January

World Day of Peace – January 1

 The World Day of Peace is a feast day of the Catholic Church dedicated to universal
peace, held on 1 January, the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God. Pope Paul VI
established it in 1967.
 1st time - 1 January 1968.
 2022 theme - End racism. Build peace.
 Secretary-General António Guterres
National Human Trafficking Awareness Day – January 11
 The purpose of the day is to raise awareness about the condition of human trafficking
victims, as well as to promote and safeguard their rights.
 Theme 2022 - Use and Abuse of Technology
 1st Time - 2011 by Presidential Proclamation of National Slavery and Human
Trafficking Prevention Month.
 In 2011 President Barack Obama issued a Presidential Proclamation, designating each
January to be National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month. The
anniversary of this proclamation became known as National Human Trafficking
Awareness Day.
National Youth Day – January 12
 Also known as Rashtriya Yuva Diwas
 Theme 2022 - It's all in the mind.
 1st Time 1984 to celebrate the birthday of great Swami Vivekananda.
 Aim – To celebrate the National Youth Day is to encourage the youths to learn the
ideals and teachings of Vivekananda and implement them in their lives.
 First National Youth Festival - 1995 – Bhopal
World Religion Day – January 15
 National Spiritual Assembly – Baha - United States - World Religion Day in 1949.
 1st time - 1950.
 Purpose - To highlight the ideas that the spiritual principles underlying the world's
religions are harmonious, and that religions play a significant role in unifying
humanity.
 World Religion Day - celebrated in over 80 countries.
Indian Army Day – January 15
 Army Day is celebrated on 15 January every year in India, in recognition of Field
Marshal Kodandera M. Cariappa's (then a Lieutenant General) taking over as the first
Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army from General Francis Roy Bucher , the last
British Commander-in-Chief of India, on 15 January 1949.
 On 15 January 2022, India celebrated its 74th Indian Army Day in New Delhi.
 The main Army Day parade is conducted in Cariappa Parade ground in Delhi
cantonment.
 In Stride with the Future – theme of 2022
  "SEVA ASMAKAM DHARMA" was adopted as the motto of the Corps. These
words enshrine the noble Indian ethos of 'Service'.
International Day of Education – January 24
 The right to education is enshrined in article 26 of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. The declaration calls for free and compulsory elementary education.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted in 1989, goes further to stipulate
that countries shall make higher education accessible to all.
 When it adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in September 2015,
the international community recognized that education is essential for the success of
all 17 of its goals. Sustainable Development Goal 4, in particular, aims to “ensure
inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities
for all” by 2030.
 The theme - Changing Course, Transforming Education.
 The celebration, led by the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), aims to showcase the most important transformations that have to be
nurtured to realize everyone’s fundamental right to education and build a more
sustainable, inclusive and peaceful futures.
National Tourism Day – January 25
 Theme 2022 - Rethinking Tourism.
 Why - To celebrate the diversity of our country.
 Tourism minister - Shri G. Kishan Reddy.
 In 1958, the government realised the importance of tourism coming to India and that
led to the creation of a separate department of tourism.

