REVIEW OF SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE SPECTRA OF NANO-

SIZED SEMICONDUCTOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN

HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS

Name of the Student

Registration No.

Name of the Supervisor

Department of Physics
Faculty of Physics
UNIVERSITY OF SAHIWAL
2020-2024
REVIEW OF SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE SPECTRA OF NANO-
SIZED SEMICONDUCTOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN
HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS

Name of the Student

Approved By

Supervisor

Chairperson
 Author’s Declaration
I hereby state that my Master of Sciences thesis
titled
is my own work and has not been submitted previously for taking any degree from
this university or anywhere else in the country/world.
At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my Graduation the University has
the right to withdraw my Master of Sciences degree.

Name of Student:
Roll No.
Registration No.
Date:
 Abstract
The purpose of the Abstract page is to present the study results briefly (maximum one

page) in a way that allows the readers to get a clear idea of the contents and to decide

whether to read the entire thesis. Nothing else is written on the Abstract page.

Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Stress, Job Performance

Acknowledgements
 List of Contents

Title Page.............................................................................................................................i-ii

Author Declaration...............................................................................................................iii

Abstract….............................................................................................................................iv

Acknowledgements................................................................................................................v

List of Contents.....................................................................................................................vi

List of Tables.......................................................................................................................vii

List of Figures.....................................................................................................................viii

Chapter 1: Introduction..........................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Research Objective........................................................................................2
1.3 Contribution of Study....................................................................................3

Chapter 2: Review of Literature............................................................................................5

Chapter 3: Research Methodology.........................................................................................9
3.1 Research Design.............................................................................................9
3.2 Population and Sample.................................................................................12
Chapter 4: Results.................................................................................................................13
4.1 Analysis.........................................................................................................14
Chapter 5: Discussion............................................................................................................14
5.1 Discussion of Results
5.2 Implications....................................................................................................15
5.2 Theoretical Implications…............................................................................16
5.3 Practical Implications….................................................................................17
5.4 Limitations and Suggestions….......................................................................18

References..............................................................................................................................19
 List of Tables

Table 1.1 Quality Concerns and Higher Education ............................................. 10

Table 2.1 Technical Education and its Importance ............................................. 12

Table 3.1 Basic Sciences and Social Sciences...............................................................28

 List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Quality Concern and Higher Education.....................................10

Figure 1.2 Technical Education and its Importance...................................10

 1

Chapter 1
Introduction

1.1 Semiconductor
 2

Chapter 2
Review of
Literature
 3

Chapter 3
Research Methodology

3.1 Material Required

 4

Chapter 4

Results
4.1 Analysis
 5

Chapter 5
Discussion
 6

Reference
 7
FORMAT OF Thesis (BS )
Given below is an outline for synopsis writing. It provides guidelines for organization and
presentation of research in the form of research proposal as well as organization of material
within each section. For overall format guidelines please follow APA 7th edition or any other but
stay consistent. The organization of the structure within chapters may vary faculty-wise.

Overall Thesis Organization

1. Title Page
As per Template
2. List of Contents
As per Template
3. Abstract (150-200 words)
(Abstract in First letter capital, Font size 14, TNR bold and centralized)
(Body of the text TNR 12, 1.5-line spacing)
 The objective of the study
 Purpose
 Brief Materials and Methods/methodology/Procedure/techniques
 Statistical approach
4. Introduction
(Introduction in First letter capital, Font size 14, TNR, bold and centralized)
(Body of the text TNR 12, 1.5-line spacing)
 Statement of the Problem
 Significance / Rational of the Study
 Objectives of the Study
 Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
 Hypotheses / Research questions
5. Literature Review
(Body of the text TNR 12, 1.5-line spacing)
 It mainly consists of review of underpinning theories and existing
relevant updated research.
 Subsections can be included based on the nature of your work.
 Presents relationships between different specific constructs the researcher wants
to study i.e. specify the relationships between and among variables.
 Correlates and predictors of outcome variable identified in research.
 May consist of a combination of mathematical, graphical, and/or diagrammatical
presentations.
 Provide an overview of Indigenous Research i.e. overview of relevant
research done in Pakistan.
 Given in the reference list (not missing in bibliography/Literature cited).
 Review may be under different parameters subheadings or in chronological order.
 (Only one should be observed in the whole document).
 Preferably the review of literature updated with recent research e.g., last 5 years.
 8

6. Methodology
(Body of the text TNR 12, 1.5-line spacing and justified)

 Research Design
 Sample/Participants
 Data Collection Techniques / Assessment Measures
 Procedure
 Ethical Considerations: Consent/access/and participants’ protection
 Analyses
 Limitations & Delimitations (if Applicable)
7. Results
8. Discussion
 Theoretical and Practical Implications
 Limitations and Suggestions
 Conclusion
9. List of References:
(Examples)

Books:
Barnet, S., Bellanca, P., & Stubbs, M. (2013). A short guide to college writing. Pearson
Education.
Individual Chapters:
Martin, A. (2006). Literacies for the digital age. In A. Martin & D. Madigan
(Eds.), Digital literacies for learning (pp. 3-25). Facet.

