Maths - IB Important Questions

The Straight Line

Long Answer Questions.

1. Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the following vertices

i)  2, 1 ,  6, 1 and  2,5 ii)  5, 2  ,  1, 2  and 1, 4 
2. Find the orthocenter of the triangle whose vertices are  5, 7  , 13, 2  and  5,6  .
3. If the equations of the sides of a triangle are 7 x  y  10  0, x  2 y  5  0 and x  y  2  0 , find the
orthocenter of the triangle.
4. Find the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines x  2 y  0, 4 x  3 y  5 and 3 x  y  0.
5. Find the circumcenter of the triangle whose vertices are given below
i)  2,3 ,  2, 1 and  4,0  ii) 1,3 ,  0, 2  and  3,1
6. Find the circumcenter of the triangle whose vertices are 1,3 ,  3,5  and  5, 1 .
7. Find the circumcenter of the triangle whose sides are
3 x  y  5  0, x  2 y  4  0 and 5 x  3 y  1  0.
8. Find the circumcenter of the triangle whose sides are given by
x  y  2  0, 5 x  y  2  0 and x  2 y  5  0 .
9. If p and q are the lengths of the perpendiculars from the origin to the straight lines
x sec   cos ec   a and x cos   y sin   a cos 2 , prove that 4 p 2  q 2  a 2 .

10. If Q  h, k  is the foot of the perpendicular from P  x1 , y1  on the straight line

ax  by  c  0, then  h  x1  : a   k  y1  : b    ax1  by1  c  :  a 2  b 2  . Find the foot of the

perpendicular from  1,3 on the straight line 5 x  y  18  0.

11. If Q  h, k  is the image of the point P  x1 , y1  w.r.t. the straight line

ax  by  c  0, then  h  x1  : a   k  y1  : b  2  ax1  by1  c  :  a 2  b 2  . Find the image of

1, 2  w.r.t. the straight line 2 x  3 y  5  0 .

12. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point  3, 2  and making an angle of 45o
with the straight line 3 x  y  4  0.
13. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point (1, 2) and making an angle of 60 o with
the line 3 x  y  2  0.

1 # (Maths IB Imp Questions)

14. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through (1,1) and which are at a
distance of 3 units from ( 2,3) .

15. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point of intersection of the

lines 3x  2 y  4  0, 2 x  5 y  1 and whose distance from (2,  1) is 2.

16. The base of an equilateral triangle is x  y  2  0 and the opposite vertex is (2, -1). Find the equations
of the remaining sides.
17. A person standing at the junction (crossing) of two stright paths represented by the equations
2 x  3 y  4  0 and 3 x  4 y  5  0 wants to reach the path whose equation is 6 x  7 y  8  0 in the
least time. Find the equation of the path that he should follow.
18. Show that the lines x  7 y  22  0, 3 x  4 y  9  0 and 7 x  y  54  0 form a right angled isosceles
triangle.
x y x y
19.   1 and   1
A variable straight line drawn through the point of intersection of the straight lines
a b b a
meets the coordinate axes at A and B. Show that the locus of the mid point of
AB is 2  a  b  xy  ab  x  y  .

Pair of Straight Lines

Long Answer Questions

1. Find the value of k, if the equation 2 x 2  kxy  6 y 2  3x  y  1  0 represents a pair of straight lines.
Find the point of intersection of the lines and the angle between the straight lines for this value of k.
2. Show that the two pairs of lines 3 x 2  8 xy  3 y 2  0 and 3x 2  8 xy  3 y 2  2 x  4 y  1  0 form a
square.
3. Find the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
7 x 2  4 xy  8 y 2  2 x  4 y  8  0 with the straight line 3 x  y  2 and also the angle between them
4. Show that the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
x 2  xy  y 2  3 x  3 y  2  0 and the straight line x  y  2  0 are mutually perpendicular..
5. Find the values of k, if the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
2 x 2  2 xy  3 y 2  2 x  y  1  0 and the line x  2 y  k are mutually perpendicular..
6. Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
x 2  2 xy  y 2  2 x  2 y  5  0 and the line 3 x  y  1  0.
7. Find the condition for the chord lx  my  1 of the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 (whose centre is the origin) to
subtend a right angle at the origin.
8. Find the condition for the lines joining the origin to the points of itersection of the circle x 2  y 2  a 2
and the line lx  my  1 to coincide.

2 # (Maths IB Imp Questions)

9. If the equation ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 represent a pair of straight lines. Then the angle  between the

ab
lines is given by cos   .
 a  b   4h 2
2

10. If the equation ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 represents a pair of intersecting lines, then the combined equation

of the pair of bisectors of the angles between these lines is h  x  y    a  b  xy.

