’ to ‘unseren’ for masculine possessive article which
is shown here as ‘unseren Plan’.
ENTLANG
The preposition ‘entlang’ is also used to show ‘direction’ in which something or somebody is moving.
It roughly means ‘along’ something like a river, street etc. It is one of the few prepositions which can
change its position. ‘Entlang’ can be also used as a postposition, i.e. the preposition can follow the
noun. The other prepositions always precede the nouns.
a) Die Kinder (N) laufen den Fluss entlang (A).
b) Die Kinder (N) laufen entlang den Fluss (A).
In the sentences above the preposition ‘entlang’ is used as a preposition (a) and postposition (b). In
both the cases the article changes from ‘der’ to ‘den’ when the masculine noun is attached to the
preposition or postposition ‘entlang’.
In the next segment we would focus on the prepositions which take the dative case. Like the
accusative prepositions, dative prepositions too change the case of the article or pronoun when they
are placed with them. Broadly, the following dative prepositions exist in German language.
1. aus
2. bei
3. mit
4. nach
5. seit
6. von
7. zu
8. ab
9. gegenüber
Like prepositions in accusative case, each dative preposition is also contextual in nature. Each
preposition is used to convey a different meaning. From the list of dative prepositions we would
focus on the preposition ‘aus’.
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AUS
The preposition ‘aus’ roughly means ‘out of’ or ‘from’ or ‘origin’ from a source. However, this
meaning can change depending on the following contexts.
Place / Area–In this context ‘aus’ is used to indicate the origin of a noun from a certain place,
like country, city etc.
In the above given sentence, ‘aus’ is used to show the origin of the nominative ‘der Lehrer’.
Enclosed Place / Area – Here ‘aus’ shows also the origin, however from a closed area. Compared
to the previous meaning which has got more geographical context, this meaning is limited to
closed spaces like room, hall etc.
In the above sentence the dative element is the noun ‘dem Zimmer’. This is derived from the neutral
definite article ‘das’ which is converted to ‘dem’ in dative case.
Material – the preposition ‘aus’ is used here to show the origin of a substance from another
substance.
In this sentence the preposition ‘aus’ is used to designate the origin of the nominative noun.
Origin (time) – In this context the use of ‘aus’ focuses on the origin of a substance from a given
period of time, in terms of years, days etc.
In the above sentence due to the presence of the preposition ‘aus’ the neutral article ‘das’ changes
to ‘dem’ for the noun ‘Jahr’.
CASE STUDY – This lesson does not require any case study.
FAQs
A: Yes. Certain accusative and dative prepositions may overlap in their meanings depending on the
sentence structure and meaning
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ASSIGNMENT
1. Please watch the video and revise the various features of prepositions gegen, entlang & aus.
2. Please list all the features of the above mentioned prepositions and based on the examples and
exercises in this lesson build as many new sentences (atleast 10-15)
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8. ______ ______ Straβen stehen viele Autos.
a) Entlang…die
b) Entlang…der
c) Entlang…das
d) Entlang…dem
TUTORIALS
https://german.tolearnfree.com/free-german-lessons/free-german-exercise-68426.php
http://www.jabbalab.com/blog/15792/german-dative-prepositions
LINKS
https://learngerman.dw.com/en/preposition-dative/gr-38268686
https://learngerman.dw.com/en/stating-locations-cities-countries/gr-38313056
REFERENCES
Funk, H. Studio d. A1, A2 Cornelsen, Berlin / Goyal Saab, Delhi
GLOSSARY
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die Familie – family
jung – young
einander – each other
gerade – right now
trinken – to drink