February
Abolition of Slavery Day – February 1
 Purpose - Marks the date of the adoption, by the General Assembly, of the United
Nations Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the
Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others (resolution 317(IV) of 2 December 1949).
 1st Country that banned slavery – Haiti
 1981 - Mauritania - last country - to abolish slavery.
 Theme 2022 - Stories of Courage: Resistance to Slavery and Unity against Racism.
National River Day – February 2
 Theme 2022 - The importance of Rivers to Biodiversity.
 Purpose - To increase public awareness about rivers and to encourage their
conservation. The day celebrates Earth's waterways, in which over 60 countries
participate every year.
 1st time - 2005
Wetlands Day – February 2
 Aims to raise global awareness about the vital role of wetlands for people and planet.
 Theme 2022 - Wetlands Action for People and Nature.
  UN General Assembly - 30 August 2021 - adopted 2 February - World Wetlands Day.
 1st time – 2022.
 This day also marks the date of the adoption of the Convention on Wetlands on 2
February 1971, in the Iranian city of Ramsar.
 2021 Theme - Wetlands and Water.
 Importance - The ideal time to increase people's understanding of these critically
important ecosystems.
 Slogan - Wetlands not a Wasteland.
- Stop draining the life from wetlands, use wisely.
- Rewet, reforest, restore Wetlands.
World Cancer Day – February 4
 Colour - blue and orange.
 1st Time - 2000 - World Summit Against Cancer - Paris.
 By - Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).
 World Cancer Day - 2022-2024 Theme - Close the Care Gap.
International Day of Human Fraternity – February 4
 International Day of Human Fraternity - United Nations General Assembly -
December 21, 2020 - to promote greater cultural and religious tolerance.
 Aim - enhance dialogue on co-existence of humans globally.
 Theme 2021 - A Pathway to the Future
 Theme 2022 - Human Fraternity in Action.
Kyoto Protocol Day – February 16
 Adopted - 11 December 1997.
 In force - 16 February 2005.
 Aim – To reduce the emission of gases that contribute to global warming.
 Gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons
and sulphur hexafluoride.
 192 Parties - Kyoto Protocol.
 Kyoto Protocol - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change -
committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce
greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.
 Annex B - Kyoto Protocol - reduction targets - 37 industrialized countries and
economies in transition and the European Union.
 Overall, these targets add up to an average 5 per cent emission reduction compared to
1990 levels over the five year period 2008–2012 ( first commitment period ).
 Doha, Qatar - 8 December 2012 - Doha Amendment - Kyoto Protocol - adopted
second commitment period - 2013 – 2020( second commitment period ).
 28 October 2020 - 147 Parties deposited their instrument of acceptance, therefore the
threshold of 144 instruments of acceptance for entry into force of the Doha
Amendment was achieved. The amendment entered into force on 31 December 2020.
 The amendment includes:
  New commitments for Annex I Parties to the Kyoto Protocol who agreed to take on
commitments in a second commitment period from 1 January 2013 to 31 December
2020;
 A revised list of GHG to be reported on by Parties in the second commitment period;
and
 Amendments to several articles of the Kyoto Protocol which specifically referenced
issues pertaining to the first commitment period and which needed to be updated for
the second commitment period.
 On 21 December 2012, the amendment was circulated by the Secretary-General of the
United Nations, acting in his capacity as Depositary, to all Parties to the Kyoto
Protocol in accordance with Articles 20 and 21 of the Protocol.
 During the first commitment period, 37 industrialized countries and economies in
transition and the European Community committed to reduce GHG emissions to an
average of five percent against 1990 levels. During the second commitment period,
Parties committed to reduce GHG emissions by at least 18 percent below 1990 levels
in the eight-year period from 2013 to 2020; however, the composition of Parties in the
second commitment period is different from the first.
 Three market-based mechanisms:
 International Emissions Trading
 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
 Joint implementation (JI)
 UN Climate Change Secretariat - Bonn, Germany.
 What replaced Kyoto Protocol?
 The landmark accord - signed by 196 countries – UNFCCC - replaced Kyoto Protocol
World Day of Social Justice – February 20
 26 November 2007 - General Assembly – started – 63rd session - General Assembly -
20 February - World Day of Social Justice.
 International Labour Organization - adopted ILO Declaration - Social Justice for -
Fair Globalization - 10 June 2008.
 3rd principles and policies - International Labour Conference since - ILO’s
Constitution of 1919.
 Philadelphia Declaration - 1944 - Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights
at Work of 1998.
 2008 Declaration - contemporary vision - ILO’s mandate in the era of globalization.
 2022 Theme - Achieving Social Justice through Formal Employment.
National Science Day – February 28
 Theme 2022 - Integrated Approach in science and technology for Sustainable Future.
 Why - to commemorate discovery of the 'Raman Effect', which led to Sir C.V. Raman
winning the Noble Prize.
 Proposed – 1986.
 1st Time – 1987.
 The theme for NSD 2022 – given by - Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh.
 CV Raman - Nobel Prize for Physics – 1930 – for Raman Effect.
 1954 – CV Raman - Bharat Ratna.
  Aim - To propagate the message of the importance of science and its application
among the people.
 Four-fold integrated approach for a sustainable future –
 Extended scientific intervention
 Medical
 Identification of the needs of other ministries.
 Inclusive approach integrating startups and industry.