2 2

11. Show that the product of the perpendicular distance from a point  ,   to the pair of straight lines

a 2  2h  b 2
ax  2hxy  by  0 is
2 2
.
 a  b   4h 2
2

12. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines

n 2 h 2  ab
ax  2hxy  by  0 and lx  my  n  0 is
2 2
.
am 2  2hlm  bl 2

13. If the second degree equation S  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 in the two variables

x and y represents a pair of straight lines, then
i) abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2  0 and
ii) h 2  ab, g 2  ac and f 2  bc.
14. If the equation S  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 represents a pair of parallel straight lines, then
(i) h 2  ab (ii) af 2  bg 2 and (iii) the distance between the parallel lines

82  ac f 2  bc
2 2 .
a a  b b a  b

15. Find the centroid of the triangle formed by the lines 12 x 2  20 xy  7 y 2  0 and 2 x  3 y  4  0.

16. Prove that the lines represented by the equation x 2  4 xy  y 2  0 and x  y  3 form an equilateral
triangle.

Show that the straight lines represented by  x  2a   3 y 2  0 and x  a form an equilateral triangle.
2
17.
18. Find the centroid and the area of the triangle formed by the following lines
i) 2 y 2  xy  6 x 2  0, x  y  4  0 ii) 3 x 2  4 xy  y 2  0, 2 x  y  6
18. Find the equation of the bisector of the acute angle between the lines
3 x  4 y  7  0 and 12 x  5 y  2  0.
20. Find the equation of the bisector of the obtuse angle between the lines
x  y  5  0 and 12 x  5 y  2  0.

3 # (Maths IB Imp Questions)

 Show that the lines represented by  lx  my   3  mx  ly   0 and lx  my  n  0 form an equilateral
2 2
21.

n2
triangle with area .
3  l 2  m2 

22. Show that the straight lines represented by 3 x 2  48 xy  23 y 2  0 and 3 x  2 y  13  0 form an

13
equilateral triangle of area sq. units.
3

22. If  ,   is the centroid of the triangle formed by the lines ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and lx  my  1,

  2
prove that   .
bl  hm am  hl 3  bl  2hlm  am 2 
2

23. Show that the equation 2 x 2  13 xy  7 y 2  x  23 y  6  0 represents a pair of straight lines. Also find
the angle between them and the coordinates of the point of intersection of the lines.
24. Show that the pair of straight lines 6 x 2  5 xy  6 y 2  0 and 6 x 2  5 xy  6 y 2  x  5 y  1  0 form a
square.
25. Write down the equation of the pair of straight lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the
line 6 x  y  8  0 with the pair of straight lines. 3 x 2  4 xy  4 y 2  11x  2 y  6  0.
Show that the lines so obtained make equal angles with the co-ordinate axes.

Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios

Long Answer Questions
1. Find the direction cosines of two lines which are connected by th erelations
l  m  n  0 and mn  2nl  2lm  0.
2. Find the direction cosines of two lines which are connected by the relations
l  5m  3n  0 and 7l 2  5m 2  3n 2  0.
3. Show that the lines whose d,c.’s are given by l  m  n  0, 2mn  3nl  5lm  0 are perpendicular to
each other.
4. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equations
l  m  n  0, l 2  m 2  n 2  0.
5. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations
3l  m  5n  0 and 6mn  2nl  5lm  0.
6. If a ray makes angles  ,  ,  ,  with the four diagonals of a cube find
cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   cos 2  .
7. Find the angle between two diagonals of a cube.
8. A  1, 2, 3 , B  5,0, 6  , C  0, 4, 1 are three points. Show that the direction cosines of the bisectors
of BAC are proportional to (25, 8, 5) and (-11, 20, 23).

4 # (Maths IB Imp Questions)

9. The vertices of a triangle are A 1, 4, 2  , B  2,1, 2  , C  2,3, 4  . Find A, B, C.

Differentiation

Long Answer Questions.