Journal Article:
Caron, T. (2008). Teaching writing as a con-artist: When is a writing problem
not? College Teaching, 56(3), 137-139. https://doi.org/10.3200/CTCH.56.3.137-
139
Cismas, S. C. (2010). Educating academic writing skills in engineering. In P. Dondon &
O. Martin (Eds.), Latest trends on engineering education (pp. 225-247). WSEAS
Press.
Paper published in conference proceedings, book form:
Morgan, R., Meldrum, K., Bryan, S., Mathiesen, B., Yakob, N., Esa, N., & Ziden, A. A.
(2017). Embedding digital literacies in curricula: Australian and Malaysian
 9

experiences. In G. B. Teh & S. C. Choy (Eds.), Empowering 21st century learners

through holistic and enterprising learning: Selected papers from Tunku Abdul
Rahman University College International Conference 2016 (pp. 11-19).
Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4241-6_2
Paper published in conference proceedings, journal form:
Chaudhuri, S., & Biswas, A. (2017). External terms-of-trade and labor market
imperfections in developing countries: Theory and evidence. Proceedings of the
Academy of Economics and Economic Education, 20(1), 11-16. https://search-
proquest-com.elibrary.jcu.edu.au/docview/1928612180?accountid=16285
Paper or session presented at conference, not formally published in proceedings
(also used for Poster Presentations):
McDonald, E., Manessis, R., & Blanksby, T. (2019, July 7-10). Peer mentoring in
nursing - improving retention, enhancing education [Poster presentation]. STARS
2019 Conference, Melbourne,
Australia. https://unistars.org/papers/STARS2019/P30-POSTER.pdf

Newspaper Article
Bidey, S. (2018, January 1). Bid to curb youth crime. Townsville Bulletin, p. 13.
Newspaper articles in online paper:
Davidson, J. (2018, January 9). CES 2018: Samsung vows to add artificial intelligence
to everything it does. Australian Financial Review. http://www.afr.com/

Newspaper article retrieved from a database:

Dixon, N. (2011, March 11). Yasi: One month later. Yasi; The recovery. Cairns Post, p.
10. 10.
Newspaper article with no author
Mrs. Obama says ‘lovely frame’ in box during awkward handoff. (2018, February
1). AP News. https://www.apnews.com/31f3520500c94a6ebfdbd2a0db5f4b60
 10

Web pages and documents

Department of Education. (2020, November 11). Physical activity and health.
Queensland Government. https://education.qld.gov.au/curriculum/learning-at-
home/physical-activity-and-health
Grima, B. (2019, September 30). A 60,000-year-old cure for
depression. BBC. http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20190929-a-60000-year-old-
cure-for-depression
James Cook University. (2021). Borrow renew. https://www.jcu.edu.au/library/loans

Basic Formatting Guidelines

1. Paper
1.1. Size = It should be Standard size paper (8.5" x 11") size
1.2. Color
1.2.1. BS Thesis/Project/Internship = Black
1.2.2. MS Thesis = Navy Blue
1.2.3. PhD Thesis = Dark Maroon
1.3. University logo siz is (1.58" x 1.48")
2. Page Layout/Page set up
For copying and binding purposes, every page of your research proposal must be kept within the
following:
2.1. Margins
2.1.1. Top = 1”
2.1.2. Bottom = 1”
2.1.3. Left = 1.5”
2.1.4. Right = 1”
All materials must fit within these margin requirements (including tables, headers
and footers, figures, graphs and page numbers). When full-page prints of photographs are
desired, the image area of the print must conform to the same margins as the text.
2.2. Orientation: Portrait
3. Pagination
3.1. Put a page number in the top right corner of every page,
Each page in research proposal, including those in the appendices, must be
numbered consecutively. Illustrative material is to be numbered as
well as the text. If photographic paper is used, numbers must be
placed neatly in black ink on the reverse side.
Page numbers should be flush right in the header of each page (TNR 12 font size).
3.1.1. Preliminary pages are numbered as follows: The Title Page is counted as
page “I” (Roman) assumed, do not print number.
3.1.2. The main body of the text and the reference section are consecutively
numbered with Arabic numerals beginning page “1” and continuing
throughout, including text, illustrative materials, bibliography, and appendices.
 11

Page numbers start at 1 with Introduction, roman numerals for pages prior
to Introduction.
4. Font
4.1. Style: Times New Roman
4.2. Size: The fond size 12 should be used in most of the text. No font smaller than
10 will be accepted in the text except in some illustration (graphs/table/figure) where
it is required to fit to material in stipulated area of the page. Maximum Font size for
headings in the text can be 14.

5. Spacing between lines and paragraphs

5.1. Line spacing = 1.5
5.1.1 Spacing between paragraph = 0 pt. (Before and After paragraph)
5.1.2 Indentation= 0.5

6. Alignment
6.1. Align the text to the left and leave the right margin uneven ('ragged'). Do not use full
justification, which adjusts the spacing between words to make all lines the same length (flush
with the margins). Do not manually divide words at the end of a line.
7. Thesis Length
7.1. BS = Minimum 40 pages