March
Zero Discrimination Day – March 1
 Aim - Highlights how people can become informed about and promote inclusion,
compassion, peace and, above all, a movement for change.
 Theme 2022 - Remove laws that harm, create laws that empower – by UNAIDS.
 Theme 2021 - End Inequalities.
 Zero Discrimination Day – established - 1st March 2014 - UNAIDS Executive
Director - Michel Sidibe – Beijing - following the launch of UNAIDS' Zero
Discrimination Campaign - 1st December 2013.
 Symbol – A Butterfly.
 UNAIDS Goal - To end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030.
 UNAIDS is guided by - Programme Coordinating Board (PCB) - 22 governments.
 UNAIDS - Executive Director - Winnie Byanyima.
World Wildlife Day – March 3
 Theme 2022 - Recovering key species for ecosystem restoration.
 Why - The date is the day of the adoption of the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1973, which plays an
important role in ensuring that international trade does not threaten the species'
survival.
 It is celebrated by - UN - 3 March - To create awareness about the various species of
wild flora and fauna that inhabit the world. The day is also observed to encourage
people to help in the preservation of the planet's biodiversity.
 8,400 species - wild fauna and flora – endangered.
 20 December 2013- 68th session - UN General Assembly - 3 March – day of
signature of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITES) – 1973.
 The achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals –
 1 (No Poverty)
 2 (Zero hunger)
 12 (Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns)
 13 (Climate Action)
 14 (Life Below Water)
 15 (Life on Land).
World Information Architecture Day – March 5
 What – A one-day celebration held every March 5 by volunteers in numerous
locations to inspire global discussion about Information Architecture (IA) and its
application in our everyday lives.
 Aim - organizing, structuring, and labeling content in an effective and sustainable
way.
 2023 Theme - Orientation and Wayfinding.
 2022 Theme - A Connected World.
 1st Time – 2012.
 The mid 1970s - Richard Wurman – 1st used “information” and “architecture.
International Women's Day – March 8
 Theme 2022 - Gender equality today for a sustainable tomorrow.
 Why - To celebrating the achievements of women and seeking gender equality.
 March 8, 1917 - Petrograd - February 23 ,1917 - women textile workers began a
demonstration that eventually engulfed the whole city, demanding "Bread and
Peace"—an end to World War I, to food shortages, and to czarism.
 Colour that denoted justice and dignity – Purple.
 Started in – 1975.
 1910 - Clara Zetkin - The leader of the Women's Office for the Social Democratic
Party in Germany tabled - idea of an International Women's Day at the second
International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen. The proposal received
unanimous support from over 100 women representing 17 countries.
 White implies fairness and equality.
Commonwealth Day – March 13
 Service held at Westminster Abbey(2022).
 2022 Theme - Delivering a Common Future.
 54 Member Countries.
 2022 is Her Majesty The Queen’s platinum Jubilee Year.
 Commonwealth Day celebrating the Queen's platinum jubilee.
 Why - A holiday observed in parts of the Commonwealth of Nations formerly on May
24 as the anniversary of Queen Victoria's birthday and now on the second Monday in
March.
 Goals - prosperity, democracy and peace.
 2022 Motto - Sport is just the beginning.
 1926 conference - Britain and the Dominions - agreed that they were all equal
members of a community within the British Empire.
 They all owed allegiance to the British king or queen, but the United Kingdom did not
rule over them. This community was called the British Commonwealth of Nations or
just the Commonwealth.
 1st Time - 11 December 1931.
 King Charles III - Head of the Commonwealth.
 Colours - Black, True Red, Triumph Yellow, and Heritage Blue.
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF ACTION FOR RIVERS - March 14
 2022 Theme - The Importance of Rivers for Biodiversity.
 Why - To raise awareness about the value and importance of rivers.
 March 1997 - Curitiba, Brazil - First International Meeting of People Affected by
Dams - adopted International Day of Action Against Dams and For Rivers, Water and
Life.
 They decided that the International Day of Action For Rivers will take place on
March 14.
 Largest River – River Nile – 6650km.
 Longest River – Amazon River – 4345 miles.
 Deepest River – The Congo River – 720feet.
 25th Anniversary - International Day of Action for Rivers - March 14, 2022.
Equal Pay Day – March 15
 1996 – Started.
 Theme 2022 - Not Done.
 Equal Pay Day was originated by the National Committee on Pay Equity (NCPE) in
1996.
 It was originally called ‘National Pay Inequity Awareness Day’ and changed to Equal
Pay Day in 1998.
 Why - Because women earn less, on average, than men, they must work longer for the
same amount of pay. The wage gap is even greater for most women of color.
National Vaccination Day – March 16
 Why - To acknowledge and appreciate the hard work of frontline health care workers
to ensure the vaccination of every child.
 India is moving towards measles and rubella elimination through the vaccination of
over 324 million children between 2017 and 2020 through MR vaccination
campaigns.
 Edward Jenner – 1796 – 1st vaccine – for Smallpox.
 COVAXIN - India's 1st Indigenous COVID-19 Vaccine – Bharat Biotech.
 The 1st dose of oral polio vaccine - 1995 - India.
 The last case of polio - Bengal – 2011.
 2022 Theme - vaccines work for all.
International Day of Forests – March 21
 Theme 2022 - Forests and sustainable production and consumption.
 Why - To celebrate and raise awareness of the importance of all types of forests.
 16th session - FAO - World Forestry Day - 1971.
 2007 – 2012 - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) - held six Forest
Days.
 Partnering with Collaborative Partnership on Forest, 2011 was declared as the Year of
Forests.
 November 28, 2012 - The UN General Assembly - March 21 - International Day of
Forests (IDF).
World Water Day – March 22
 Theme 2022 - Groundwater Making the invisible visible.
 Theme 2023 - Accelerating Change.
 Why – To celebrates water and raises awareness of the 2.2 billion people living
without access to safe water.
 Core focus - World Water Day - to inspire action towards - SDG 6: water and
sanitation for all by 2030.
 0.5% - earth's water - fresh water.
 World Water Day – 1st Time – 1993.