 1  x2  1  x2  dy
 for 0  x  1, find
1
1. If y  Tan  .
 1  x 2  1  x 2  dx

dy
If y  x   sin x 
tan x cos x
2. , find .
dx
3. Establish the following

dy 1  y2
i) If 1  x  1  y  a  x  y  then 
2 2
.
dx 1  x2

ii) If y  x a  x  a log x  a  x then

2 2 2 2 2
  dy
dx
 2 a2  x2 .

dy y 1  log x log y 
iii) If x
log y
 log x then  .
dx x  log 2 x 

1  3 x  x  1  4 x  4 x 
3 3
1  2 x  dy 1
iv) If y  tan  2 
 tan  2 
 tan  4 
. Then  .
 1 x   1  3x   1 6x  x  dx 1  x 2
2

4. Find the derivatives of the following functions.

 sin x  iii)  sin x   x sin x iv) x x   cot x 

log x x x
i)  x sin x

dy  yx y 1  y x log y 
i) If x  y  a then show that   y
y x b
5. x 1 
.
dx  x log x  xy 

x x
ii) If f  x   sin and g  x   tan 1 then f '  x   g '  x    x    .
1

  x

 a cos x  b 
If a  b  0 and 0  x   ; f  x    a  b 
1/2
 then f '  x    a  b cos x  .
1
6.
2 2
.cos 1 
 a  b cos x 

1  cos x  dy
7. (i) y = tan   , find .
 1  cos x  dx

 b  a sin x  dy
(ii) y  Sin 1    a  0, b  0  , find dx .
 a  b sin x 

5 # (Maths IB Imp Questions)

 dy
8. Find of the following
dx

1  2 x  1  3x   a  x  b  x   x  3  x 2  4 
2/3 3/4 2 3

i) y ii) y  iii) y 
1  6 x  1  7 x  c  2x 
5/6 6/7 3
3x 2  4 x  5

d2y h 2  ab
If ax  2hxy  by  1 then prove that 
2 2
9. .
dx 2  hx  by 3

Application of Derivatives
Tangents & Normals
Long Answer Questions.
1. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the tangent at any point on the curve xy  c  c  0  , with the
coordinate axes is constant.
1 1 1
2. Show that the tangent at P  x1 , y1  on the curve x  y  a is yy1  xx1  a .
2 2 2

2 2 2
3. If the tangent at any point on the curve x 3  y 3  a 3 intersects the coordinate axes in A and B, then show
that the length AB is a constant.
4. If the tangent at any point P on the curve x m y n  a m n  mn  0  meets the coordinate axes in A, B, then
show that AP : BP is a constant.

Show that the square of the length of subtangent at any point on the curve by 2   x  a   b  0  varies
3
5.
with the length of the subnormal at that point.
6. At any point t on the curve x  a  t  sin t  , y  a 1  cos t  , find the lengths of tangent, normal, subtangent
and subnormal.
7. Find the lengths of subtangent, subnormal at a point t on the curve
x  a  cos t  t sin t  , y  a  sin t  t cos t  .

8. Find the angle between the curves xy  2 and x 2  4 y  0.

9. Show that the condition for the orthogonality of the curves
1 1 1 1
ax 2  by 2  1 and a1 x 2  b1 y 2  1 is    .
a b a1 b1

10. Show that the curves y 2  4  x  1 and y 2  36  9  x  intersect orthogonally..

Find the angle between the curve given below:

11. y 2  4 x; x 2  y 2  5

6 # (Maths IB Imp Questions)

12. 2 y 2  9 x  0; 3 x 2  4 y  0 in the 4th quadrant
13. y 2  8 x; 4 x 2  y 2  32

MAXIMA AND MINIMA

Long Answer Questions.

1. A wire of length l is cut into two parts which are bent respectively in the form of a square and a circle.
What are the lengths of the pieces of the wire respectively so that the sum of the areas is the least.

2. If the curved surface of right circular cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius r is maximum, show that the
height of the cylinder is 2r.

3. A window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. If the perimeter of the window is
20 ft. , find the maximum area.

4. From a rectangular sheet of dimensions 30cm  80cm., four equal squares of side x cm. are removed at
the corners, and the sides are then turned up so as to form an open rectangular box. Find the value of x,
so that the volume of the box is the greatest.

5. Find two positive numbers whose sum is 15 so that the sum of their squares is minimum.

6. Find the maximum area of the rectangle that can be formed with fixed perimeter 20.

7. Prove that the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface area which can be inscribed
in a given cone is half of the cone.
8. Find the points of local extrema of the function f  x   x 3  9 x 2  48 x  6x  R. Also find its local
extrema.

9. Find the absolute maximum value and absolute minimum value of the following functions on the domain
specified against the function
i) f  x   sin x  cos xon  0,   ii) f  x   x  sin 2 x on  0,  .

10. Find two positive intergers x and y such that x  y  60 and xy 3 is maximum.

11. Find two positive integers whose sum is 16 and the sum of whose squares is minimum.

7 # (Maths IB Imp Questions)