KOREAN ARCHITECTURE

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Pine solid but not too rigid wood
Red Pine valued the most and used in palaces and temples
Soil, Wood and Stone basic materials for building hanok
1. Heated floor room (ondol)
2 contrasting floor structures:
2. Wooden floor hall (maru)
Heated Floor Room (ondol) during winter and autumn
Wooden Floor Hall (Maru) during summer and spring
the polytheistic and animistic ethnic religion of Korea which dates
Shamanism back to prehistory and consists of the worship of gods and ances-
tors as well as nature spirits.
introduced from China during the 1st century; exercised a pro-
Confucianism
found influence on every facet of Korean life
thought to be the earliest state philosophy for the Korean people
Taoism
spanning several thousand years
an area with mountains surrounding it and protecting it from the
winds, with four godly animal protectors on guard in all directions,
Ideal Location
(a turtle- shaped mountain to the back, a bird shape to the front,
a dragon to the left, and a tiger to the right)
avoidance of man- made construction that disrupted the natural
Topography
contour of the terrain. (Dictated by Taoism)
contained basic features such as hearths, storage pits, and space
Pit Houses
for working and sleeping.
The Three Kingdoms Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla
The largest kingdom among the Three Kingdoms
Goguryeo
Renowned for its mountain fortresses built horizontally and verti-
cally along the incline of slopes
One of the well-preserved Goguryeo fortresses
Baekam Fortress (Manchuria)
historically was a art of current and present day China and Russia
(Nasa border or boudary)
Once the Goguryeo capital
Pyongyang
The CAPITAL OF NORTH KOREA
Art and architecture of this kingdom are generally considered the
Baekje
finest of the three Kingdoms
characteristic of baekje architecture use of curvilinear designs
Mireuksa Temple (Iksan, 602 CE) The largest Buddhist temple in Baekje
largest and earliest stone pagoda
Stone Pagoda of the Mireuksa Temple
had an unusual arrangement of three pagodas erected
secret behind the durability of stone pagodas thin layers of soil between the stone blocks (or yung grout)
Gravel Innovation that was introduced in Korean Architecture
The last of the three kingdoms to develop into a full-fledged
Silla
kingdom
Located in Gyeongju, the Silla capital
Cheomseongdae Observatory (Gyeongju, 632-647 CE)
The first stone observatory in Asia and the oldest surviving obser-
vatory in East Asia.
The capital of Gyeongju became even more splendid in this period
and is described in the Samgungnyusa collection of texts as
Unified Silla Kingdom
having an astonishing 35 palaces, 55 streets, 1,360 districts, and
178,936 houses.

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characterized by two pagodas in front of the central main hall in a
plans of Buddhist temples
symmetrical layout on the north-south axis with other buildings.
Also known as the Temple of the Buddha Land •
Bulguksa Tempple (Gyeongju, 8th Century CE)
The oldest existing temple in Korea
Simpler and located to the left of the court.

Seokgatap (terrestrial) Consists of simple undecorated pedestal slabs and three-story

stupa each of which has five stepped eaves and truncated roofs,
a typical form of Korean stone pagodas.
Located to the right of the court. •
Dabotap
Symbolizes Buddha as an identity (higher being)
The "golden age of Buddhism" in Korea

Most of the architecture in this period was related to religion and

* Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392 CE) - Korean Architecture
influenced by political power or kingdom. Many buildings such
as magnificent Buddhist temples and pagodas were developed
based on religious needs.
gaesong capital of the Goryeo dynasty.
Neo-Confucianism (Inspired then innovated something new and
Joseon Architecture (1392-1897 CE) applied to a new environment) - slowly percolated into Korea from
China during the 14th century.
Main royal palace of the Joseon Dynasty
Changdeokgung Palace (Seoul, 1395)
Largest of the "Five Grand Palaces" built by the kings of the
Joseon Dynasty
Korean geomancy (feng shui in Chinese). The topography was
Pungsu considered an important factor which could influence the design
of a building so that it blended into its local surroundings.
a principle where a site is backed by mountains to block the wind
Baesan Imsu and opens onto a wide plain with a river running through it
- considered as the best possible location.
Nature considered as the most fundamental influence of architecture
Darker shades of red, green, blue compared to vibrant shades in
Traditional Korean Architecture Chinese Architecture because it is linked to nature leaning more
to neutral colors
the sharply curving Chinese roof was modified in Korea into a
gently sloping roof. Sharp angles, strong lines, steep planes, and
Simplicity, economy of shape and avoidance of extremes
garish colors are all avoided. It typically exhibits a quiet inner
harmony.
ower compared to China and Japan and the interior volume is
Height of traditional buildings
smaller.
Structures seen as very strong horizontally rather than vertically
a traditional unit of measurement used in Korean architecture still
Kan found in use today primarily to describe palaces, Buddhist temples
and shrines, and Confucian school buildings, from the Joseon era.
1. Raised Stone Platform
Ancient Korean architecture can be summarized as comprising 2. Wooden Post and Lintel Structure/Walls 3.Tiled Roof with Dis-
tinctively Upturned Eaves
not set directly on the ground but on large stones gathered locally
Columns are distinct (after ngl di muna yung post/column may large stones muna or
boulders)
The process where the stones were not cut, rather, the bot tom of
Deombeong Jucho
the wooden column was carved to fit exactly over the rough stone.
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An art where columns were purposely made thinner at the base,
thicker in the middle and taller at the corners of the building to
Baeheullim
make them appear truly straight from a distance, as in ancient
Greek architecture
The application of a convex curve to a surface for aesthetic and
Entasis
technical purposes (Parthenon, Athens)
Typically,high-pitched to allow easy drainage of rainwater, which
Roofs
can be heavy in the monsoon season
Hanok A traditional Korean private home
higher open ceilings
Maru/Daecheong
The most important space in the house where the activities are
located (similar to a living room in the modern time)
Toenmaru type of maru which is a narrow wooden veranda
Has lower ceilings usually made of paper

A system in which heat produced at the fireplace in the kitchen

Ondol/Gudeul
travelled through the sub-floor flue and warmed the stone under-
neath the floor. The thick, tough oiled paper covering the floor is
not only beautiful but also provided some insulation.
• A traditional Private House similar to Hanok but the difference
Choga
with the status symbol living inside
main building materials used in Choga straw, wood, and soil.
Most notable variation or type of choga in Jeju Island
Chojip
Designed to withstand the constant extreme winds of the island
and one built in shorter height
Jaesil clan memorial halls
Jongryo memorial shrines
Hyanggyo local school
Seowon private confucian academy
Anchae/Anbang Women's quarter
Sarangchae men's quarter
Sarangbang men's room for studying
Sadang family shrine
Byeoldang annex/ for upper class families
Chodang unmarried daughters
Seodang study area for unmarried boys
Haengrang servant's quarter
Daemungan front gate
Jungmungan middle gate
Banbitgan kitchen and storage space

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