April
Nature Day – April 2
 Theme 2022 - Cut Down on Plastic.
 Aim - To create awareness about the importance of natural resources and the
conservation around them.
World Health Day – April 7
 Theme 2022 - Our planet, our health.
 Why - draws attention to a specific health topic of concern to people all over the
world.
 1st Time - 7 April 1948 - WHO.
 WHO Director-General - Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
 Two snakes on the medical symbol - The sign of settlement of quarrels.
Global Day to End Child Sexual Abuse – April 11
 Aim - to build awareness and launch a global crusade against the crime of child abuse.
 1st Time - 2013 - Global Day to End Child Sexual Abuse.
 Representatives in more than 30 countries around the world and more than half of the
states in the United States organized and hosted events to promote the prevention of
child abuse.
 Theme 2022 - Raise awareness of sexual abuse perpetrated on children.
International Day for Human Space Flight – April 12
 2011 – UN General Assembly - 50th anniversary – 1st human spaceflight - 12 April -
International Day of Human Space Flight.
 12 April 1961 – 1st Human space flight - Yuri Gagarin - Soviet citizen.
 Voyager Golden Record - into space - 1977 - message from humanity to the cosmos.
 4 October 1957 – 1st Human-made Earth satellite - Sputnik I - launched into outer
space, thus opening the way for space exploration.
 12 April 1961 - Yuri Gagarin – 1st Human - to orbit the Earth.
 The Declaration further recalls “the amazing history of human presence in outer space
and the remarkable achievements since the first human spaceflight, in particular
 Valentina Tereshkova – 1st Woman - to orbit the Earth - 16 June 1963.
 Neil Armstrong – 1st Human - to set foot upon the surface of the Moon - 20 July 1969.
  The docking of the Apollo and Soyuz spacecrafts - 17 July 1975 – 1st International
human mission in space.
 Recall that for the past decade humanity has maintained a multinational permanent
human presence in outer space aboard the International Space Station.
 10 October 1967 - The "Magna Carta of Space" - also known as the Treaty on
Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer
Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies entered into force.
 To celebrate each year at the international level the beginning of the space era for
mankind, reaffirming the important contribution of space science and technology in
achieving sustainable development goals and increasing the well-being of States and
peoples, as well as ensuring the realization of their aspiration to maintain outer space
for peaceful purposes.
 Spaceflight began in the 20th century following theoretical and practical
breakthroughs by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert H. Goddard, and Hermann Oberth.
Save the Elephant Day – April 16
 1st August 12, 2012 - World Elephant Day - launched tcheeto bring attention to the
urgent plight of Asian and African elephants.
 Launched by - Patricia Sims and the Elephant Reintroduction Foundation of Thailand.
 Why - To raise awareness about the dangers elephants face and the various difficulties
they have to overcome to live.
International Day for Monuments and Sites – April 18
Or world heritage day – april 18
 1982 - UNESCO General Conference - 18 April as - International Day for
Monuments and Sites.
 The Day is promoted by ICOMOS globally.
 50 years of the 1972 World Heritage Convention as we reflect on this during its 50th
anniversary this year.
 Theme 2022 - Heritage and Climate.
 Aim – To promote awareness about the cultural heritage and diversity on the planet.
 The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) established the day in
1982 and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) approved it in 1983.
 Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972.
International Astronomy Day – April 29
 International Astronomy Day - observed two times a year.
 While one is celebrated in Spring and the other one is in Autumn.
 This year the days will fall on 7 May and 1 October 2022.
 Starwalk.space- Astronomical Association - Northern California - President Doug
Berger - World Astronomy Day - 1973.
 Theme - Bringing Astronomy to the People.
 Why - To make people aware of one of the greatest natural sciences existing in the
world-Astronomy.
 International Astronomy Day - started - Doug Berger.
 May
Save The Rhino Day – May 1
 Why - To spread awareness and educate people about the various species of
rhinoceros and the danger they are facing.
 Theme 2022 - Five Rhino Species Forever.
International Drone Day – May 6
 David Oneal - 1st drone – 2014.
 The 1st event was held in May 2015.
National Technology Day – May 11
 Theme 2022 - An Integrated Approach to Science and Technology for a Sustainable
Future.
 1st observed - 11th May 1999.
 May 11, India celebrated National Technology Day to commemorate the 10th
anniversary of the Pokhran nuclear test in 1998.
 Atal Bihari Vajpayee, then Prime Minister, marked it a significant day and for the first
time, Technology Day came into existence in 1999.
 India performed a successful test firing of the Trishul missile on the same day.
 Operation Shakti (Pokhran-II) on 11 May,1998 was initiated.
International Museum Day – May 18
 Theme 2022 - The Power of Museums.
 Aim – To raise awareness about the fact that, “Museums are an important means of
cultural exchange, enrichment of cultures and development of mutual understanding,
cooperation and peace among peoples.
 1st Time - International Museum Day – 1977 - coordinated by ICOM.
 An annual theme for the event - adopted - 1992.
 International poster - ICOM – 1st developed – 1997 - by 28 countries.
 1814 - Asiatic Society of Bengal - Indian Museum - earliest and the largest
multipurpose Museum – in Indian subcontinent and Asia-Pacific region – created by -
Sir William Jones.
 By size - The Louvre - n Paris, France - largest museum on Earth - 73,000 square
metres.
 Capitoline Museum or Musei Capitolini, -oldest museum in world - Located in -
Rome.
 largest planetarium in India - Birla Planetarium – Kolkata.
 In Ladakh - community museum - in Gya - Sasoma villages - Leh district.

International Day for Biological Diversity – May 22

 Theme 2022 - Building a shared future for all life.
 Aim - To increase understanding and awareness of biodiversity issues.
  2022 Global biodiversity - organised - Bonn, Germany.
 1st created - Second Committee - UN General Assembly - 1993, 29 December.
 In Country - Most Biological Diversity – Brazil.
 Coral reefs have very high biodiversity—more than 25 percent of all marine species
are found on coral reefs, which occupy less than one percent of the ocean.
 Arctic Regions - least biodiversity.
 In Forest - Tropical rain forest – Amazon Forest - highest bio-diversity.
 Great Barrier Reef - largest living structure on Earth - 9,000 species of marine life.
QUEEN VICTORIA -- May 24
 Victoria Day - Canadian holiday - British sovereign’s birthday is celebrated.
 In 1845 - during the reign of Queen Victoria - May 24 - Queen’s birthday - declared a
holiday in Canada.
 After Victoria’s death in 1901, an act of the Canadian Parliament established Victoria
Day as a legal holiday, to be celebrated on May 24 (or on May 25 when May 24 fell
on a Sunday).
 Victoria’s son Edward VII (born November 9) birthday - also celebrated on Victoria
Day.
World Hunger Day – May 28
 Theme 2022 – YouthEndingHunger.
 Why - To raise awareness about the substantial rise in hunger in recent years.
 World Food Day (WFD) - established by FAO's Member Countries – at
Organization's 20th General Conference - November 1979.
 World Hunger Day - founded by - The Hunger Project in 2011.
 Objective - To heighten public awareness on the problem of hunger, malnutrition and
poverty, as well as focus attention on agriculture and food production.
 Hunger Index - Released by - Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe – every
October.
International Day of UN Peacekeepers – May 29
 Theme 2022 – Theme for 2022: People. Peace. Progress. The Power of Partnerships.
 UN Peacekeeping - began – 1948 - UN Security Council authorized the deployment
of UN military observers to the Middle East.
 Composition - soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel.
 India - largest troop-contributing countries to the UN peacekeeping missions.
 2007- India became – 1st country - to deploy an all-women contingent to a UN
peacekeeping mission.
 Largest UN mission - February 2022 - United Nations Mission in South Sudan
(UNMISS).

