DIVISION OF GEN.

TRIAS CITY
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GENERAL CHEMITRY 2

WORKSHEET 12: ACID AND BASES

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Define Bronsted acids and bases
Discuss the acid-base property of water
Calculate pH from the concentration of hydrogen ion or hydroxide ions in aqueous
solutions

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Differentiate acid from bases;
2. Explain the acid-based property of water;
3. Calculate pH from the concentration of hydrogen ion or hydroxide ions in
aqueous solutions
4. Recognize some of the important application of acid and bases on our daily
life.

BACKGROUND

Bronsted Acids And Bases

Brønsted acid as a substance capable of donating a proton,
Brønsted base as a substance that can accept a proton.
Conjugate acid-base pair - which can be defined as an acid and its conjugate
base or a base and its conjugate acid.
Conjugate base of a Brønsted acid is the species that remains when one proton
has been removed from the acid.
Conjugate acid results from the addition of a proton to a Brønsted base

Every Bronsted acid has a conjugate base and every Bronsted base has a conjugate
acid.
Acid 1+ Base 1 ⟶ Acid 2+ Base 2

 Base2 is the conjugate base of Acid1

 Acid2 is a conjugate acid of Base1
−¿¿
+¿+ Cl ¿
Example: HCl+ H 2 O⟶ H 3 O
The chloride ion ¿ is the conjugate based formed from the acid HCl, and
+¿¿
H 3 O (hydronium ion) is the conjugate acid of the base H 2 O.

The Acid-Base Properties of Water

Water is known as a unique solvent because it has the ability to act either as
acid or a base. Water is a very weak electrolyte and therefore a poor conductor of
electricity,
but it does undergo ionization to a small extent:
−¿(aq) ¿

H 2 O ( l ) ⇌ H +¿ (aq )+OH ¿ - this reaction is sometimes called

autoionization of water
which can also be expressed as

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or

The Ion Product of Water

In the study of acid-base reactions, the hydrogen ion concentration is key; its
value
indicates the acidity or basicity of the solution.
The equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water is written as:
K c =¿ or K c =¿
To indicate that the equilibrium constant refers to the autoionization of water, we
replace Kc by Kw
K w =¿
where Kw is called the ion-product constant, which is the product of the molar
concentrations of ¿ions at a particular temperature
In pure water at 25°C, the concentration of ¿ are equal and found to be ¿.
Therefore,

K w =[1 x 10¿¿−7] [ 1 x 10−7 ]=1 x 10−14 ¿

Whether we have pure water or an aqueous solution of dissolved species, the following
relation always holds at 25°C:
K w =¿

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
−¿¿
The concentration of OH ions in a certain household ammonia cleaning
+¿¿
solution is 0.0025 M. Calculate the concentration of H ions.

Solution:

Kw
+¿= ¿
¿¿
H

CALCULATING pH
The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion
concentration (in mol/L):

pH=−log ¿

Because pH is simply a way to express hydrogen ion concentration, acidic and

basic solutions at 25°C can be distinguished by their pH values, as follows:

Acidic solutions :¿
Basic solutions:¿
Neutral solutions :¿

When pH is given ¿ ion concentration can be calculated, as follows:

¿

Calculating pOH value of a solution

pOH =−log ¿

When pOH is given ¿ ion concentration can be calculated, as follows:

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From the definitions of pH and pOH we obtain

pH + pOH=14.00

Sample Problem 1:
The pH of a certain orange juice is 3.33. Calculate the ¿ ion concentration .

Solution:
pH=−log ¿

log ¿

Sample Problem 2:
In a NaOH solution ¿. Calculate the pH of the solution.

Solution:
Calculate first the pOH since the solution is basic:
pOH =−log ¿
pOH =−log [ 2.9 x 10−4 ] =3.54

Then calculate the pH using the formula: pH + pOH=14.00

pH + pOH=14.00
pH=14.00−pOH
pH=14.00−3.53=10.46
Check: The answer shows that the solution is basic (pH > 7), which is consistent with
a NaOH solution.

ACTIVITY NO. 15: Importance of pH Scale (Group Activity)

Performance Task : Make a poster or a brochure showing the importance of pH
scale. Draw your poster/brochure using CANVA apps or any web base application.
Giving emphasis on the topic and content of the poster or brochure.

Submit your output thru google classroom.

The output will be evaluated using the rubrics below:

1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20

Chemistry Incorrect Some concepts Substantial Many concepts
Content or little are accurate, concept and with clear
concept included some details descriptions and
details examples
Organization Unclear Not organized Well organized, Flows nicely Easy
enough clearly to follow even
presented without assistance
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Creativity Little to no Simple design, Attractive and Outstanding

layout or but not engaging invites the visual appeal
design reader

ASSESSMENT

Direction. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. For items involving
calculation show your solution and box the final answer.

I. Calculate pH from the following hydrogen ion concentration (M). Identify each as
an acidic pH or a basic pH.

Hydrogen Ion Concentration pH Basic/Acidic

1) 0.0015
2) 5.0 x 10−9
3) 5.63 x 10−9
4) 3.67 x 10−6
5) 3.25 x 10−4

II. Show complete solution for the following problems. Box your final answer.
+¿¿ −¿¿
1. If the H concentration is 0.00001 M, what is the OH concentration?
+¿¿
2. If the H concentration is 0.00005 M, what is the pH ?
3. If the pH is 4.5, what is the pOH?

References
Brown, T.L et al. 2012. Chemistry: A Central Science. 12th Ed. Prentice Hall
(USA).425-438

Chang, Raymond. Chemistry 10th Ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York. 2010.

Teaching Guide for Senior High School. General Chemistry 2. 2016.

Zumdahl Steven S., S. A. (2016). Chemistry. Boston, USA: Cengage Learning.

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