1.

Subjunctive mood
2. Would rather/ Would

Subjunctive
sooner/ Would prefer/ Prefer
3. As if, as though
4. Wish sentence
5. Conditional sentence

Would rather/ sooner, Would prefer, Prefer

I. Would rather, would sooner:

ONE SUBJECT TWO SUBJECTS

 What do you want to do?  What do I want someone to do?
 Desires are divided into 3 tenses:  Desires are divided into 3 tenses:
Present, Future, Past. Present, Future, Past.
1. Present & Future: 1. Desire is not real in the present:

(+) S + would rather + V(inf) (+) S1 + would rather that + S2 +

 Jim would rather go to class (tomorrow/
now)
(-) S + would rather not + V(inf)
VPII/ were
 Claire would rather that her mom bought
a new dress for her.
(infact, her mom doesn’t buy for her a dress)

 Teacher would rather I done all

 Jim would rather not go to school homework.
(tomorrow/ now)
Comparative form:
S2 is a subject. NOT an
S + would rather + V(inf)(1) than object.
V(inf)(2) I ≠ me
Ex: Teacher would rather
 What do you want to do more? me  I done all homework.
 I would rather use laptop than write
down the note.
Would rather, would sooner, prefer, would prefer
2. Past:
(+)S1+would rather +have
+VPII/V_ed
 I would rather have drink some alcohol
yesterday.
 She’d sooner have quit her job 2 months
ago.
(-) S1 + would rather + not +
have +VPII
 I would rather not have caught a fever
yesterday.
 He would sooner not have gone to the
police station because of the accident last 3. Desire is in the future:
night.
Comparative form:
S1 + would rather + have
VPII+ than + (have) + VPII
 My mom rather have slept than have
been in traffic jam.
 Claire would sooner have eaten fewer
calories than have done exercise.
2
(-) S1 + would rather that + S2 +
didn’t V(inf)/ were not
 I would rather my parents didn’t work
too hard.
2. Desire is not real in the past:
(+) S1 + would rather that + S2 +
had VPII + (yesterday/last…)
 I would rather it had been great
yesterday ( then I could have gone on a
picnic).
 She would sooner her husband had done
all the housework before.
(-) S1 + would rather that + S2 +
hadn’t VPII
 She would rather Julia hadn’t gone to
school late.
 In fact, Julia went to school late.
(+) S1 + would rather that + S2 +
V(inf)+ tomorrow
 I’d rather my mother buy me a new
laptop next month.
(-) S1 + would rather that + S2 +
not + V(inf)
 He would sooner I not miss the train at 6
o’clock tomorrow.
Would rather, would sooner, prefer, would prefer

II. Prefer:

ONE SUBJECT TWO SUBJECTS

 What do you want to do?
 Desires are divided into 3 tenses:
Present, Future, Past.
(+) S1 + prefer + to V/ V-ing
Since "prefer" is a common V,
"prefer" is divided according to
the tense and to subject 1.
 What do I want someone to do?
 Desires are divided into 3 tenses:
Present, Future, Past.
 For this part, just insert sb after prefer.
Examples:
 My mother prefers me to clean all the
house.
 I prefer my brother to help me cleaning
the house.
 The teacher preferred me to pảtivipate in
a mathematics competition.

 Julia prefers to read/ reading books.

= Julia would rather read books.


(-) S1 + don’t/doesn’t prefer +

to V/ V-ing

 Julia doesn’t prefer to watch/ watching

TV tonight.
= Julia would sooner not watch TV tonight.

Comparative form:

S + prefer + Ving(1) O1 to Ving(2) O2

to V1 O1 rather than (V2) O2

 He prefers reading novel to watching film.

= He prefers to read novel rather than watch film.
= He prefers to read novel instead of watching film. S prefer st(A) to st(B)
 I prefer eating cupcake to (eating) candy. st rather than st
= I prefer to eat cupcake rather than (eat) candy.
= I prefer cupcake to/rather than candy.
3
Would rather, would sooner, prefer, would prefer

III. Would prefer:

ONE SUBJECT TWO SUBJECTS

4
Would rather, would sooner, prefer, would prefer