World No Tobacco Day – May 31

 Aim - raise awareness among the public about the negative environmental impacts of
tobacco – from cultivation, production, distribution and waste.
 Theme 2022 - Tobacco: Threat to our environment.
  World Health Organization (WHO) – Jharkhand - for World No Tobacco Day
(WNTD) Award-2022.
 World Health Assembly - 7 April 1988 - "a world no-smoking day." - Celebration of
World No Tobacco Day - on 31 May.

june
World Environment Day – June 5
 World Environment Day 2022 - hosted by Sweden – Theme - Only One Earth - focus
on - Living Sustainably in Harmony with Nature.
 1972, the UN General Assembly - established - World Environment Day – 1st day of
Stockholm Conference - Human Environment.
 1974 1st WED was held - theme "Only One Earth".
 2022 is a historic milestone for the global environmental community. It marks 50
years since the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment.
 India - global host - 2018 - World Environment Day - on June 5, 2018 – Theme - Beat
Plastic Pollution - the world is coming together to combat single-use plastic pollution.
 World environment day - 2011 - hosted by – India - 1st time - Theme - Forests –
Nature At Your Service.
World Food Safety Day – June 7
 Theme 2022 - Safer Food, Better Health.
 Why - To strengthen efforts to ensure that the food we eat is safe, mainstream food
safety in the public agenda and reduce the burden of foodborne diseases globally.
 UN General Assembly - established - World Food Safety Day – 2018.
 1st time – 2019 – Theme - Food Safety, Everyone's Business.
World Oceans Day – June 8
 Theme - Revitalization: collective action for the ocean.
 5 December 2008 - UN General Assembly - 8 June as World Oceans Day.
 World Oceans Day - 1st proposed in 1992 - at the Earth Summit - in Rio de Janeiro as
a way to celebrate our world’s shared ocean.
 Why - To raise awareness about the crucial role the ocean plays in our lives and the
important ways people can help protect it.
Child Labor Day – June 12
 Theme 2022 - Universal Social Protection to End Child Labour.
 Why - to serve as a catalyst for the growing worldwide movement against child labor.
 Sub-Saharan Africa - largest proportion of child laborers.
 June 12 – adopted - World Day Against Child Labour – 2002 - by International Labor
Organization.
Global Wind Day – June 15
 Theme 2022 - Celebrating The Power Of Clean Energy.
  Why - It is a day for discovering wind energy, its power and the possibilities it holds
to reshape our energy systems, decarbonise our economies and boost jobs and growth.
 India - potential of about 60 GW of wind
 1st Wind Day - organised by - EWEA in 2007.
 1.4 GW of wind energy - installed in 2021
 Target of installing 5 GW - offshore capacity - by 2022 and - 30 GW - by 2030.
 India currently - 13.4 GW of prospective projects in wind energy.
 India have - 7,516.6 km coastline.
 Tamil Nadu - largest producer - wind energy - 9,075MW in 2019.
 New installations of 93.6 GW in 2021 brought global cumulative wind energy
capacity to 837 GW, a Year-on-Year (YoY) growth of 12%.
 onshore wind market added 72.5 GW worldwide. That is 18% lower than the previous
year due to a slowdown in China and the US, the world’s two largest wind markets.
World Refugee Day – June 20
 Theme 2022 - Whoever, Whatever, Whenever.
 Why - to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Convention Relating to the
Status of Refugees.
 UN General Assembly decided - June 20 - World Refugee Day - on December 4,
2000.
 1st World Refugee Day - June 20, 2001.
 Turkey - largest number of refugees - 3.8 million people.
 What does seeking safety mean?
 Right to seek asylum
 Safe access
 No pushbacks
 No discrimination
 Humane treatment
International Olympic Day – June 23
 Theme 2022 - Together for a peaceful world.
 1st International Olympic Day - celebrated on - June 23, 1948.
 Baron Pierre de Coubertin - founder - Modern Olympic Games.
 Olympic motto “Citius, Altius, Fortius” (“Faster, Higher, Stronger”) - by Father Henri
Didon - adopted by IOC in 1894.
 Colour and Country - Africa (yellow), Americas (red), Asia (green), Europe (black),
and Oceania (blue).
 6 grams of pure gold – used in a medal.
 2008 - Abhinav Bindra – 1st Indian individual Olympic gold medal winner.
 India - 10 gold medals – Olympics.
National Statistics Day – June 29
 Why – to honour the work and contribution of late Professor and Scientist Prasanta
Chandra Mahalanobis in the field of Statistics and economic planning.
 Aim – To popularise the use of statistics in everyday life and sensitise the public as to
how statistics help in shaping and framing policies.
  Theme 2022 – Data for Sustainable Development.
 Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis - world-renowned Indian statistician who founded the
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) - 1932.
 Served – India 1st – Planning Commission.
 1933 - Launched ‘Sankhya: The Indian Journal of Statistics’.
 1968 - Honoured with the Padma Vibhushan.
International Asteroid Day – June 30
 Why - to raise public awareness about the asteroid impact hazard and to inform the
public about the crisis communication actions to be taken at the global level in case of
a credible near-Earth object threat.
 Theme 2022 - Small is beautiful.
 December 2016 - UN General Assembly - adopted - 30 June International Asteroid
Day - to "observe each year at the international level the anniversary of the Tunguska
impact over Siberia, Russian Federation, on 30 June 1908, and to raise public
awareness about the asteroid impact hazard."

July
World Population Day – July 11
 1st marked - 11 July 1990 - more than 90 countries.
 Why - to focus attention on the urgency and importance of population issues.
 Theme 2022 - a universe of 8 billion which expects a strong future for all
guaranteeing freedom and decisions for all.
World Day for International Justice – July 17
 Theme 2022 - Achieving Social Justice through Formal Employment.
 Why - To commemorate the organisations that work for bringing justice to the victims
of international criminal acts. It also commemorates the establishment of modern
court systems in the world.
 July 17, 1998 - 120 countries - sign a treaty titled Rome Statute - of International
Criminal Court.
 International Criminal Court (ICC) - came into force - July 1, 2002.
 To celebrate the signing of the Rome Statute, World Day for International Justice has
been celebrated every year ever since.
World Nature Conservation Day – July 28
 Theme 2022 - Cut Down on Plastic.
 Why - To create awareness about the importance of natural resources and the
conservation around them.
 The motto behind observing July 28 as World Nature Conservation Day is to create
awareness about the importance of conserving nature.
 1st time – unknown.
International Tiger Day – July 29
  Why - To make people aware of the dangers and problems faced by tigers around the
globe.
 Theme 2022 - India launches Project Tiger to revive the tiger population.
 International Tiger Day - founded in 2010 at - Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit –
Russia.
 Largest Tiger Resrve in India - Nagarjunsagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra
Pradesh.
 Smallest - Bor tiger reserve in Maharashtra(India).
 India is home to over 70 % of the global tiger population.
 Oldest - Corbett National Park – Established in 1936(India).
 World's Largest Tiger Reserve in the Hukaung Valley.

August
International Youth Day – August 12
 Theme 2022 - Intergenerational Solidarity: Creating a World for All Ages.
 Aim - To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the world needs to
leverage the full potential of all generations.
 1998 - 12 August - International Youth Day - adopted by – 1st session - World
Conference of Ministers Responsible for Youth.
World Humanitarian Day – August 19
 Theme 2022 - It takes a village.
 Why - Commemorates the anniversary of the bombing of the United Nations
headquarters in Iraq.
 Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize - world's largest annual humanitarian award
presented to a nonprofit organization.
 19 August 2003 - bomb attack on - Canal Hotel in Baghdad – Iraq - killed 22
humanitarian aid workers - including the UN Special Representative of the Secretary-
General for Iraq, Sergio Vieira de Mello.
 Five years later, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution
designating 19 August as World Humanitarian Day (WHD).
International Day against Nuclear Tests – August 29
 2 December 2009 - 64th session - United Nations General Assembly - 29 August -
International Day against Nuclear Tests.
 185 countries have signed the treaty and 170 have ratified it.
 The event urges world governments to end nuclear proliferation and put a stop to such
tests.
 Resolution - initiated by - Kazakhstan - mark 18th anniversary of - closing of the
USSR- controlled Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in 1991 at Kazakhstan.
 1st - International Day against Nuclear Tests - commemorated - 29 August, 2010.
 United States Army conducted - 1st nuclear test – Trinity - in desert site of New
Mexico - July 16, 1945.
  This resulted in atom bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II, which
led to more than 200,000 casualties and the survivors suffered from cancers due to
radiation.
 Nuclear tests - USA and USSR - Cold War that continued till 1991.
 About 2000 nuclear test explosions were conducted between 1945 and 1996.
 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) – created - by UNGA - 1996 to
curb the development of new nuclear weapons and the improvement of existing
nuclear weapon designs. It was signed and ratified by 170 nations.
National Sports Day – August 29
 1st observed - 2012 - a tribute - Major Dhyanchand - Born on August 29, 1905 - Major
Dhyanchand.
 Major Dhyanchand played - India’s gold medal victory - at Olympics three
consecutive times – 1928, 1932, and 1936.
 He was awarded - Padma Bhushan - third-highest civilian award in 1956.
 1979 - Indian Postal Department issued special stamps to honour the magician of
hockey.
 Theme 2022 - Sports as an enabler for an inclusive and fit society.

September
World Clean Air Day – September 7
 Why - On this International Day of Clean Air for blue skies, on 7 September,
WHO/Europe recognizes the value of “the air we share” and the need for a concerted
cooperative effort to tackle the persisting burden of air pollution that is driving
climate change and damaging people’s health.
 Targets for 6 pollutants: PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀, ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur
dioxide (SO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO).
 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled - The future we
want - countries committed to promoting sustainable development policies.
 Theme 2022 - The Air We Share.
 Finland - cleanest air in the world.
 Bangladesh – most toxic country.
International Literacy Day – September 8
 Theme 2022 - Transforming Literacy Learning Spaces.
 Why - to remind the public of the importance of literacy as a matter of dignity and
human rights, and to advance the literacy agenda towards a more literate and
sustainable society.
 UNESCO - October 26, 1966 - 14th session.
 1st Time – 1967.
International Day of Democracy – September 15
 According to UNESCO, 85 percent of the worlds population has experienced a
decline in press freedom in their country in the past five years.
  International Day of Democracy - established - 2007.
 Why - provides an opportunity to review the state of democracy in the world.
 Theme 2022 - The importance of media freedom to democracy, peace, and delivering
on the Sustainable Development Goals.
International Day of Peace – September 21
 SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions.
 Why - To strengthening the ideals of peace, through observing 24 hours of non-
violence and cease-fire.
 International Day of Peace - established - UN General Assembly - 1981.
 General Assembly unanimously – 2001 - voted to designate the day as a period of
non-violence and cease-fire.
 2022 Theme - End racism. Build peace.
World Rose Day or the Day for Welfare of Cancer patients – September 22
 Why - Dedicated to individuals suffering from cancer across the globe, the day is
observed in remembrance of 12-year-old cancer patient Melinda Rose from Canada,
who died from the disease in 1996.
 To bring happiness and hope into the lives of such patients and reminds them that
they can come out victorious in their battle against cancer through determination and
positivity.
World Day of Migrants and Refugees – September 26
 Why - To mark the anniversary of the 1990 adoption by UNGA of the International
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of
Their Families
 The day, celebrated on Sept. 25 - will be the 108th celebration of the day, which was
started in 1914 as a way to highlight and express concerns for vulnerable populations
of people who have left their homes in search of safety and more opportunity.
 Theme 2022 - Building the Future with Migrants and Refugees.
World Tourism Day – September 27’
 Theme 2022 - Rethinking Tourism: From Crisis to Transformation.
 World Tourism Day - since 1980.
 The date marks the anniversary of the adoption of the Statutes of the Organization in
1970, paving the way for the establishment of UNWTO five years later.
 World Tourism Day 2022 - Bali, Indonesia.
World Maritime Day – September 29
 Why - To recognise the importance of the maritime industry.
 Theme 2022 - New technologies for greener shipping.
 World Maritime Day Parallel Event (WMDPE) – held - Durban, South Africa - from
12 to 14 October 2022.
 SDG – 9, 13, 14, 17.
 Documents –
 The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code
  SOLAS Convention
 Reports of the Secretary-General on Oceans and the law of the sea.
 World Maritime Day – 1st Time - March 17, 1978.
 Aim - The day focuses on drawing public attention to maritime safety and the marine
environment.
` October
International Day of Non-Violence – October 2
 International Day of Non-Violence – observed – 2 October – Bbirthday of Mahatma
Gandhi.
 Mahatma Gandhi – leader of the Indian independence movement and pioneer of the
philosophy and strategy of non-violence.
 General Assembly – 15 June 2007 – Established the commemoration, the
International Day is an occasion to "disseminate the message of non-violence,
including through education and public awareness"
 Theme 2022 –
World Animal Day – October 4
 Why – To raise the status of animals in order to improve welfare standards around the
globe.
 Theme 2022 – Shared Planet.
 World Animal Day – originated by – Heinrich Zimmermann – 1st World Animal Day
on March 24, 1925.
 1931 – International Animal Protection Congress – Florence, Italy – adopted –World
Animal Day.
World Habitat Day – October 4
 Theme 2022 – Mind the Gap. Leave No One and Place Behind.
 Country – Balikesir, Türkiye.
 1st Time – 1986 – Theme – Shelter is My Right – Nairobi – host city that year.
 Why – To reflect on our towns, cities, and the basic right of all to have adequate
shelter.
Indian Air Force Day – October 8
 Theme 2022 – Transforming for the Future.
 90th Celebration Year.
 Observed – Chandigarh Air Force Station and consists of a parade and flyover.
 Indian Air Force – established – 1932 - during World War II.
 IAF – Also known – Bharatiya Vayu Sena.
 1945 – King George VI – prefix Royal – recognition of the IAF's accomplishments.
After India became a republic in 1950, this honorary title was abolished.
 After the independence of the nation, it evolved into the Indian Air Force in 1950.
 President of India – Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
 4th largest – Air Force in the world.
 Headquarters – New Delhi
  Motto of India Air Force – Touch the sky with Glory.It was taken from the eleventh
chapter of the Bhagavad Gita.
 The Chief of Air Staff, an air chief marshal is responsible for the operational
command of the air force.
 Air Force employs – 170,000 personnel – 1,400 aircraft.
Disaster Day – October 13
 International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction – started – 1989 – by UN General
Assembly.
 Why – To promote a global culture of risk-awareness and disaster reduction.
 Theme 2022 –
 2022 Target – Target G – “Substantially increase the availability of and access to
multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to
people by 2030”.
World student’s Day – October 15
 Why – To acknowledge the efforts of Kalam towards students and education. Kalam
is fondly remembered as "People's President," and his birthday is commemorated as
Students' Day.
 Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam – born – 15th October – 1931 – in
Rameswaram, India – 11th President of India on 18th July 2002.
 Theme 2022 –
 UN declared 15th October– his birthday as the World Students' Day in 2010.
 It was also symbolized as an enabler of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development.
World Food Day – October 16
 Established – UNFAO – 16th October 1945.
 Aim – to defeat hunger.
 2020 Nobel Peace Prize – World Food Programme.
 India PM – released a commemorative coin of Rs. 75 denomination to mark the 75th
Anniversary of the FAO.(2020)
 Theme 2020 – Grow, Nourish, Sustain. Together.
 Emphasises SDG 2 – Zero Hunger.
 Theme 2022 –
 India is lagging behind in achieving the expected results of “malnutrition free India”
by 2022, envisaged under the National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyaan).
 FAO supported India's proposal to declare 2023 as the International Year of Millets.
 2021 – 1st Food Systems Summit.
 World needs sustainable agri-food systems that are capable of nourishing 10 billion
people by 2050.
World Statistics Day – October 20
 Why - To support national efforts in building and strengthening national statistical
capacity.
 Theme 2022 –
  41st Session – February 2010 – UN Statistical Commission – proposed celebrating 20
October 2010 as World Statistics Day.
 3 June 2010 – 1st Time Celebrated.
 Theme 2010 – Celebrating the many achievements of official statistics.
 20 October 2015 - 2nd Time.
 Theme 2015 - Better data, better lives.
 20 October 2020 – 3rd Time.
 Theme 2020 - Connecting the world with data we can trust.
 World Statistics Day - every five years on 20 October.
United Nations Day – October 24
 24 October 1945 – Started.
 Headquarters – New York
 The name "United Nations" was coined by United States President Franklin
D.Roosevelt.
 The main organs of the UN are:
 the General Assembly,
 the Security Council,
 the Economic and Social Council,
 the Trusteeship Council,
 the International Court of Justice,
 the UN Secretariat.
 75 Anniversary – 2020.
 Forerunner of UN - League of Nations - established – 1919 – in Treaty of Versailles.
World Development Information Day – October 24
 1972 - UN General Assembly – institute - World Development Information Day.
 1st Time – 1973.
 Why - to draw the attention of the world to development problems and the need to
strengthen international cooperation to solve them.
 Theme 2022 -

World Polio Day – October 24
 Theme 2022 – Vaccines work for all.
 Why - To raise awareness for polio vaccination and eradication of polio and to
commemorate the birthday of Jonas Salk.
 Polio is caused by an RNA virus.
 Organisation monitoring the Disease Control - Global Polio Eradication Initiative
(GPEI), led by national governments and the World Health Organisation (WHO).
 The last case due to wild poliovirus in the country was detected on 13th January 2011.
 India was declared polio-free in January 2014.
 Afghanistan and Pakistan are the two countries that are the last stronghold of the wild
poliovirus.
 Jonas Salk - 1st person - led - 1st team to develop the Inactivated (killed) Polio Vaccine
(IPV) - The day was started by Rotary International.
National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas) – October 31
 Why - To honour the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
 National Unity Day 2022 will mark 147th anniversary of Patel.
 Born - 31st October 1875 - Nadiad village, Gujarat.
 Known as - iron man of India.
 He played a significant role in India’s Freedom Struggle.
 1st deputy prime minister and home minister.
 He was given the title of ‘Sardar’ by Mahatma Gandhi and was called ‘Sardar’ by
women of Bardoli when he led Bardoli Satyagraha.
 Founder of modern All India Services.
 He presided over the Indian National Congress (INC) Session of Karachi in 1931.
 PM Modi inaugurated - Statue of Unity of Patel – on unity day of India - 31st October
2018 - 182m.

November
World Tsunami Day – NOVEMBER 5
 Theme 2022 –
 Causes of tsunamis –
 Earthquakes
 Landslides
 Volcanic eruptions
 Extraterrestrial collisions
 The selection of Nov. 5 for the annual World Tsunami Day was inspired by the
Japanese anecdote, “Fire of Rice Sheaves ." In the story, Goryo Hamaguchi saved
numerous villagers from the Ansei-Nankai Tsunami on Nov. 5, 1854.
 1st Time – 2015.
 Largest - Lituya Bay – Alaska – July 9, 1958 – 1700 feet.
 The UN General Assembly has tasked the UN office for Disaster Risk Reduction
(UNISDR) to facilitate the observance of World Tsunami Awareness Day in
collaboration with the rest of the United Nations system.
National Education Day – November 11
 Why - To commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - 1st Education Minister - Independent India - from 15
August 1947 to 2 February 1958.
 Theme 2022 –
 1st Time – 2008.
National Law Day – November 26
 Why - To commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India.
 26 November 1949 – Constituent Assembly of India – adopted – Constitution of
India.
 Came into effect – 26 January 1950.
  Foundation stone – Ambedkar memorial at – Indu Mills – Mumbai – October 2015.
 The Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi announced that 26 November will be
celebrated as "Constitution Day".
 2015 - 125th Birthday – B. R. Ambedkar – (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956) –
father of the Indian constitution.
 Government decided – May 2015 to celebrate this year "in a big way".
 Also known - Samvidhan Divas, Constitution Day.

December
World AIDS Day – December 1
World Pollution Prevention Day – December 2
International Cheetah Day – December 4
Flag Day of India – December 7
International Anti-Corruption Day – December 9
Human Rights Day – December 10
Nobel Prize Day – December 10
UNICEF Birthday – December 11
International Day of Neutrality – December 12
National Energy Conservation Day – December 14
Wright Brother's Day – December 17
International Migrants Day – December 18